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Topic: Period of Japanese Rule

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	South Korea - Under Japanese Rule
		Even before the country was formally annexed by Japan in 1910, the Japanese caused the last ruling monarch, King Kojong, to abdicate the throne in 1907 in favor of his feeble son, who was soon married off to a Japanese woman and given a Japanese peerage.
		In 1937 the Japanese governor general ordered that all instruction in Korean schools be in Japanese and that students not be allowed to speak Korean either inside or outside of school.
		Japanese rule was harsh, particularly after the Japanese militarists began their expansionist drive in the 1930s.
	countrystudies.us /south-korea/7.htm (1089 words)

	South Korea - MSN Encarta
		During the period of Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), indigenous traditions were strongly discouraged.
		Korean cultural development is generally divided into periods coinciding with political development: the Three Kingdoms period (57 bc-ad 668), the Unified Silla period (668-935), the Koryŏ (Goryeo) period (918-1392), the Chosŏn (Joseon) period (1392-1910), and the modern period (1910-present).
		In the modern period, dating from the early 20th century, Korean writers adapted many different Western literary influences—notably realism, existentialism, and surrealism—in their efforts to express a series of difficult national experiences: Japanese colonial rule, the partition of Korea and ensuing Korean War, and a period of authoritarian rule.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562354_4/Korea_South.html (837 words)

	Taipei
		T'ai-pei, (台北, pinyin Taibei, old Japanese Taihoku population 2,600,543 in 2000), is the provisional capital of the Republic of China on Taiwan.
		Much of the architecture of Taipei dates from the period of Japanese rule including the Presidental Palace which was the former mansion of the Japanese governor and which faces Tokyo.
		In 1949, the Communists forced the government of Chiang Kai-shek to flee from the mainland of China and establish Taipei as the seat of the ROC.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ta/Taipei,_Taiwan.html (213 words)

	Korea under Japanese rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese minister to Korea, Miura Goro, is thought to have orchestrated the plot against her, though neither he nor any of the agents were found guilty by the Japanese court.
		The nature of the Japanese rule of Korea, especially its role in contribution to the modernization of the Korean peninsula, is a topic of heated discussion.
		In South Korea and North Korea, Japanese rule in the early twentieth century is widely taught as a ruthless attempt to exploit the Korean people, comparable to the ruthless exploitation of the Poles during the Nazi German occupation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule (6147 words)

	Japanese history: Nara, Heian Periods
		In the year 710, the first permanent Japanese capital was established in Nara, a city modelled after the Chinese capital.
		The monasteries quickly gained such strong political influence that, in order to protect the position of the emperor and central government, the capital was moved to Nagaoka in 784, and finally to Heian (Kyoto) in 794 where it should remain for over one thousand years.
		Among the worst failures of the Taika reforms were the land and taxation reforms: High taxes resulted in the impoverishment of many farmers who then had to sell their properties and became tenants of larger land owners.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2132.html (639 words)

	History Of Japan
		A famous typhoon referred to as kamikaze, translating as divine wind in Japanese, is credited with devastating the second Mongol invasion forces who invaded in the spring of 1281, although some scholars assert that the defensive measures the Japanese built on the island of KyÅ«shÅ« may have been adequate to repel the invaders.
		The ruling coalition was formed by the conservative LDP and also the New Clean Government Party, a conservative yet theocratic Buddhist political party affiliated with the Buddhist sect Soka Gakkai.
		In 1993, the LDP was ousted by a coalition led by Morihiro Hosokawa.
	www.celebrities-site.com /results/index.php?title=History_of_Japan (6865 words)

	History of Taiwan
		In 1661, a naval fleet led by the Ming loyalist Zheng Chenggong (Cheng Ch'eng-kung in Wade-Giles, known in the West as Koxinga), arrived in Taiwan to oust the Dutch from Zeelandia.
		The uprising, led by Monalu Dao was crushed by 2000 to 3000 Japanese troops and Aboriginal auxiliaries.
		Taiwanese investors lost their claim to the Japanese bond certificates they possessed and much of the property remains in KMT party hands and has yet to be returned to the public.
	www.fastload.org /hi/History_of_Taiwan.html (2896 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Depth
		In 1910, Korea was forcibly annexed by Tokyo beginning a controversial period of Japanese rule.
		The export of Korean crops to Japan caused food shortages, sweatshops and slave labour became rife, and any opposition to Japanese rule was harshly suppressed.
		A short period of rapprochement with South Korea and the United States followed, culminating in an unprecedented summit between Kim Jong-il and South Korean President Kim Dae-jung in 2000.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456994/html/nn2page1.stm (680 words)

	North Korea - KOREAN NATIONALISM AND COMMUNISM
		The colonial period brought forth an entirely new set of Korean political leaders, spawned by both the resistance to and the opportunities of Japanese colonialism.
		The officer corps of the South Korean army during the Rhee period was dominated by Koreans with experience in the Japanese army.
		That this occurred in the last decade of colonialism created a divisive legacy, however, for this period also was the harshest period of Japanese rule, the time Koreans remember with the greatest bitterness.
	countrystudies.us /north-korea/13.htm (1486 words)

	Korean History in a nutshell - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Under the Jin Dynasty, the Chinese rule still was present, but since it was a weak dynasty, the Xianbei, Tungus or proto-Mongol nomads took advantage of the situation, creating their own Yan kingdom (not the Yan of the Warring States era).
		During the Period of Japanese Rule, a self-professed Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was established in Shanghai.
		Silla was ruled by the Bak, Seok, and Kim Dynasties.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=1898 (8208 words)

	Maps of Taipei - JohoMaps
		Much of the architecture of Taipei dates from the period of Japanese rule (during which the city was known in Japanese as Taihoku) including the Presidential Building which was the Office of the Taiwan Governor-General.
		In 1949, the Communists forced the Kuomintang government under Chiang Kai-shek to flee mainland China and establish Taipei as the provisional capital of the ROC (Nanking remains the official ROC capital).
		From 1875 (during the Qing Dynasty) until the beginning of Japanese rule in 1895, Taipei was part of Danshuei County (淡水縣) of Taipei Prefecture (台北府).
	johomaps.com /as/taiwan/taipei/main.html (619 words)

	Japanese history: Edo Period
		During the Edo period and especially during the Genroku era (1688 - 1703), popular culture flourished.
		The most important philosophy of Tokugawa Japan was Neo-Confucianism, stressing the importance of morals, education and hierarchical order in the government and society: A strict four class system existed during the Edo period: at the top of the social hierarchy stood the samurai, followed by the peasants, artisans and merchants.
		In 1867-68, the Tokugawa government fell because of heavy political pressure, and the power of Emperor Meiji was restored.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2128.html (720 words)

	Local Color in the Oriental Paintings (tôyôga) in the Taiwan Exhibition
		However, the development of Japanese painting in Taiwan encountered great difficulties, to the point that critics were already speaking of the decline or demise of Japanese painting in 1942.
		In much of modern Japanese art history, many artists were simultaneously motivated by a nationalist spirit--using art to serve the country--and the notion of pulling away from Asia to embrace EuropeXstriving to advance on an equal footing with Europe or emulate its industry and science-based civilization, including its imperialistic tendencies.
		His statement that the Japanese were good at the thinking of the conceptual aspect of their compositions while the Taiwanese preferred realism reflected a common argument during the colonial era that the Japanese used their heads while painting while the Taiwanese used their hands.
	mclc.osu.edu /rc/pubs/institutions/yen.htm (7021 words)

	Gulfnews: Japan may change its North Korea policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Following Japanese Prime Minister Junichro Koizumi's historical visit to Pyongyang in 2002, North Korea admitted for the first time that its agents had kidnapped 13 Japanese, claiming that most of them had died.
		On several occasions, Pyongyang raised the issue of compensation for North Koreans who suffered during the period of Japanese colonial rule between 1910 and 1945, something that it has recently repeated to warn Tokyo against the imposition of any economic sanction.
		The Japanese viewed the development as unprecedented threat, not only because the missiles fired were capable of reaching any target in Japan but also because it was the first time that Pyongyang sent its missiles over Japan since its admission of possessing nuclear weapons in February 2005.
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/06/07/15/10053253.html (822 words)

	Foreign Dispatches: The Korean Economy Under Japanese Rule
		French rule in Algeria and white settler rule in Southern Africa were far more brutal and costly in terms of lives lost, nor did Algeria's Arabs or South Africa's fls enjoy anything like the rights Koreans did under Japanese rule, whatever the breaches in practice.
		A better comparison of the state of Koreans under Japanese rule would be to that of America's northern fl population before the Civil Rights era (Koreans were never subjected to the sorts of blatantly discriminatory policies common in the Jim Crow South).
		The very fact that the Japanese were bothering with playing up the historical connections between the two countries even through the outright falsification of history supports the contention that the aim was to transform the Koreans from "gaichi" Imperial subjects of dubious loyalty into fully Japanese "naichi" citizens.
	foreigndispatches.typepad.com /dispatches/2005/11/the_korean_econ.html (5511 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on CHOOSING JAPANESE NAMES.
		During the period of Japanese colonial rule of Korea (1910—1945), Koreans were in practice compelled to adopt Japanese-language names.
		Japanese conventions of creating given names also made their way into Korea, such as putting a character "子" (Japanese ko and Korean ja meaning "descendant" or "son") to make feminine names like "玉子" (Japanese Tamako and Korean Okja), although this practice is seldom seen in modern Korea, either North or South.
		After the Japanese defeat in World War II and the liberation of Korea, the Name Restoration Order (조선 성명 복구령; 朝鮮姓名復舊令) was issued on October 23, 1946 by the United States military administration south of the 38th parallel north, enabling Koreans to restore their Korean names if they wished to.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=2218 (2104 words)

	Reconstructing History — Japanese Historical Clothing Research
		Murasaki Shikibu's work, still regarded as the height of Japanese fiction, tells the story of a son of the Emperor who is demoted to commoner status.
		This diary was written in the Heian period by the second wife of Fujiwara no Kaneie who recounts two decades of reasons to complain about her life and bemoan her fate.
		Indeed the Emperor himself had been powerless during the latter part of the Heian period as well, but the controllers of the government were courtiers, the Fujiwara.
	www.reconstructinghistory.com /japanese/periodsources.html (1531 words)

	MRC FilmFinder-Full Record: Riding the Tiger {Parts 1-3}
		A Film For the Humanities series on Indonesia highlighting the lasting effects of the colonization and exploitation of the islands by the Dutch and Japanese and the nation's chaotic history since independence.
		This program looks at the period of Dutch colonization and at Indonesia's struggle for independence, which began in 1942 with the Japanese invasion and the end of Dutch rule." Among those interviewed: Gatut Kusumo [Freedom Fighter], Haji Princen [Civil Liberties Lawyer], Arief Budiman [Sociologist], Sultan of Yogyakarta, Roeslan Abdulgani [former Cabinet Minister], Father Mangunwijaya.
		This program examines the period of Japanese rule and visits a small community, or kampung to show the effects of its influence.
	www.lib.unc.edu /house/mrc/films/full.php?film_id=7870 (338 words)

	Korea: A Century of Change, reviewed by Saxer
		The author makes the tendentious claim that it is "difficult to have a balanced discussion with Koreans about the period of Japanese rule" (p.
		He argues that "Japanese government officials made remarks of regret and apologies, but what was missing was a broad-based effort at reconciliation similar to the efforts of the Federal Republic of Germany towards France; but Japan is no Christian country" (p.
		Chapter Four deals with the liberation of the peninsula from Japanese rule and the establishment of two competing states.
	www.koreaweb.ws /ks/ksr/ksr02-12.htm (1144 words)

	Wikinfo \| Pyongyang
		It was the provincial capital of the P'yŏngan Province during the Joseon Dynasty, becoming provincial capital of South P'yŏngan Province from 1896 and through the period of Japanese rule.
		In 1945, Japanese rule ended and it was occupied by Soviet forces, and became the temporary capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at its establishment in 1948 while it aims to recapture its official capital at that time of Seoul.
		It was severely damaged in the Korean War, during which it was briefly occupied by South Korean forces.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Pyongyang (734 words)

	About North Korea - Travel, Maps, Flag and Information
		During the period of Japanese rule (1910-45), the government attempted to force Koreans to adopt the Japanese language and culture.
		Foreign governments and citizens, especially the Japanese and the Americans, are depicted as heartless monsters (referred to as "imperialists"); revolutionary heroes and heroines are seen as saintly figures who act from the purest of motives.
		Authorities periodically subject dual nationals and children of former Koreans to certain laws and obligations.
	www.canadiancontent.net /profiles/North-Korea.html (1021 words)

	Article 1. The game of go (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These rules must be applied in a spirit of good sense and mutual trust between the players.
		If a game is resumed, any moves played not in accordance with the rules during the period when the game was stopped are invalid {and are presumably removed from the board.
		This ko rule allows a recapture of a ko only after a pass by the player about to make the recapture.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~wjh/go/rules/Japanese.html (4593 words)

	Kuk Sool Won of Lawrence - History
		During this period of Japanese rule the practice of any sort of Korean martial art was strictly forbidden.
		Because of the severity and harshness of the punishment levied by the Japanese to practitioners of Korean marital arts, only a very small number of people carried on the legacy of traditional Korean martial arts.
		Despite the Japanese invasion, the Suh family continued its 16 generation tradition of practicing and teaching martial arts.
	www.lawrenceks.net /index.cfm?page=6 (1012 words)

	Jackson School - Student Services Office
		Graduate seminars provide opportunities for research in Korean and other non-Western languges on a variety of topics in the political, social, economic, and intellectual history of the country.
		Courses on Korean history include the period under Japanese colonial rule in the first half of the twentieth century, the liberation of Korea after 1945, the Korean War, and the political, economic, and social development of both South Korea and North Korea.
		Topics covered are traditional institutions and society, Japanese colonial rule, liberation and the Korean War, early Korean communist movement, and North and South Korea since 1945.
	jsis.artsci.washington.edu /advise/catalog/korea-ma.html (700 words)

	Korea Travel: Beomeo-sa (Busan City)
		Together with the exquisite workmanship of the colorful canopy, altar, and decorated back panel, this hall is one of the most outstanding examples of Buddhist architecture and woodwork from the Joseon period (1392-1910).
		This lantern, originally stood in front of Yonghwa-jeon, but was relocated here at the site of a removed belfry during the period of Japanese rule.
		This lantern features a unifoliate-lotus design on its upper and lower stands, and is in the same style as the stone lantern of Gyeongju's Bulguk-sa except that the latter has the double-leaf lotus pattern.
	www.lifeinkorea.com /Travel2/286 (489 words)

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