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	Permanent Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Permanent Revolution is a Marxist theory most closely associated with Leon Trotsky, devised as an explanation of how socialist revolutions could occur in societies that had not achieved advanced capitalism.
		Trotsky's conception of Permanent Revolution is based on his understanding, drawing on the work of fellow Russian Alexander Parvus, that in 'backward' countries the tasks of the Bourgeois Democratic Revolution could not be achieved by the bourgeoisie itself.
		The question of the Chinese revolution and the subjection of the Communist Party of China to control by the Guomindang at the behest of the Russian Communist Party was a topic of argument within the opposition to Stalin in the Russian Communist Party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Permanent_Revolution (1422 words)

	::Permanent Revolution::
		Permanent Revolution came about when Leon Trotsky questioned the beliefs of Karl Marx, believing that he had viewed the west of Europe as being the only area capable of sustaining a revolution at the expense of Russia.
		Permanent Revolution also believed that Russia would be capable of spearheading a revolution because of the weakness of the middle class.
		Permanent Revolution believed that their revolution would receive the support of the peasants as long as they could see that their lives would improve after the industrial workers had pushed ahead with their revolution.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /permanent_revolution.htm (417 words)

	Youth for International Socialism
		Thus the revolution is "permanent" in two senses: because it starts with the bourgeois tasks and continues with the socialist ones, and because it starts in one country and continues at an international level.
		It basically states that, since the tasks of the revolution are those of the national democratic bourgeois revolution, the leadership of the revolution must be taken by the national democratic bourgeoisie.
		The correctness of the permanent revolution was triumphantly demonstrated by the October Revolution itself.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/theory/faq/what_is_permanent_rev.asp (1240 words)

	Trotsky - Permanent Revolution
		That the agrarian revolution, and consequently, the general democratic revolution also, could be realised only by the united forces of the workers and the peasants in struggle against the liberal bourgeoisie, was for me, contrary to all the senseless fairy tales of recent years, beyond any doubt.
		The concept of the permanent revolution was advanced by the great Communists of the middle of the nineteenth century, Marx and his co-thinkers, in opposition to the democratic ideology which, as we know, claims that with the establishment of a 'rational' or democratic state all questions can be solved peacefully by reformist or evolutionary measures.
		The permanent revolution is no isolated leap of the proletariat; rather it is the rebuilding of the whole nation under the leadership of the proletariat.
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~dwharram/trotsky&luxemburg/1931.permanent_revolution.html (18168 words)

	::Permanent Revolution::
		Permanent Revolution was Leon Trotsky's belief for the future of world communism.
		Permanent Revolution, as a belief, was also to bring Trotsky into direct conflict with Joseph Stalin after the death of Lenin in January 1924.
		Permanent Revolution, in the eyes of Trotsky, was a world where somewhere a communist revolution was taking place and the old order was being overthrown, bringing in government by the people.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /permanent_revolution1.htm (237 words)

	Trotsky: Permanent Revolution? Basic Postulates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This in turn means that the victory of the democratic revolution is conceivable only through the dictatorship of the proletariat which bases itself upon the alliance with the peasantry and solves first of all the tasks of the democratic revolution.
		Therein lies the permanent character of the socialist revolution as such, regardless of whether it is a backward country that is involved, which only yesterday accomplished its democratic revolution, or an old capitalist country which already has behind it a long epoch of democracy and parliamentarism.
		The question of the programme is in turn inseparable from the question of the two mutually exclusive theories: the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of socialism in one country.
	home.mira.net /~andy/bs/1924lt.htm (1679 words)

	Permanent revolution after Trotsky \| Workers' Liberty
		Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution was one of the most important of his contributions to Marxism, but it has become one of the most vulgarised aspects of his legacy.
		The issue of 'permanent revolution' was thereafter a dead letter until the Stalinists revived it as part of their campaign against 'Trotskyism'.
		To argue that 'permanent revolution' is not relevant in these cases is not, of course, to advocate a resurrection of the old Menshevik/Stalinist policy of 'two stage revolution'.
	www.workersliberty.org /node/3142 (3376 words)

	What is the permanent revolution? 1928
		No matter what the first episodic stages of the revolution may be in the individual countries, the realization of the revolutionary alliance between the proletariat and the peasantry is conceivable only under the political leadership of the proletarian vanguard, organized in the Communist Party.
		The above-outlined sketch of the development of the world revolution eliminates the question of countries that are 'mature' or 'immature' for socialism in the spirit of that pedantic, lifeless classification given by the present programme of the Comintern.
		This theory imposes upon revolutions in backward countries the task of establishing an unrealizable regime of democratic dictatorship, which it counterposes to the dictatorship of the proletariat.
	www.internationalist.org /whatis.html (1682 words)

	Permanent Revolution in the U.S. Today
		Should the European and colonial revolutions, now on the agenda of the day, precede in point of time the culmination of the struggle of the U.S., they would immediately be confronted with the necessity of defending their conquests against the economic and military assaults of the American imperialist monster.
		It is indeed true that revolutions elsewhere shake the foundations of the metropolis, which rests on neocolonial subjugation and the containment of the deformed and degenerated workers' states.
		The SWP's rejection of Permanent Revolution and the resurrection of the Menshevik/Stalinist theory of revolution in stages is the repudiation of both the American Revolution and the living world revolution.
	www.socialism.com /library/perm1.html (10352 words)

	Permanent Revolution Charter
		The socialist revolution begins on the national arena, it unfolds on the international arena, and is completed on the world arena.
		Thus, the socialist revolution becomes a permanent revolution in a newer and broader sense of the word; it attains completion, only in the final victory of the new society on our entire planet.
		Permanent Revolution: to allow the discussion, the joint work and the fusion between internationalists, to help for the intervention in class struggle to keep the program alive and to build organisations in all countries, along with a delimitation with reformism and centrism.
	www.revolution-socialiste.info /Charteenglish.htm (2177 words)

	The strategy of permanent revolution
		It was this which led Marx to put forward the "battle cry" of permanent revolution, a stern warning on the need for the working class to organise itself sepaately from the bourgeoisie and to prepare to fight on its own behalf to complete the struggle for democratic rights and for its own power.
		In the fight to take forward the uninterrupted, "permanent" revolution, and in the fight to mobilise armed bodies of workers as part of a dual power challenge to the Provisional Government, Lenin was therefore building on the actual situation in Russia and on the Marxist tradition and the lessons of the 1848 revolutions.
		In the aftermath of the successful Russian Revolution, Trotsky began consciously to work through these lessons and to spell out the necessity for the Communist International and Communist Parties to learn them too, and fight for the dictatorship of the proletariat as the only means to complete the democratic revolution.
	www.labournet.net /so/18permrev.html (1586 words)

	Idaho Observer: The Permanent Revolution
		Failure to consider the concept of the Permanent Revolution is to hold an incorrect image of the world and to misunderstand where the global elite intend to take the 6 billion people of planet Earth.
		The Permanent Revolution is the continual process of War, Revolution, and Terror intended to facilitate the global proliferation of a specific and unified Anglo/British Capitalism based on the precepts of the Fabian Society (founded in the mid 1880s).
		The Theory of Permanent Revolution is not to be confused with the wide variety of Conspiracy Theories that have persisted during the 20th Century into the present one.
	proliberty.com /observer/20030115.htm (1706 words)

	Trotsky Dossier - The relevance of permanent revolution
		The term ’permanent revolution’ seems to have been inspired in Trotsky by an article by Franz Mehring in the Neue Zeit in November 1905; but the sense attributed to it by the German socialist writer was very much less radical and vaguer than that it received in the writings of the Russian revolutionary.
		The radical novelty of the theory of permanent revolution was situated less in its definition of the class nature of the future Russian revolution than in its conception of its historic tasks.
		In the book Permanent revolution (1928) Trotsky for the first time presented his theses on the dynamic of the social revolution in the colonial and semi-colonial countries (to employ the terminology of the time) in a systematic manner, as a theory which was valid on the world scale.
	www.internationalviewpoint.org /article.php3?id_article=353 (3084 words)

	Socialist Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Revolution vs. Reform - We believe that the state and all of its institutions are instruments of the ruling class, and that therefore they cannot be used as tools of the working class, but have to be smashed.
		It should also be said that while we support the tactic of the united front, we are opposed to popular fronts – multi-class alliances that subordinate the interests of workers to that of a wing of the capitalist class.
		Permanent Revolution - This famous theory by Leon Trotsky holds that revolution in modern times, even in under-developed countries, has to be led by the working class and has to be a fully fledged socialist revolution – revolution cannot go through stages and cannot be made in alliance with any wing of the capitalist class.
	www.socialistaction.org /aboutus.htm (1174 words)

	VENEZUELA: WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY PERMANENT WORLD REVOLUTION? : IMC-SA
		Marx evolved his theory of revolution in the years 1840-1844, and it was intended to be a program for the bourgeois-democratic revolution, then overdue in Germany.
		This Marxian postulation of permanency for the proletarian or workers' revolution...
		In their opinion a socialist revolution would not be feasible in Russia, given its uneven development, since a highly developed capitalism would be the necessary pre-condition for any revolution.
	southafrica.indymedia.org /print.php?id=7337 (1742 words)

	Permanent Revolution today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As long as the bourgeois democratic revolution was not completed, the Bolsheviks argued, the poor peasants would remain united with the peasant bourgeoisie in the struggle against the landlords and would not see their problems stemmed not only from the vestiges of feudalism in Russia (the autocracy and landlordism) but also from capitalism.
		Against the Menshevik notion of subordinating the revolution to the liberal bourgeoisie, Lenin and the Bolsheviks developed the idea that the democratic revolution would be led by the workers and peasants against the resistance of the bourgeoisie itself.
		We admit that there are weaknesses in the permanent revolution theory, stemming from the ambiguities involved in the notions of "bourgeois democratic" and "national democratic" revolutions.
	www.dsp.org.au /links/back/issue16/Hearse.html (7145 words)

	Leon Trotsky: Permanent Revolution: Permanent Revolution Index Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The theory of permanent revolution was first formulated in the wake of the 1905 Russian Revolution as an attempt to explain what class would need to lead the coming revolution in Russia.
		Some 24 years later, The Permanent Revolution (1929) was written in response to an attack on the the theory by Karl Radek, a Soviet journalist and former Left Opposition member who advocated Stalin’s theory of "socialism in one country".
		The Permanent Revolution is Not a ‘Leap by the Proletariat, but the Reconstruction of the Nation under leadership of the Proletariat.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1931-tpv/index.htm (574 words)

	Trotskyism since Trotsky: Permanent Revolution
		Trotsky argued that the working class, even though small, would have to make the revolution "permanent." To overthrow the Czar it would have to not establish the dominance of the capitalists, as in England and France, but rather establish the dominance of the workers.
		The revolution would have to be permanent in another sense, then, it would have to spread to Germany, France, Britain and the rest of the advanced countries.
		The theory of deflected permanent revolution was necessary to explain events after World War Two when the working class could not take centre stage.
	www.web.net /sworker/En/SW1999/313-09-deflected.html (1677 words)

	Chris Bambery: Permanent Revolution (1983/86)
		To attempt to create a socialist revolution in a country where the working class was in a minority was wildly utopian.
		After the 1905 revolution had failed, the Mensheviks blamed the workers for turning the capitalists against it by being too “excessive” in their actions.
		Trotsky’s theory, the theory of Permanent Revolution as it became known, was brilliantly vindicated by the events of the 1917 Russian Revolution.
	www.marxists.de /theory/modworld/permrev.htm (1545 words)

	Leon Trotsky: Permanent Revolution: 1931-WHAT IS THE PERMANENT REVOLUTION? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		No matter what the first episodic stages of the revolution may be in the individual countries, the realization of the revolutionary alliance between the proletariat and the peasantry is conceivable only under the political leadership of the proletariat vanguard, organized in the Communist Party.
		lnsofar as this slogan is counterposed to the slogan of the dictatorship of the proletariat, it contributes politically to the dissolution of the proletariat in the petty-bourgeois masses and thus creates the most favourable conditions for the hegemony of the national bourgeoisie and consequently for the collapse of the democratic revolution.
		The above-outlined sketch of the development of the world revolution eliminates the question of countries that are ‘mature’ or ‘immature’ for socialism in the spirit of that pedantic, lifeless classification given by the present programme of the Comintem.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1931-tpv/pr10.htm (1622 words)

	Permanent Revolution
		Our revolution is not a revolution made by labor unions or wage workers in the city or by labor parties, or by anything like that(22)...
		In the same way as the 1905 and 1917 revolutions in Russia and that of 1925-27 in China were classic demonstrations of Trotsky's theory, Mao's and Castro's rise to power are classic, the purest, and most extreme, demonstrations of 'Deflected Permanent Revolution' Other colonial revolutions-Ghana, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Algeria etc-are deviations from the norm.
		The coming revolution will be a revolution of the bourgeoisie; and that means that...it will only, to a greater or lesser extent, secure the rule of all or some of the bourgeois classes...
	www.anu.edu.au /polsci/marx/contemp/pamsetc/permrev/permrev.html (6179 words)

	Declaration of the Permanent Revolution Faction
		In order to attack the IG on the question of permanent revolution, and to stigmatize it with denying this theory, the international leadership had to reheat some old Stalinist-Menshevik dishes, declaring that in Mexico and all of Latin America the proletariat and peasantry must fight against remnants of feudalism in the countryside.
		The leadership of the ICL waged a campaign for a whole year claiming that the IG had renounced permanent revolution, when in reality it was the ICL which had reinterpreted the permanent revolution in saying that it depended on there being remnants of feudalism.
		Denying the existence of this Cárdenas popular front was in fact a refusal to fight the bourgeois nationalists and their shills on the left, and a refusal to struggle to tear the leadership of the working class and the oppressed masses away from them.
	www.internationalist.org /permrevfac.html (2507 words)

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