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Topic: Permian tetrapods

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Tetrapod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Early tetrapods most likely had a three-chambered heart, as do modern amphibians and reptiles, in which oxygenated blood from the lungs and de-oxygenated blood from the respiring tissues enters by separate atria, and is directed via a spiral valve to the appropriate vessel—aorta for oxygenated blood and pulmonary vein for deoxygenated blood. The universal tetrapod characteristics of front limbs that bend backward at the elbow and hind limbs that bend forward at the knee can plausibly be traced to early tetrapods living in shallow water. Since amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals are all tetrapods, and even birds and snakes are tetrapods by descent, the term is only really useful in describing the earliest tetrapods, which radiated from the Sarcopterygii, or "lobe-finned" fishes, into air-breathing amphibians in the Devonian period. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tetrapod   (4640 words)

Tetrapod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Since amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals are all tetrapods, and even birds and snakes are tetrapods by descent, the term is only really useful in describing the earliest tetrapods, which radiated from the Sarcopterygii, or "lobe-finned" fishes, into air-breathing amphibians in the Devonian period. Most tetrapods today are terrestrial, at least in their adult forms, but some species, such as the axolotl, remain aquatic. In the Permian period, as the separate tetrapod lineages each developed in their own way, the term "tetrapoda" becomes less useful. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tetrapod   (3465 words)

A procynosuchid cynodont from central Europe Its presence supports a latest Permian (Tatarian) age for the European Zechstein and, together with other tetrapods common to Europe and Africa/Madagascar, indicates a wide distribution of Late Permian terrestrial vertebrates. This cynodont mammal-like reptile has previously only been known from the uppermost Permian of sub-Saharan Africa We report here the discovery of an incomplete left dentary of Procynosuchus from a fissure-filling in limestones, the so-called Randkalk, of the lower Zechstein in the Fisseler quarry, 1 km south of Korbach, northern Hessen (West Germany). www.nature.com /nature/journal/v331/n6156/abs/331523a0.html   (277 words)

Wikipedia: Tetrapod The universal tetrapod characters of front limbs that bend backward at the elbow and hind limbs that bend forward at the knee can plausibly be traced to early tetrapods living in shallow water. Most tetrapods today are land-dwelling, at least in their adult forms, but some species, such as the axolotl, remain aquatic. In the Permian period the term 'tetrapoda' becomes less useful, as the separate tetrapod lineages each developed in their own way. www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/t/te/tetrapod.html   (714 words)

CMNH Vertebrate Paleontology: David S Berman Biostratigraphic correlations between the Lower Permian of North America and central Europe using the first record of an assemblage of terrestrial tetrapods from Germany. Berman, D. S, Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. and Martens, T. Redescription of Seymouria sanjuanensis (Seymouriomorpha) from the Lower Permian of Germany based on complete, mature specimens with a discussion of paleoecology of Bromacker locality assemblage. Reisz, R. R., and Berman, D. The skull of Mesenosaurus romeri, a small varanopseid (Synapsida: Eupelycosauria) from the Upper Permian of the Mezen River Basin, northern Russia. www.carnegiemnh.org /vp/cv/berman.htm   (338 words)

Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Biostratigraphic correlations between the Lower Permian of North America and central Europe using the first record of an assemblage of terrestrial tetrapods from Germany. Amniotes and their near relatives from the Paleozoic of southeastern Utah with comments on Lower Permian biogeography. My research focuses on the structure, function, and evolution of fossil animals near the amphibian to amniote transition; animals that are found in sediments of late Pennsylvanian and early Permian age (approximately 270 to 300 million years old) -- animals nearly 100 million years older than the earliest known dinosaurs. biology.csusb.edu /sumida.htm   (504 words)

Fossil groups, amphibia, fossil record 1. Eryops was a temnospondyl from the Early Permian of North America. Eryops was about 2 m long and was the top carnivore, eating fish and small tetrapods. A group of aquatic early amphibians from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Amphibia/fossilrecord.html   (685 words)

Benton Mass extinctions in the fossil record of late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tetrapods. First record of footprints of terrestrial vertebrates from the Upper Permian of the Cis-Urals, Russia. Mass extinctions among tetrapods and the quality of the fossil record. www.palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /personnel/benton/Benton.html   (685 words)

Articles - Dino Hunter Steyer, J. S., Damiani, R., and Jalil, N.-E., 2005, Pangean tetrapod project: nonmarine Permian tetrapods are testing the face of Pangea: In: The Nonmarine Permian; edited by Lucas, S. G., and Zeigler, K. E., New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 30, p. Nesbitt, S. The tetrapod fauna of the Moenkopi Formation in northern Arizona: In: Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology, and History, edited by Nesbitt, S. J., Parker, W. G., and Irmis, R. B., Mesa Southwest Museum, Bulletin no. 9, p. Nesbitt, S. J., 2005, The tetrapod fauna of the Moenkopi Formation in northern Arizona: In: Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology, and History, edited by Nesbitt, S. J., Parker, W. G., and Irmis, R. B., Mesa Southwest Museum, Bulletin no. 9, p. www.dinohunter.info /html/articles.htm   (12490 words)

DID END-PERMIAN TETRAPODS GASP THEIR LAST BREATHS? TESTING HYPOXIA AS AN EXTINCTION MECHANISM WITH DICYNODONT THERAPSIDS (SYNAPSIDA) Dicynodont therapsids are abundant and well-studied Late Permian and Early Triassic tetrapods. Furthermore, they cited several morphological features that characterize the surviving tetrapods, including barrel chests and greater separation of the mouth and nasal cavities, as evidence of selection for increased respiratory efficiency that is consistent with their scenario. Because at least two major Permian lineages survived into the Triassic, the clade provides an ideal natural test of whether selection for increased respiratory efficiency occurred. gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_75923.htm   (397 words)

Introduction to Anapsida The geographic origin of Anapsida has not yet been determined because the fossil record of Paleozoic tetrapods is too poor and localized, but the oldest known anapsid comes from the Lower Permian of North America. By the Upper Permian, anapsids are also known from Europe, Asia, and Africa. The clade Anapsida includes turtles and all their extinct relatives, which include millerettids, procolophonoids, pareiasaurs, as well as more poorly known taxa such as Acleistorhinus, lanthanosuchids, and nyctiphruretians. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /anapsids/anapsida.html   (224 words)

EarthNet Hence, the unconformity at Rainy Cove represents a significant chunk of geological time, a gap that extends from the age of early tetrapods ("amphibians") to the age of dinosaurs (or almost), and across the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, the most devastating of all time. As we proceed along the beach, the unconformity dips to the north and eventually is lost to view underground, and the cliffs and beach outcrops at the end of the Cove are all composed of Wolfville Formation rocks. At the top of the cliff, these rocks are "unconformably" overlain by gently sloping red rocks of the Wolfville Formation of the Fundy Group (Fig 6). earthnet.bio.ns.ca /vft/ns/rainycove/unconformity_e.php   (224 words)

Secondary Adaptation of tetrapods to Life in Water Since the Early Triassic (or even the latest stages of the Permian), up to present times, this process involved hundreds of species of reptiles, mammals and birds. Paul F. BRODIE and Arvid J. PÅSCHE: Body temperature variation in grey and harbour seals (Halichoerus grypus and Phoca vitulina), based upon post-mortem measurements of young and adult animals Paul F. BRODIE and Arvid J. PÅSCHE: The mechanics of cetacean respiration: the significance of rapid gas exchanges in a selectively tuned system, with emphasis on the rorquals (Balaenoptera sp.) www.pfeil-verlag.de /04biol/d2_88d.html   (760 words)

Palaeos Vertebrates 160.100 Temnospondyli Like most Carboniferous and Permian tetrapods, Eryops is a cipher. Actually, the intercentrum of Eryops is not all that well developed, even compared to Ichthyostega. Nevertheless, Eryops is the archetype around which the idea of a temnospondyl revolves. www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/160Temnospondyli/100.html   (2099 words)

Major Events in the History of Life Keywords: evolution, metazoan radiation, Ediacaran, Cambrian, Embryophyta, tetrapods, Permian, extinction, dinosaurs, angiosperms, mammals, humans This page provides a high level review of some of the main threads of the evolution of plants and animals, from the origin of life to the present day. Acknowledgement: This page owes both its inspiration and title to the excellent book edited by J.W. Schopf. www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/MaiLinEvo.html   (2099 words)

Lecture 9 - Tetrapods DURING THE CARBONIFEROUS AND THE PERMIAN THE BASIC GROUPS OF TETRAPODS EVOLVED THAT WOULD POPULATE THE POST-PALEOZOIC WORLD. Cladistically, of course, tetrapods and us are in fact fish, but I will use quotes to denote informal use of a familiar, although paraphyletic, group. They evolved from Sarcopterygian fish, living members of which include the coelacanth Latimeria (also see this www page) and the lungfish Protopterus (Africa), Lepidosiren (South America) and Neoceratodus (Australia). www.ldeo.columbia.edu /dees/courses/v1001/permtrias8.html   (1554 words)

Biology 356 It has been suggested (Romer, 1957) that the sarcopterygian ancestors of tetrapods had acquired limbs to move from pond to pond in the dry season. The various groups of stereospondyls evolved (independently) from different groups of Permian Temnospondyls, making it a paraphyletic taxon. Feel free to send comments and questions about this web site, the BIO 356 course, or life in general to Corwin Sullivan. www.erin.utoronto.ca /~w3bio356/lectures/temno.html   (1554 words)

Supplementary information Permian tetrapods from the Sahara show climate-controlled endemism in Pangaea : Nature Permian tetrapods from the Sahara show climate-controlled endemism in Pangaea This file contains the list of characters used in the cladistic analysis of temnospondyl relationships, and the corresponding character-taxon data matrix. Christian A. Sidor, F. Robin O'Keefe, Ross Damiani, J. Sébastien Steyer, Roger M. Smith, Hans C. Larsson, Paul C. Sereno, Oumarou Ide and Abdoulaye Maga www.nature.com /nature/journal/v434/n7035/suppinfo/nature03393.html   (1554 words)

ANNOTATIONS 17(2) This paper reviews the end-Permian extinction event, which is considered to be the largest known extinction in earth history. Significant extinctions also occurred among terrestrial plants and tetrapods, especially in amphibians. Another conclusion is that a sudden mass extinction would appear gradual stratigraphically, but the extinction event might be identifiable from the pattern of the distributions of stratigraphic last appearance and stratigraphic abundance. www.grisda.org /origins/17066.htm   (2179 words)

karoo.txt Unlike Pareisauria, this group of animals was quite diverse, and therefore will be broken down and spoken about individually: Dinocephalia The Dinocephalians are the largest therapsids of the upper Permian and the first large tetrapods to walk on land. The total extinction of the Dinocephalia, at the end of the Tapinocephalus zone, is one example. The temporal fenestra is larger than with the Dinocephalia, and the Dicynodonts had very short jaws. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mesozoic/triassic/karoo.txt   (2612 words)

Geologia al sud delle alpi - Geologia Insubrica New Permian tetrapods trackways and isolated footprints coming from Inferno Valley (Valtellina-Lombardy) are studied. The footprints, defined by reptiles recovered in the Collio Formation sediments, are classified as Amphisauropus latus HAUBOLD, 1970, Amphisauropus imminutus HAUBOLD, 1970, Varanopus curvidactylus MOODIE, 1929 and Dromopus lacertoides (GEINITZ, 1861). www.geologia-insubrica.com /cont992i.htm   (2612 words)

Introduction to the Pelycosaurs The "pelycosaurs" are members of the Synapsida, a major branch of the Amniota, or egg-laying tetrapods. Pelycosaurs first appeared during the upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian) and went extinct by the end of the Permian. Pelycosaurs are the earliest, most primitive synapsids, a group characterized by a single dermal opening in the skull permitting muscle attachment to the jaw. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /synapsids/pelycosaurs.html   (1258 words)

Benton Difficulty in identifying mass extinctions amopng tetrapods (Late Permian-Early Jurassic). Reptiles from the Upper Kimmeridge Clay (Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic) of the vicinity of Egmont Bight. Early radiation of the neoselachian sharks in western Europe. palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /personnel/benton/Benton.html   (5375 words)

Fossil References by Author Trackways of gregarious tetrapods in a walchian forest from the Permo-Carboniferous of Nova Scotia; Ichnofacies and Ichnotaxonomy of the Terrestrial Permian. Milner, A.R. A revision of the temnospondyl amphibians from the Upper Carboniferous of Joggins, Nova Scotia. Pickerill, R.K. Bergaueria perata Prantl, 1945 from the Silurian of Cape George, Nova Scotia. museum.gov.ns.ca /fossils/refs/alpha.htm   (4586 words)

Brule Trackways Preserved in the rock at their feet were the trackways of ancient tetrapods (four-legged animals). These animals walked across the soft mud and silt of Nova Scotia approximately 290 million years ago at the beginning of the Permian Period. I was hooked!" Howard is now involved in the investigation of the site, led by Nova Scotia Museum Research Associate John Calder. www.virtualmuseum.ca /~traces/english/sections/sites/brule.html   (4586 words)

Introduction to the Dipnoi Lungfish are believed to be the closest living relatives of the tetrapods, and share a number of important characteristics with them. Fossilized lungfish burrows of Gnathorhiza have been found in rocks as old as the Permian, with the lungfish still inside, and older (empty) burrows are known from the Carboniferous and Devonian. The Dipnoi are a group of sarcopterygiian fish, are are commonly known as the lungfish. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/sarco/dipnoi.html   (439 words)

Introduction to the Dipnoi Lungfish are believed to be the closest living relatives of the tetrapods, and share a number of important characteristics with them. Fossilized lungfish burrows of Gnathorhiza have been found in rocks as old as the Permian, with the lungfish still inside, and older (empty) burrows are known from the Carboniferous and Devonian. The Dipnoi are a group of sarcopterygiian fish, are are commonly known as the lungfish. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/sarco/dipnoi.html   (439 words)

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