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Topic: Peristome

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	Peristome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word peristome is derived from the Greek for 'around a mouth', and is a term used to describe various structures in plants that surround an opening to an organ.
		In bryophyte mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once.
		In pitcher plants, the peristome is a reflexed ring (or partial ring) of tissue that surrounds the entrance to the digestive tube in these plants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peristome (135 words)

	Moss capsule opening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A ring of tooth-like segments (peristome teeth; peri, around + stoma, mouth) may be seen surrounding the entrance to the sporangium inside.
		The peristome is spirally coiled in the moss, Tortula muralis.
		The short peristome teeth are around the periphery and between them there is a ring of small pores through which the spores escape.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/moss_caps_opening.htm (253 words)

	POLYP - LoveToKnow Article on POLYP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We can distinguish therefore in the body of a polyp the column, circular or oval in section, forming the trunk, resting on a base or foot and surmounted by the crown of tentacles, which enclose an area termed the peristome, in the centre of which again is the mouth.
		As a rule there is no other opening to the body except the mouth, but in some cases excretory pores are known to occur in the foot, and pores may occur at the tips of the tentacles.
		The mouth may be level with the surface of the peristome, or may be projecting and trumpet-shaped.
	55.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/POLYP.htm (736 words)

	Index to Danser's Nepenthes Monograph
		Lower pitchers ovate-cylindrical, the upper ones infundibuliform or campanulate-infundibuliform, the peristome not flattened at the inner side.
		Peristome flattened, 1-2 1/2 mm broad, the ribs 1/4-2/3 mm apart.
		Ribs of the peristome 1/2-5 mm apart, the teeth of the inner margin 3-6 x as long as broad.
	www.omnisterra.com /botany/cp/pictures/nepenthe/dansermg/dans10.htm (3245 words)

	Bryophyta
		In arthrodontous peristomes, at the level of the capsule mouth and above, three innermost rings of cells of the amphithecium are involved in the formation of teeth in most taxa.
		Most peristomate mosses have the arthrodontous type, in which each tooth is composed of periclinal (tangential) cell wall remnants between two of the three concentric peristomial cell layers (Figure 2C).
		Peristomate mosses include three main lineages: Polytrichopsida (3) with nematodontous peristomes are basal to a clade of arthrodontous mosses that includes the Tetraphidopsida (4) and Bryopsida (5) (Figure 3B).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Bryophyta&contgroup=Embryophytes (2264 words)

	Bryopsida
		The haplolepidous peristome is characteristic of the Grimmiales, Seligeriales, Archidiales, Pottiales, and Dicranales.
		In diplolepidous peristomes usually both the exostome and the endostome are present, but in several families the endostome is lacking or reduced.
		The diplolepidous alternate peristome is common in the Bryales, Rhizogoniales, Hookeriales, and Hypnales.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Bryopsida&contgroup=Bryophyta (1625 words)

	#template_BFNA_ProvPubl
		Leaves twisted-spreading to stiffly erect when dry, generally erect-spreading to spreading, sometimes slightly curved when moist, linear to stoutly subulate from clasping base; margins plane, entire to denticulate; costa single, homogenous in transverse-section, ending near the apex to long-excurrent, distal leaf cells smooth, short; alar cells not differentiated to somewhat enlarged and colored.
		calcarea are generally distinctive: the capsules gradually contract to the seta though a shriveled neck, a well-developed peristome is present, and the length of the capsule equals or slightly exceeds the width.
		Seligeria tristichoides is relatively frequent in Alaska and western Canada, and is disjunct in Colorado and in the east ranges from Newfoundland south to Vermont.
	www.mobot.org /plantscience/BFNA/V1/SeliSeligeriaceae.htm (2928 words)

	Learn more about Moss in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The mouth of the capsule is usually ringed by a set of teeth called peristome.
		In some mosses, green vegetative structures called gemmae are produced on leaves or branches, which can break off and form new plants without the need to go through the cycle of fertilisation.
		The Tetraphidae are unique as their name implies, in having only four large peristome teeth surrounding the opening of the capsule.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/mo/moss.html (767 words)

	Conservation through cultivation - Borneo Exotics
		Lower pitchers are richly colored with dark purple peristome and pronounced keel and spur beneath the lid.
		Pitchers are purple flecked on green background with a purple peristome.
		Similar to the typical Sabah form, except that the peristome is flared and striped red on green.
	www.borneoexotics.com /aspx/catalogue.aspx (1229 words)

	Rhachitheciaceae
		Peristome single, with 8 pairs of fused teeth; teeth incurved when moist, recurved when dry, smooth; annulus bistratose (two distinct layers), with both concentric layers uniseriate, caducous to persistent.
		The genus is distinguished from Rhachithecium by the absence of a central strand in the stem, more than 2 layers of abaxial cells in the costa, a smooth calyptra, a bistratose annulus, papillose spores and a flat (not conic) operculum.
		The genus is distinguished by the spathulate leaves, crenulate margins, strongly differentiated upper, thick-walled, pluripapillose, isodiametric and lower lax, thin-walled smooth laminal cells, absence of a peristome, and long rostrate operculum.
	www.oshea.demon.co.uk /tbr/rhac.htm (1674 words)

	Spore dispersal in Bryophytes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Peristome structure has been a very important character in the taxonomy of mosses.
		With the exception of one group of mosses (Graphite mosses), all moss capsules have an operculum and peristome.
		What this means is that as water is lost one side of the peristome teeth shrinks while the other does not.
	scitec.uwichill.edu.bb /bcs/bl14apl/bryo2.htm (681 words)

	Eakin, David A. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The moss genus Macrohymenium [Sematophyllaceae] is characterized by a peristome unique among moss genera.
		The author will present preliminary results of an investigation of this peristome by means of conventional and scanning electron microscopy.
		The outward similarity of this peristome to that found in the Regmatodontaceae will be discussed.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section1/abstracts/60.shtml (96 words)

	#template_BFNA_ProvPubl
		Capsules nodding, peristome perfect, bulbils often present in leaf axils â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.â¦ 4.
		Synoicous; peristome reduced, exotsome segments irregular, short, endostome adherent to exostome, fragile, cilia absent, spores 18-22 um â¦.
		Plants comose to caespitose, monoicous; peristome reduced, cilia mostly short or absent, basal membrane low, mostly <1/2 height of exostome, spores 18--50 um; filiform gemmae lacking â¦â¦.
	www.mobot.org /plantscience/BFNA/V2/BryaBryaceae_Prelim_Keys.htm (3157 words)

	Mosses
		At the tip of the capsule is a lid (operculum) which, prior to spore dissemination, falls away exposing the so-called peristome teeth, a set of structures, often delicate and thread-like in appearance, that form a ring around the mouth (rim) of the capsule (c).
		The peristome teeth are perhaps the most characteristic feature of the mosses; usually composed of cell wall remnants, they respond to changes in the humidity of the atmosphere.
		The mouth of the capsule is covered by a membrane that is overarched by massive multicellular peristome teeth the tips of which are joined to the membrane.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/mosses.html (929 words)

	"Tale of the Telotroch"
		I've since seen stalkless Vorticella and Epistylis swim by using just their peristomes, and I've even found a Vorticella with none but peristomal cilia towing its stalk behind it and, behind that, a small bit of the substrate to which it was still attached.
		The others are side- and from-the-top views of a free-swimming zooid that was 60 µm in diameter and 28 µm thick (peristome to scopula, where the stalk attaches); others ranged from 40 to 65 µm in diameter, and all were manic swimmers.
		This Campanella telotroch exhibited three forms: a "proper" telotroch form in which all the peristomal cilia were drawn into the anterior part of its body, a sessile-like form in which those cilia were fully extended, and a partly contracted form in which those cilia were, at least visually, in a state of disarray.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjan02/telotroch.html (4628 words)

	Bryophytes - Mosses
		The common English name, wall screw-moss, is presumably derived from the twisted appearance of the peristome.
		With a bit of fiddling, in a drop of water, I was able to detach a peristome from a capsule and mount in in water under a coverslip.
		I wondered how the peristome would look under crossed polars and the image of the teeth is shown on the right.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artmar03/dcmoss.html (1132 words)

	[No title]
		In irregular echinoids, the peristome tends to shift toward the anterior end of the test, whereas the periproct typically shifts toward the posterior end.
		In the dendrasterid sand dollars, however, the peristome and periproct have been displaced in the ''wrong'' directions; the peristome has shifted posteriorly, whereas the periproct has shifted anteriorly.
		Thus, the retrodisplacement of the peristome and periproct in dendrasterids may be related to developmental constraints.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/kunkel/fish/sand_dollar/sand-bib2000.html (4349 words)

	MOSS of NEW ENGLAND
		Peristome single, rarely with a very rudimentary inner peristome..........
		Peristome teeth forked to a little below the middle, usually longitudinally striate.................................
		DICRANELLA, p.15 Peristome teeth divided nearly or quite to base or perforate nearly to base ( DIDYMODON and BRYOERYTHROPHYLLUM may be sought here, page 22)...................................................................
	members.aol.com /legion86/MOSS5.html (274 words)

	[No title]
		The plant is unique for its vampire-fang like outgrowths of the peristome.
		Nepenthes bicalcarata is a shade loving plant normally growing in peat swamp forests of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei.
		The little colonies live in a hollow of the tendril and under the peristome.
	www.omnisterra.com /botany/cp/pictures/others/desc4 (1143 words)

	* Peristome - (Gardening): Definition
		peristome -- A set of cells or cell parts which surround the opening of a moss sporangium.
		In many mosses, they are sensitive to humidity, and will alter their shape to aid in spore dispersal.
		peristome (n) a fringe of small teeth around the mouth of many
	en.mimi.hu /gardening/peristome.html (123 words)

	Mosses and Liverworts in Wales: Capsules
		The peristome teeth in this species are particularly long, and can be seen between the operculum and the capsule mouth.
		The picture on the left shows a capsule of Polytrichum commune, in which the operculum has detached, and the peristome teeth (small in this case) are clearly visible.
		The capsules of liverworts (right) are simpler in structure than those of mosses, consisting usually of a simple sphere which releases spores by splitting longitudinally into four sections.
	home.clara.net /adhale/bryos/capsules.htm (236 words)

	All Nepenthes
		The peristome is strikingly ribbed similar to N. ventrico...
		The peristome is striped with the same color.
		This beautiful form has the same characteristic shape as the typical species but the peristome is a much darker purple.
	www.blackjungle.com /blackjungle/NEP.html (1340 words)

	Nepenthes, Pitcher Plant,carnivorous plants
		The pitchers are characterized by having a "neck" where the lip (peristome) rises to the lid, giving the pitchers a very open look.
		This clone produces pitchers that are green to red with purplish interior spots and stripes on the peristome.
		The peristome is fattened and can be green with red stripes or nearly all red ( photo).
	www.pitcherplant.com /nepenth.html (1336 words)

	Thyrsocyrtis (Pentalacorys) lochites Sanfilippo and Riedel
		The bladed nature of the proximal part of the feet is associated with a ridge that extends between nearby abdominal pores, and subparallel to the peristome.
		The pores adjacent to the peristome are smaller than the other abdominal pores, which are smaller than those of co-occurring (late)
		The peristome is distinct, sometimes with remnants of a fourth, very weak segment.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/tnotes/tn27/11_t15.html (283 words)

	ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL - LoveToKnow Article on ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The tentacles surround an area own as the peristome, in the middle of which there is an ngated mouth-opening surrounded by tumid lips.
		Each mesentery is attached by its upper Lrgin to the peristome, by its outer margin to the body-wall, d by its lower margin to the basal disk.
		Other ~senteries, called incomplete, are not attached to the stomoeum, and their internal margins are free from the peristome the basal disk.
	www.1911ency.org /A/AN/ANTHONY_SUSAN_BROWNELL.htm (2343 words)

	MOSS of NEW ENGLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leaf cells with a single very large papilla, which is sometimes forked; capsules erect and symmetric; peristome imperfect, the inner rudimentary or lacking........................................
		Plants of elevated and northern regions; leaves with strongly recurved to revolute margins; capsules mostly inclined and unsymmetric; segments of inner peristome lanceolate, paitially developed cilia usually present.
		Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading to squarrose when moist, with plane margins; peristome teeth blunt, inner peristome of a scarcely perceptible basal membrane...........................
	members.aol.com /legion86/MOSS10.html (309 words)

	glyncon2
		It has the body shape and lid of the Bical and the peristome of the Amp.
		The peristome very similar to the ampullaria and the body shape of an obvious cross between the parents
		It has the flared peristome of mirabilis and the long narrow body of the Elongated Raf.
	webhome.idirect.com /~bickell/glyncon2.html (387 words)

	The World of Mosses - A Graphic Guide to Ontario Mosses - Moss Names
		Ref split teeth of peristome said to look like the horns of a goat.
		The mature furrowed spore case is also horn-like in appearance with a curved peristome suggesting the canine tooth of a carnivore.
		Ref purplish colour of stem and seta, sometimes leaves.
	worldofmosses.com /ggom/ggomNames.html (435 words)

	[No title]
		Very rare, fuzzy red thumb sized pitchers with a purple/fl peristome that folds back under the lid forming two 'bat wing' like projections.
		White lightly flecked with purple, Peristome teeth flushed with red.
		Most will be pink pitchers with gold peristomes that mature red/brown.
	www.exoticplantsplus.com /catnepenthes.htm (647 words)

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