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Topic: Permanent Court of International Justice

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	Permanent Court of Arbitration - Encyclopedia.com
		English Court of Appeal (Civil Division) rules that English principle on nonjusticiability of international agreements does not apply where issue arises out of UNCITRAL arbitration expressly contemplated by investment agreement between U.S. and Ecuador.
		A century of arbitration: the International Court of Justice.
		Is the permanent war-crimes tribunal worthy of U.S. support?(pro and con arguments for an International Criminal Court)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-PermCrtA.html (653 words)

	worldcourts.com \| p.c.i.j. > documents > Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		The Permanent Court of International Justice shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from amongst persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.
		The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the League of Nations, in such a manner as shall be decided by the Assembly upon the proposal of the Council.
	www.worldcourts.com /pcij/eng/documents/1920.12.16_statute.htm (3908 words)

	The International Court of Justice - Survey of court practice, Judges of the court
		The International Court of Justice was established at the San Francisco Conference in 1945.
		The International Court, however, is a principal organ of the UN, so that all UN members automatically become parties to its statute, which, modeled on that of the Permanent Court, was adopted as an integral part of the Charter.
		The rules under which the court is constituted and by which it functions are laid down in the statute and detailed in rules adopted by the court itself.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /United-Nations/The-International-Court-of-Justice.html (290 words)

	World Court. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The protocol establishing it was adopted by the Assembly of the League in 1920 and ratified by the requisite number of states in 1921.
		Established at The Hague, the court was empowered to render judgments in disputes between states that were voluntarily submitted to it and to give advisory opinions in any matters referred to it by the Council or the Assembly of the League.
		In the course of its existence, the court rendered 32 judgments and 27 advisory opinions.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wo/WorldCrt.html (442 words)

	EISIL - Electronic Information System for International Law - Basic Sources
		Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		The Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) is the result of the creators' of the League of Nations desire to establish an independent court to resolve disputes between states as an alternative to war.
		The Court's fifteen judges and its procedures are governed by the Rules of the Court.
	www.eisil.org /index.php?sid=297648529&cat=789&t=sub_pages (955 words)

	The Avalon Project : Statute of the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945
		Statute of the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945 (1)
		The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
		CHAPTER I. The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required In their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are juris-consults of recognized competence in international law.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/decade/decad026.htm (4130 words)

	Politics: Analysis of International Law
		International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been granted international personality (status acknowledged by the international community).
		The rules of international law are of a normative character, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions.
		The Court's judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries.
	cyberessays.com /Politics/118.htm (1553 words)

	Permanent Court of the International Justice Overview
		The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) was established under Article XIV of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which called on the League of Nations Council to formulate plans for an international court designed to contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes.
		Technically speaking, the PCIJ was not an organ of the League of Nations, although the Court's existence was closely connected to the League.
		During the thirty-three year history of the PCIJ, the Court heard a total of 66 cases, the vast majority (50) between 1922-1932 during the heyday of the League of Nations.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/pcijoverview.htm (637 words)

	International Humanitarian Law - Monaco draft Convention 1934
		The preparation and the execution of defensive measures on the part of the civil population against risks of war are not violations of the present Convention.
		The responsibility of the State and of the particulars shall be judged, after appreciation, in the first instance by the internal justice, and in the last instance by the Permanent Court of International Justice.
		The assembly expresses the wish that the resolution of the Committee charged with the preparation of the draft of the statutes of the Permanent Court of International Justice (1920) aiming at the organization of an international jurisdiction with competency for the punishment of war crimes, may be complied with.
	www.icrc.org /IHL.NSF/FULL/315?OpenDocument (1864 words)

	UNHCR - Protocol for the Revision of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		UNHCR - Protocol for the Revision of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		Protocol for the Revision of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice
		The present protocol, of which the French and English texts are both authentic, shall be presented for signature to all the signatories of the Protocol of December 16th, 1920, to which the Statute of the Permanent Court Of International justice is annexed, and to the United States of America.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDLEGAL/40421edd4.html (302 words)

	eBooks.com - International Legal Argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice: The Rise of the ...
		International Legal Argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice: The Rise of the International Judiciary
		The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN, and successor of the PCIJ, which was the first real permanent court of justice at the international level.
		Drawing on archival material, this book describes the ground-breaking contributions of the PCIJ to international law.
	www.ebooks.com /ebooks/book_display.asp?IID=228172 (380 words)

	HRW: International Criminal Court
		At the end of the bloodiest century in human history, the international community adopted a treaty creating the world's first independent and permanent International Criminal Court.
		The International Criminal Court (ICC) is able to investigate and prosecute those individuals accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and crimes of war.
		International Justice for Women: The ICC Marks a New Era
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/icc (236 words)

	[No title]
		Article 23* The Court shall remain permanently in session except during the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court.
		In Labour cases, the International Office shall be at liberty to furnish the Court with all relevant information, and for this purpose the Director of that Office shall receive copies of all the written proceedings.
		Article 33 The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the League of Nations, in such a manner as shall be decided by the Assembly upon the proposal of the Council.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /multi/texts/historical/PCIJ-STATUTE.txt (3930 words)

	International
		A steady flow of international visiting faculty, scholars and speakers enrich the life of the school, as does its acclaimed library, which hosts Web sites and bound collections of international importance.
		An early faculty member, Charles Evans Hughes, became a judge on the Permanent Court of International Justice, and later Governor of New York, U.S. Secretary of State, Associate Justice, and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
		In 2001, the Clarke Center for International and Comparative Legal Studies was created, with the generous support and vision of Jack G. Clarke ’52 and Dorothea Clarke, who also have endowed three professorial chairs, as well as East Asian and Middle Eastern programs.
	www.lawschool.cornell.edu /international (518 words)

	International Legal Argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice ~ eBookMall ~ eBook
		This book analyses the ground-breaking contribution of the Permanent Court to international law, both in terms of judicial technique and the development of legal principle.
		The book draws on hitherto unpublished archival material left by judges and other persons involved in the work of the Permanent Court, giving fascinating insights into many of its most important decisions and the individuals who made them (Huber, Anzilotti, Moore, Hammerskj÷ld and others).
		At the same time it examines international legal argument in the Permanent Court, basing its approach on a developed model of international legal argument that stresses the intimate relationships between international and national lawyers and between international and national law.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebooks/international-legal-argument-in-the-permanent-court-of-international-justice-spiermann-ebooks.htm (215 words)

	Permanent Court of International Justice — FactMonster.com
		World Court - World Court World Court, popular name of the Permanent Court of International Justice, established...
		John Bassett Moore - Moore, John Bassett Moore, John Bassett, 1860–1947, American authority on international law,...
		League of Nations: The Covenant: The Basis of the League - The Covenant: The Basis of the League At the close of World War I, such prominent figures as Jan...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0917361.html (131 words)

	The Permanent Court - TIME
		By a vote of 49 to 24 the Senate on the next to last day of its session declined to consider for the present President Harding's proposal that the United States adhere to the Permanent Court of International Justice established by the League of Nations.
		It did provide that we should vote with members of the League to elect judges of the Court, that we should pay our share of the Court's expenses, that we could ask the Court to function on our affairs, when we preferred, that we could abide by its decisions, if we preferred—no more.
		The President, although he had two years in which to present the proposal, did not do so until a week before the closing of Congress.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,846383,00.html (435 words)

	Web site of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In light of the establishment of the Permanent Secretariat of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute (by resolution ICC-ASP/2/Res.3, adopted at the second session of the Assembly on 12 September 2003), the United Nations Secretariat will cease to serve as the Secretariat of the Assembly on 31 December 2003.
		Ratification status of the Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Court (English) (French)
		Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998
	www.un.org /law/icc (294 words)

	Human Rights First \| International Justice - International Criminal Court
		The ICC is a permanent court to investigate and bring to justice individuals who commit the most serious crimes of international concern.
		Court personnel reflect the geographical and legal diversity of the member countries.
		On September 10, 2002, the ASP adopted documents including the Rules of Procedure and Evidence and the Elements of Crimes, the Relationship Agreement between the UN and the Court, the Financial Regulations of the Court, and the Agreement on Privileges and Immunities.
	www.humanrightsfirst.org /international_justice/icc/icc.htm (992 words)

	Project on International Courts and Tribunals
		Any treatise of international courts and tribunals and dispute-settlement procedures inevitably start with an exposé of the World Court as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and its predecessor, the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), are collectively called.
		A straightforward explanation for the World Court's prominence in the 20th century's international judiciary might be that, at least until the beginning of the 1950s, it had no rivals.
		The Court's advisory procedure is modeled on that of contentious proceedings, and the sources of applicable law are the same.
	www.pict-pcti.org /courts/ICJ.html (842 words)

	International Court of Justice in The Hague
		The International Court of Justice in The Hague
		It was not a court in the conventional sense, but was composed of experts in public international law appointed by the governments of the participating states.
		The International Court of Justice in The Hague is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (as laid down in Article 92 et seq.
	www.liechtenstein-icj-case.de /en_fall/82.html (967 words)

	Protocol of Signature of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice [1921] ATS 5
		Protocol of Signature of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice [1921] ATS 5
		This Court shall be in addition to the Court of Arbitration organised by the Conventions of The Hague of 1899 and 1907, and to the special Tribunals of Arbitration to which States are always at liberty to submit their disputes for settlement.
		The Permanent Court of International Justice shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from amongst persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognised competence in international law.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/other/dfat/treaties/1921/5.html (4052 words)

	Diamond Law Library. International Court of Justice. Research Guide.
		Published by Kluwer Law International, this is a concise overview of the role of the ICJ within the international community, and especially of its function of dispensing both advisory and contentious adjudication.
		Although a state does not need to be a member of the UN to bring a case before the court, if it chooses to bring such a case it must comply with the decision of the Court and accept all the obligations of a member.
		Renata Szafarz Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice
	library.law.columbia.edu /ICJ/ICJ_Guide.htm (2144 words)

	World Court
		The Permanent Court of International Justice, commonly known as the World Court, was first proposed during discussions involving the Treaty of Versailles as an effective replacement for the ineffective Hague Tribunal.
		The 1940 German invasion of the Netherlands so dramatically limited the court's actions that it lay dormant until 1946, when it was reorganized as the International Court of Justice of the United Nations.
		FDR supported the court throughout the 1920s and as a presidential candidate; however, he did not allow Democratic senators to push for the court until late 1934.
	www.gwu.edu /~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/world-court.cfm (485 words)

	Permanent International Peace Bureau - History of Organization
		The International Peace Bureau (IPB) was founded as a result of the third Universal Peace Congress in Rome, 1891, with Fredrik Bajer one of its principal founders and its first president.
		Shortly afterwards, ILCOP readopted the name International Peace Bureau which now stands for the international organization as such and for its secretariat in Geneva; administration of its funds was transferred to the newly established Foundation ILCOP which has the character and function of a legal body under Swiss law.
		It still makes the organization of international conferences the core of its activity, but such conferences are now more «working parties or seminars» than congresses, and they concentrate on the different aspects of one specific subject or project rather than trying to give a general survey of all problems, as former conferences normally did.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1910/peace-bureau-history.html (1161 words)

	The Lotus
		For, the Court having obtained cognizance of the present case by notification of a special agreement concluded between the Parties in the case, it is rather to the terms of this agreement than to the submissions of the Parties that the Court must have recourse in establishing the precise points which it has to decide.
		Neither the conformity of Article 6 in itself with the principles of international law nor the application of that article by the Turkish authorities constitutes the point at issue; it is the very fact of the institution of proceedings which is held by France to be contrary to those principles.
		Without pausing to consider the value to be attributed to the judgments of municipal courts in connection with the establishment of the existence of a rule of international law, it will suffice to observe that the decisions quoted sometimes support one view and sometimes the other.
	www.law.nyu.edu /kingsburyb/fall01/intl_law/PROTECTED/unit5/ss_lotus_edit.htm (2269 words)

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