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Topic: Peripheral vascular resistance

	blood pressure
		The increase in vascular tone or total peripheral resistance in the obese may be caused by an increase in the alpha?adrenergic response (35), and increased noradrenergic activities (84) or opiate suppression (36).
		The large resistance to the left ventricle [aortic impedance] and the decreased contractility of the hypertrophied heart may be the mechanisms that contribute to cardiac failure in end stage hypertension (99).
		The mechanism responsible for the decrease in peripheral vascular resistance is unknown.
	www.emunix.emich.edu /~bogle/blood_pressure.htm (13652 words)

	Massage Therapy Massage Bodywork Massage Therapy Schools Massage Therapy Career (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Peripheral vascular resistance is a major opposing force to the heart's work.
		Hemodynamic examinations -- cardio work, peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure -- were conducted prior to the start of treatments and upon their conclusion.
		Peripheral vascular resistance (in the skeletal muscle groups of the upper and lower extremities) was reduced by using a combination of different kneading techniques especially designed for this purpose.
	www.massagetherapy.com /articles/index.php/article_id/439 (2126 words)

	Peripheral Vascular Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Peripheral vascular disease is any pathophysiologic process that disrupts blood flow through arteries or veins of the extracranium, thorax, abdomen, and extremities.
		This method is a very reliable indicator of the progression or severity of peripheral arterial insufficiency.
		The result is venous congestion in the form of peripheral edema.
	healthsci.clayton.edu /nurs326/periphnotes.htm (2793 words)

	[No title]
		The increased peripheral vascular resistance that is an underlying cause of hypertension results from an increase in active tension in the vascular smooth muscle.
		Stores of intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle are limited and thus dependent upon the influx of extracellular calcium for contraction to occur.
		In man, nifedipine decreases peripheral vascular resistance which leads to a fall in systolic and diastolic pressures, usually minimal in normotensive volunteers (less than 5-10 mm Hg systolic), but sometimes larger.
	www.best-meds.com /druginfo/adalat_clinical.htm (1232 words)

	Antihypertensive Drugs - Definition, Purpose, Description, Recommended dosage, Precautions
		Peripheral vasodilators such as hydralazine (Apresoline), isoxuprine (Vasodilan), and minoxidil (Loniten) act by relaxing blood vessels.
		At the same time, the pressure of the walls of blood vessels, the peripheral vascular resistance, is lowered.
		Peripheral vasodilators may cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension—a rapid lowering of blood pressure when the patient stands up in the morning.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /A-Ce/Antihypertensive-Drugs.html (1090 words)

	heart
		Peripheral vascular resistance opposes steady blood flow at a blood vessel.
		Peripheral emboli in the arteries of the legs.
		It results from an increase in peripheral resistance at the arteries but the mechanisms are not clear.
	www.healthandage.com /html/res/primer/heart.htm (3001 words)

	THERAPY OF HEART FAILURE
		The predominant activity is to decrease peripheral vascular resistance.
		In heart failure the decrease in peripheral vascular resistance decreases the afterload leading to an increase in cardiac output.
		It is used in decompensated congestive heart failure to produce a rapid decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure.
	www.uky.edu /~mtp/pha824hf/PHA824hf.html (2240 words)

	Impaired Microvascular Dilatation and Capillary Rarefaction in Young Adults with a Predisposition to High Blood ...
		Peripheral vascular resistance is dictated primarily by resistance across vessels < 100 µm in luminal diameter (1).
		that capillary or postcapillary vascular resistance is increased.
		Lui, J.H. Lombard, and A.W. Cowley (1989) Microvascular rarefaction and tissue vascular resistance in hypertension.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/8/1873 (5289 words)

	eMedicine - Hypertension : Article by Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP, DABSM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The contribution of peripheral arterioles in maintaining blood pressure, described as "tone," was first described by Lower in 1669 and subsequently by Sénac in 1783.
		Peripheral vascular resistance is dependent upon the sympathetic nervous system, humoral factors, and local autoregulation.
		The vasoreactivity of the vascular bed, an important phenomenon mediating changes of hypertension, is influenced by the activity of vasoactive factors, reactivity of the smooth muscle cells, and structural changes in the vessel wall and vessel caliber, expressed by a lumen-to-wall ratio.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic1106.htm (10263 words)

	Adalat CC Tablets Drug Information Adalat CC Tablets
		Patients with tight aortic stenosis may be at greater risk for such an event, as the unloading effect of nifedipine would be expected to be of less benefit to these patients, owing to their fixed impedance to flow across the aortic valve.
		General - Hypotension: Because nifedipine decreases peripheral vascular resistance, careful monitoring of blood pressure during the initial administration and titration of ADALAT CC is suggested.
		Peripheral Edema: Mild to moderate peripheral edema occurs in a dose-dependent manner with ADALAT CC.
	www.drugs.com /PDR/Adalat_CC_Tablets.html (5455 words)

	Medical Massage and Hypertension
		An increase in sympathetic tone produces arteriolar vasoconstriction with a following increase in the peripheral vascular resistance.
		There are three major mechanisms which practitioners should use to help patients with hypertension: balancing the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, vasodilating the vertebral arteries, and reducing peripheral vascular resistance.
		Thus, an increased sympathetic tone triggers arteriolar vasoconstriction, which increases peripheral vascular resistance.
	www.ippt.com /CE/Medical_Massage_Hyp.htm (1499 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (the leading cause of death in North America), stroke (the third leading cause of death), congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease.
		Alterations in structural and physical properties of resistance arteries, as well as changes in endothelial function, likely are responsible for this abnormal behavior of vasculature.
		The interaction of autocrine and paracrine factors happens in the vascular endothelium, leading to growth and remodeling of the vessel wall and to the hemodynamic regulation of blood pressure.
	www.medceu.com /course-no-test.cfm?CID=927 (11737 words)

	Hypertension and Salt Indonesian Cuisines
		Your doctor has changed your blood pressure medications four times in the past year, and various test were ordered to rule out conditions that can be amenable to definitive surgical treatment, but they were all "negative".
		Sodium is believed to contribute to vascular resistance by increasing vessel stiffness, and an increase in PVR (peripheral vascular
		cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).
	www.soytempeh.com /HypertensionandSalt.html (406 words)

	Chapter 9, page 131 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The way in which the heart-lung machine is operated is drastically influenced by the needs of the surgeon and by the condition of the patient.
		Peripheral (systemic) vascular resistance is the opposing force offered to total blood flow.
		Nevertheless, when used with caution, this expression of systemic vascular resistance is a valid and useful tool.
	members.cox.net /webspace77/ch09/CH09_02.html (261 words)

	Evidence for altered {alpha}-adrenoreceptor responsiveness after a single bout of maximal exercise -- Convertino 95 ...
		peripheral vascular resistance (11, 12), although the mechanism(s)
		Linear regressions are calculated from mean leg vascular resistance and mean arterial blood pressure values of 8 subjects.
		Linear regressions are calculated from mean heart rate and leg vascular resistance values of 8 subjects.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/95/1/192 (3720 words)

	index
		Mean arterial pressure increases due to systemic vascular resistance, increased catecholamine secretion at given workloads and increased blood viscosity resulting from increased hematocrit.
		The blunted myocardial response during vigorous work at altitude is brought on by a combination of decreased plasma volume, increased total peripheral resistance and an increase in parasympathetic tone decreasing maximal heart rate.
		Facilitating the oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift is an increase in chemoreceptor control of ventilation brought on by decreased bicarbonate in the cerebrospinal fluid and excretion of bicarbonate by the kidneys [1].
	www.exercisephysiologists.com /Altitude/index.html (3167 words)

	Women at altitude: forearm hemodynamics during acclimatization to 4,300 m with alpha 1-adrenergic blockade -- Zamudio ...
		vascular resistance were examined in relation to circulating catecholamines.
		Venous compliance, forearm blood flow, and vascular resistance were determined from plethysmographic and blood pressure measurements.
		Forearm vascular resistance was lower than at sea level on day 3 of altitude exposure in both prazosin- and placebo-treated women but rose between days 3 and 10 in both groups so that it did not differ from the values observed at sea level.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/H2636 (6353 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For each leg, changes in arterial pressure, calf blood flow, and calf vascular resistance over time were calculated by subtracting the measurement obtained during the final 30 seconds of the handgrip trial and the final 30 seconds of the recovery period from those obtained during the baseline period.
		As expected, 2 minutes of static handgrip exercise produced an increase in arterial pressure and vascular resistance in both legs from the baseline period to the final 30 seconds of the handgrip exercise (Tab.
		Although vascular resistance in both legs increased 70% during the handgrip exercise, there was no concomitant change in dorsal or plantar skin temperature.
	www.ptjournal.org /PTJournal/June2001/v81n6p1183.cfm (4639 words)

	Subnormal norepinephrine release relates to presyncope in astronauts after spaceflight -- Fritsch-Yelle et al. 81 (5): ...
		Cerebral vascular resistance in the middle cerebral artery was
		with greater increases in vascular resistance (9, 15-17).
		Influence of gender on vascular reactivity in the rat.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/5/2134 (4776 words)

	REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE Arterial blood pressure is a function of cardiac output and p
		REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE Arterial blood pressure is a function of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.
		Vascular resistance is determined by a variety of neural influences, especially sympathetic tone, and a variety of hormonal factors, especially angio- tensin II.
		It follows that reduction of blood pressure can be achieved by reducing cardiac output or peripheral vascular resistance.
	www.skepticfiles.org /md001/mechan5.htm (328 words)

	Systemic Endothelin Receptor Blockade Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance and Blood Pressure in Humans -- Haynes ...
		decreases peripheral vascular resistance and, to a lesser extent,
		is the predominant isopeptide in the vascular endothelium
		Characterization of receptors mediating vascular responses to endothelin-1 in the conscious rat.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/10/1860 (5859 words)

	The forgotten Barcroft/Edholm reflex: potential role in exercise associated collapse -- Noakes 37 (3): 277 -- British ...
		Figure 1 Changes in blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, forearm blood flow, cardiac output, heart rate, and right atrial pressure in subjects who underwent rapid venesection of about 1 litre of blood in 12 minutes.
		Note that fainting is caused by a sudden reduction in peripheral vascular resistance resulting from an increase in forearm blood flow as right atrial pressure falls, the Barcroft/Edholm reflex.
		that activated the reflex reduction in peripheral vascular resistance.
	bjsm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/3/277 (1068 words)

	qca36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Both coronary vascular resistance and peripheral vascular resistance are decreased when using this drug.
		Diltiazem does decrease coronary and peripheral vascular resistance, but so do other calcium channel blockers.
		Verapamil does decrease coronary and peripheral vascular resistance, but so do other calcium channel blockers.
	lysine.pharm.utah.edu /netpharm/netpharm_98/questions/qca36.htm (91 words)

	Cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in hypertension -- Mayet and Hughes 89 (9): 1104 -- Heart
		PVR is dominated by small muscular arteries and arterioles (vessels
		The circulation can be approximated by a pump connected to a compliant chamber (elastic arteries) and a flow resistance (resistance vasculature).
		peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) is the hallmark of established
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/9/1104 (3252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		With increasing fat mass, peripheral vascular resistance actually decreases because, surprisingly, blood flow to adipose tissue is quite high in comparison to that to skeletal muscle.
		Thus the increased capillary bed in an expanded adipose tissue mass reduces total vascular resistance.
		Thus one could speculate that the increased cardiovascular risk of hypertension is not so much to do with elevated blood pressure itself but is the consequence of the increased peripheral vascular resistance, caused by resistance vessel wall hypertrophy, or by vasoconstriction.
	www.pitt.edu /~Super1/lecture/lec2511/015.htm (109 words)

	Diminished Wave Reflection in the Aorta : A Novel Physiological Action of Insulin on Large Blood Vessels -- Westerbacka ...
		peripheral vascular resistance by increasing muscle blood flow.
		Central aortic augmentation, pulse pressure, central aortic augmentation index, and peripheral vascular resistance plotted as a function of time during the euglycemic insulin clamp (insulin) and the saline control studies.
		Peripheral large arteries and the response to antihypertensive treatment.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/5/1118 (4157 words)

	Circulatory Dysfunction in Asymptomatic in Vitro Fertilization Patients. Relationship with Hyperestrogenemia and ...
		Sequential changes in plasma estradiol levels, mean arterial pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, cardiac output, plasma renin activity, and plasma concentration of aldosterone throughout study period in 12 patients studied.
		pressure and peripheral vascular resistance and increase in cardiac
		Schrier RW, Briner VA. 1991 Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis of sodium and water retention in pregnancy: implications for pathogenesis of preeclampsia-eclampsia.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/5/1489 (3144 words)

	Thyroid Hormone and Cardiovascular Disease
		One of the earliest responses to thyroid hormone administration is a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
		The low peripheral vascular resistance may also be the result of direct action of thyroid hormone on arteriolar smooth muscle tone.
		Hypertension of hypothyroidism appears to be caused by a low-renin state, developed as a result of increased peripheral vascular resistance.
	www.arabmedmag.com /issue-30-12-2004/cardiology/main05.htm (5605 words)

	Correlates of the Hemodynamic Determinants of Blood Pressure -- Daniels et al. 28 (1): 37 -- Hypertension
		vascular resistance, MBP is mean BP, and CO is cardiac output.
		on vascular resistance is consistent with several previous studies.
		Exercise-induced differences in cardiac output, blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in a healthy biracial population of 10 year old boys.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/1/37 (3014 words)

	Hemodynamic and autonomic effects of smokeless tobacco in healthy young men -- Wolk et al. 45 (6): 910 -- Journal of ...
		Figure 1 Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) during the placebo and tobacco sessions.
		Faster HR and minimal MSNA suppression, despite the similar blood pressures with spit tobacco use compared to phenylephrine, suggest a potent cardiac and vascular excitatory effect of spit tobacco, which overcomes the cardiac and sympathetic inhibitory influences of baroreflex activation in response to the rise in blood pressure.
		Interaction of cardiopulmonary and carotid baroreflex control of vascular resistance in humans J Clin Invest 1985;76:1592-1598.
	content.onlinejacc.org /cgi/content/full/45/6/910 (2106 words)

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