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Topic: Peritrich

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	Gallery - British Society for Protist Biology
		(possibly A. carchesii), a gymnostome ciliate feeding on the colonial peritrich Carchesium polypinum.
		Scyphidia physarum (a peritrich ciliate) attached to the freshwater snail Physa fontinalis.
		A closeup of Scyphidia physarum (a peritrich ciliate) attached to the freshwater snail Physa fontinalis.
	www.protist.org.uk /gallery/zoo2.html (0 words)

	Protozoa: Ciliates: Peritrichs. An introduction with photomicrographs.
		Peritrichs are ciliates which have no body ciliature other than that fringing the mouth end of the organism and which creates the current bringing food particles to the mouth (buccal cavity).
		They are rarely free-swimming, usually sessile, sometimes enclosed in a vase-shaped lorica, but most frequently as separate stalked organisms and as branched colonies of up to a hundred or more individuals.
		Vorticella, the classic peritrich, was also called the "bell animalcule" by early microscopists on account of its shape when fully extended (see diagram).
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/protis/cili/peri0100.htm (0 words)

	Membrane perfusion method and apparatus for determining dose response relationships for soluble biologically active ...
		Peritrichs attach to surfaces by a permanent stalk, 100-500.mu.m in length, which supports a single peritrich or colony, 30-100.mu.m in diameter.
		Peritrichs were found to be a major constituent of fouling organisms from experimental panels coated with a modern tributyltin (TBT) antifoulant paint submerged in the Severn River.
		However, peritrichs are attached to the substratum by a permanent stalk and no evidence of significant loss of peritrichs by stalk breakage was observed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5100780.html (7120 words)

	Peritrich
		The peritrichs are a large and distinctive group of ciliate protozoa.
		In these the posterior of the cell is enlarged and modified to form a complex holdfast, allowing the cell to temporarily attach to some host organism.
		The peritrichs were first defined by Stein in 1859.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/p/pe/peritrich.html (269 words)

	"Tale of the Telotroch"
		Sessile peritrichs are ciliates that achieve a more settled lifestyle than most other protists by attaching themselves to something more stable than they are.
		I learned how peritrichs leave their stalks behind to swim to a better location, how they'd change their appearance, how their peristome wasn't apparent anymore, how they grew cilia on their rear ends, and how they used these new cilia to get around.
		Its body was 170 µm in diameter, and it had a 110-µm-long stalk of refractive, crystalline blue, at the end of which was a holdfast still attached to a piece of substrate.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjan02/telotroch.html (4615 words)

	[No title]
		This species lives fixed inside the peristomial disc of the peritrich with the narrower anterior end oriented upward; the posterior rounded part is oriented down toward the posterior part of the peritrich.
		The swarmer, transported by the current flow of the peritrich and by the stream of water, seems to employ cilia when free of the host ciliary whirl.
		The vortex of the peritrich gives the swarmer enough impulse to penetrate the host by means of the projection.
	www.nies.go.jp /chiiki1/protoz/morpho/endospha.htm (727 words)

	Peritrich at AllExperts
		They are usually bell or disc shaped, with a prominent paroral membrane arising from the oral cavity and circling counter-clockwise around the anterior of the cell, accompanied by a smaller series of membranelles.
		The peritrichs were first defined by Friedrich von Stein in 1859.
		Initially they were considered spirotrichs, then treated as a separate category, before receiving their modern placement.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pe/peritrich.htm (329 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Two species of Peritrich ciliates (Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935, and Epistylis sp.) were identified to live as epibionts on the two most abundant copepod species (Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis) during spring and summer months in Chesapeake Bay.
		Investigation of the life cycle of Z. intermedium suggested that it is an obligate epibiont, being unable to attach to non-living substrates in the laboratory or in the field.
		Formation of free-swimming stages (telotrochs) occurs as a result of binary fission, as observed for other peritrichs, and is also triggered by death or molt of the crustacean host.
	www.aslo.org /phd/dialog/200405-17.html (319 words)

	Ectoparasites of fish and Invertebrates of the Salton Sea
		The pile worm, Neanthes succinea, was heavily infected by peritrich Epistylis sp., that were attached to their body segments and locomotory organs (Fig.9).
		Another peritrich, Rhabdostyla vernalis, was distributed over the body surface of the copepod Apocyclops dengizicus (Fig.10).
		The pile worm, Neanthes succinea, was heavily infected by peritrich Epistylis sp., individuals of which were attached to their body segments and locomotory organs.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /salton/FishParasitePoster.html (1328 words)

	Glossary - Droplet - Microscopy of the Protozoa
		Contractile element of the cytoplasm, for example a thread inside the stalk of sessile peritrich protozoans (e.g.
		Free swimming, stalkless stage of peritrich protozoans (e.g.
		An individual in a colonial animal - for example a single stalked, sessile form of peritrich protozoans (e.g.
	www.droplet-microscopy.org /glossary.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		Organelle of osmoregulation; it enlarges itself continuously until it reaches a maximum size ("diastole") and suddenly bursts through the surrounding cytoplasmic layer ("systole"), discharging its content to the outside; 1 or many contractile vacuoles may occur; the number and position of contractile vacuoles in any species is constant under normal conditions.
		May be a lid or flap-like covering used to close the lorica of certain peritrichs or the retractable stalked epistomial disc present in operculariid peritrichs.
		Usually used to mean the complete oral area (peristomial field) of peritrichs and certain spirotrichs where the buccal ciliature has been everted from a cavity and occupies much of the anterior portion of the body.
	www.nies.go.jp /chiiki1/protoz/glossary/protozoa.htm (2469 words)

	2005 East Coast Protozoology Meeting, Part II
		Not surprisingly, two days after the hurricane a large number of telotroch (dispersal form) peritrichs were observed in coastal streams.
		James verified these observations experimentally by subjecting peritrich cultures to various artificial wave intensities and found a correlation between telotroch formation and increased wave intensity.
		The peritrich genus Zoothamnium is comprised of sessile ciliates that inhabit both marine and freshwater habitats and possess stalks which contract into a zig-zag.
	www.uga.edu /protozoa/artman/publish/article_24.shtml (947 words)

	ASLO 2003 - The Earth’s Eyes: Aquatic Sciences Through Space and Time
		Some species of peritrich epibionts are specific to living hosts, while others are able to colonize living and non-living substrates.
		Telotroch formation for peritrichs attached to both host species followed a similar pattern, starting two hours after host death with all zooids destalking within 7 hours.
		Lack of peritrich attachment to the walls of the experimental chamber suggests specific colonization of living substrates.
	www.sgmeet.com /aslo/slc2003/viewabstract2.asp?AbstractID=527&SessionID=CS39 (281 words)

	The wonderful world of microrganisms
		The peritrichs are sessile, which means they attach themselves to things (plants, aquatic animals, substrate..etc) with their stalk and basically live in one place.
		If the peritrich is bothered or irritated somehow, a muscle that runs down the length of the stalk contracts pulling the stalk down into a tight spiral.
		However, some species of the peritrichs, most commonly the epistylis are known to colonize on bacterial infections on fish, adding to the irritation.
	www.pavementgear.com /microsite/micro2.htm (568 words)

	A club's trip to Epping Forest
		If anyone has any idea what this is please mail me. Again, this is with phase contrast and about x400.
		This protozoan (below) was identified for me by Eric Hollowday as Campenella which is a sessile Peritrich and was taken using Nomarski interference which gives a 3D effect to the photograph.
		These animals hang on to the substratum by a stalk and use their cilia to draw particles of food (mainly bacteria) towards them.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artaug98/quekett.html (973 words)

	C
		see Locomotor Fringe; in a general way, the term is restricted to peritrichs, yet it is also used for any encircling band of somatic ciliature (e.g., as seen in Didinium-like gymnostomes).
		apical, peristomial lip in many sessiline peritrichs which circumscribes the retractable epistomial dise; it is equipped with a sphincter "muscle" (see Myoneme).
		apical, cytostome-bearing extremity of the body of certain haptorid gymnostomes; often set off by longer cilia from an extensible posteriorly adjacent neck; but the term is also sometimes used for the border membrane of mobiline peritrichs.
	www.peritrich.de /Ciliata/glossary/C.htm (2657 words)

	IB 119(1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Free-swimming trophonts of a sessiline peritrich ciliate were discovered in plankton samples from the Rhode River, Maryland, and main-stem Chesapeake Bay.
		Cultures revealed that the species comprises both free trophonts that swim with their peristomial cilia and sessile trophonts that attach to substrates with a contractile, helically-twisted stalk.
		Possession of a helically-twisted, contractile stalk placed the peritrich in the family Vorticellidae, but its unique combination of life-cycle stages marks it as a new genus and species, Planeticovorticella finleyi.
	www.umesci.maine.edu /ams/ib1191.htm (2476 words)

	High-speed video cinematographic demonstration of stalk and zooid contraction of Vorticella convallaria -- Moriyama et ...
		peritrich cilia, which hinders focusing on the full length of
		Amos, W. Structure and coiling of the stalk in the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Carchesium.
		Cinematographic analysis of the contraction of some peritrichs.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/74/1/487 (2093 words)

	Howard E. Buhse Jr \| UIC Department of Biological Sciences
		Because of their relative ease in handling and their abundant numbers, these cells are used as a model system for analysis of many basic research problems in biology.
		Currently, my laboratory group is investigating two problems using the contractile ciliated peritrich protozoan, Vorticella convallaria.
		The stalk of Vorticella contains a contractile organelle called the spasmoneme, which does not require ATP for contraction, but instead uses calcium.
	www.uic.edu /depts/bios/faculty/buhseh/buhseh.shtml (529 words)

	Welcome to the City of York, Pennsylvania - The First Capital of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a photograph of the anterior end of a "Water Bear" or Hypsibius sp.
		This is a photograph of a peritrich ciliate, probably Vorticella sp., using Phase Contrast with a blue filter.
		Continue on to the other parts of the tour...
	www.yorkcity.org /cityservices/wwtp/micro.htm (137 words)

	The Physiology of Contractile Vacuoles: V. The Effects of Short-Term Variations Of Temperature on a Fresh-Water ...
		The Physiology of Contractile Vacuoles: V. The Effects of Short-Term Variations Of Temperature on a Fresh-Water Peritrich Ciliate -- KITCHING 25 (4): 406 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		The Effects of Short-Term Variations Of Temperature on a Fresh-Water Peritrich Ciliate
		The rate of output of the contractile vacuole in a fresh-water
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/4/406 (249 words)

	Mag. Christian Rinke- Homepage
		The symbiosis between chemoautotrophic bacteria and marine invertebrates, with special focus on the symbioses of the marine peritrich cliate Zoothamnium niveum and its sulfur oxidizing ectosymbionts; as well as hot vent fauna and deep sea research in general.
		Research stay at the Marine Biological Station (Smithsonian Institution) on Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; in cooperation with Ao.
		Cruise on the RV Atlantis to 9°N East Pacific Rise, hydrothermal vents; in cooperation with Prof.
	www.univie.ac.at /marine-biology/staff-rinke.htm (594 words)

	General biology for adult Patella vulgata (Common limpet)
		Wide range of micro-organisms and algae, including Fucus spp., germlings, other algal sporelings and encrusting red algae.
		Supports Host for several species: the peritrich protozoon, Urceolaria patellae; the shell boring polychaete Polydora ciliata and the sponge Cliona celata.
		Females are generally larger although small females are occasionally found.
	www.marlin.ac.uk /species/adult_gen_Patellavulgata.htm (319 words)

	myself
		Matthes, Scheubel: Epistylis galea EHRENBERG, ein polymorphes Peritrich
		Scheubel: Ein vielseitiges peritriches Wimpertier: Epistylis galea - Gestalt und Polymorphismus
		Scheubel: Ein vielseitiges peritriches Wimpertier: Epistylis galea - Schwärmerbildung, Koloniegründung, Entwicklung
	www.peritrich.de /leblauf.htm (533 words)

	A virtual pond dip - organism page
		Where to find them : Attached to algae and plants etc.
		Notes : Vorticella are one of the peritrich protozoa.
		Although solitary, they often occur in groups to form a tiny jelly-like mass just visible to the naked eye.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /ponddip/vorticella.html (129 words)

	Session K1.6 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Matsudaira, Whitehead Institute and M.I.T. Force generation at the sub-cellular level occurs generally in one of two ways: by the continuous transduction of chemical energy (ATP hydrolysis) or the chemically mediated release of stored mechanical energy, as in the release of a spring.
		The latter is common in many invertebrates such as the acrosomal reaction of the Limulus sperm or in reversible stretching of the stalk of peritrich ciliates such as the Vorticella, first studied by Leeuwenhoek more than two centuries ago.
		In both these systems, motility is driven reversibly by divalent ions such as Ca
	lucy.mrs.org /meetings/fall97/abstract_book/K/node6.html (255 words)

	CBU - School of Sciences - Spotlight on Faculty
		Formal Education: Dr. Fitzgerald has a B.S. and M.S from the University of Memphis.
		Her M.S. thesis was Ultrastructure of the peritrich ciliate Ambiphrya ameiuri and its attachment to the gill of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus (J. Protozool., 29(2): 213, 1982).
		Ph.D. from the University of TN Health Science Center in the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology.
	www.cbu.edu /~jholmes/Sciences/SpotArchives/spotlightMF.html (799 words)

	Mag. Katz Sigrid - Homepage
		Studies of Zoology with main focus on Marine Biology, University of Vienna
		Field research on Zoothamnium sp., a peritrich Ciliate of the Mediterranean Sea, at STARESO (Marine Biology Station of the University of Líege, Belgium), Calvi, Corse.
		Field research on shallow hydrothermal vents in Dominica at ITME (Institute of Tropical Marine Research)
	www.univie.ac.at /marine-biology/staff-katz.htm (215 words)

	Visuals Unlimited Stock Photography
		This house is many times the organism's size and contains filters to capture nanoalgae.
		vu439684 - Carchesium are Peritrich Ciliates that form a stalked colony.
		vu439724 - Carchesium are Peritrich Ciliates that form a stalked colony, Protozoa.
	www.visualsunlimited.com /browse/vu439/dirpage.html (11848 words)

	Studium Chemie und Biologie: Skripte, Seminare, Versuchsdurchführungen
		Aquatische gram-negative schwefelfreie Purpurbakterien, peritrich begeißelt (nicht gesehen).
		Die Ketten von Zellen werden durch eine Scheide aus einem Heteropolysaccharid zusammengehalten; die Zellen können beweglich die Scheide verlassen, im Mikroskop waren aber nur Scheiden verschiedener Länge sichtbar.
		Fakultativ anaerobe gram-negative Stäbchen (Enterobacteriaceae), peritrich begeißelt; bildet blutrote Kolonien (Hostienpilz).
	www.niele.net /work/mikrobio.html (5451 words)

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