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In the News (Fri 18 Dec 09)

  
 Permian-Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Permian-Triassic (P-T or PT) extinction event, sometimes informally called the Great Dying, was an extinction event that occurred approximately 251.0 million years ago (mya), forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods.
Organisms throughout the world, regardless of habitat, suffered similar rates of extinction, suggesting that the cause of the event was a global, not local, occurrence, and that it was a sudden event, not a gradual change.
Many theories have been presented for the cause of the extinction, including plate tectonics, an impact event, a supernova, extreme volcanism, the release of frozen methane hydrate from the ocean beds to cause a greenhouse effect, or some combination of factors.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Permian-Triassic_extinction_event   (2050 words)

  
 The Permo-Triassic Extinction
Tempo of the end-Permian event: high-resolution cyclostratigraphy at the Permian-Triassic boundary.
Like the end-Permian, both events are associated with warming, marine anoxia, major carbon isotope excursions, and the preferential extinction of benthic marine organisms (Wignall, 2001).
Biotic mass extinction and biotic alteration at the Permian-Triassic boundary.
www.geocities.com /earthhistory/permo.htm   (6257 words)

  
 What are Extinction Events?
Although the KT event is the most well known extinction event, it is nearly insignificant compared to the Permian-Triassic extinction event of 252 mya.
Extinction events, or extinction-level events (ELE), are caused by global environmental disruptions that result in large percentages of marine and terrestrial species dying out.
This extinction event is thought to have similar causations as the previous event, with massive volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) leading to possible methane gasification.
www.wisegeek.com /what-are-extinction-events.htm   (736 words)

  
 Permian - Psychology Central
The Permian was named in the 1840s by Sir Roderick Murchison, a British geologist, from the extensive exposures in the region around the city of Perm in Russia.
Three general areas are especially noted for their Permian deposits: the Ural Mountains (where Perm itself is located), China, and the southwest of North America, where the Permian Basin in the U.S. state of Texas is so named because it has one of the thickest deposits of Permian rocks in the world.
Fossilized shells of two kinds of invertebrates are widely used to identify Permian strata and correlate them between sites: fusulinids, a kind of shelled amoeba-like protist that is one of the foraminiferans, and ammonoids, shelled cephalopods that are distant relatives of the modern nautilus.
psychcentral.com /psypsych/Permian   (1065 words)

  
 PlanetPapers - The End Permian Mass Extinction
Flugel, Eric., and Joachim Reinhardt, 1990, Uppermost Permian Reefs in Skyros (Greece) and Sichuan (China): Implications for the Late Permian Extinction Event.
Kerogen is the decomposed residue of Permian plankton.
Another assumption is that there is a decrease in diversity of shallow-marine organisms during the Late Permian.
www.planetpapers.com /Assets/451.php   (5323 words)

  
 ScienceDaily: Global Warming Led To Atmospheric Hydrogen Sulfide And Permian Extinction
Permian-Triassic extinction event -- The Permian-Triassic (P-T or PT) extinction event, sometimes informally called the Great Dying, was an extinction event that occurred approximately 251.0 million years ago (mya), forming the boundary...
Extinction event -- An extinction event (also extinction-level event, ELE) occurs when a large number of species die out in a relatively short period of time.
Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event -- The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was a period of massive extinction of species, about 65.5 million years ago.
www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/02/050223130549.htm   (1300 words)

  
 The Permian Mass Extinction
The Permian mass extinction occurred about 248 million years ago and was the greatest mass extinction ever recorded in earth history; even larger than the previously discussed Ordovician and Devonian crises and the better known End Cretaceous extinction that felled the dinosaurs.
Ninety to ninety-five percent of marine species were eliminated as a result of this Permian event.
The result of this new global configuration was the extensive development and diversification of Permian terrestrial vertebrate fauna and accompanying reduction of Permian marine communities.
park.org /Canada/Museum/extinction/permass.html   (248 words)

  
 Permian triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Look for Permian triassic extinction event in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
Check for Permian triassic extinction event in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
Start the Permian triassic extinction event article or add a request for it.
www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/permian_triassic_extinction_event   (171 words)

  
 MSN Encarta - Search Results - Permian-Triassic extinc...
Triassic Period, first of the three divisions of the Mesozoic Era of the geologic time scale (Geology), spanning an interval of 49 million years,...
Permian Period, last division of the Paleozoic Era of the geologic time scale (Geology), spanning an interval from about 299 million to 251 million...
Triassic Period : pictures related to the Triassic Period
encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Permian-Triassic+extinc...   (120 words)

  
 New clues about the ‘Great Dying’ traced in Science - Science Mysteries - MSNBC.com
About 251 million years ago, Earth’s greatest mass extinction event wiped out more than 90 percent of all marine plants and animals and up to 70 percent of all land species.
The extinction peak in the fossil record coincides with a significant shift in carbon isotope ratios, which may indicate a devastating population crash of marine life.
The extinction marked the end of an era, closing the book on the first great pulse of life on Earth and ushering in the age of reptiles.
msnbc.msn.com /id/3077507   (1163 words)

  
 Extinction I: The Permian Extinction Event
The end of the Permian Period (280 to 230 million years ago) witnessed the extinction of a large number of species, this event is often called the Permo-Triassic Boundary.
The extinction of the dinosaurs is probably the most famous mass extinction event to ever strike the Earth, but it is not the only one to kill off large numbers of species.
Mass extinctions are recognized when a large number of species of different types of animals die out in a relatively short time all over the world, thus distinguishing it from a background extinction or a geographically centralized die off.
www.suite101.com /article.cfm/4003/72751   (432 words)

  
 Permian Extinction Event
The extinction, at the end of the Permian Period and the beginning of the Triassic, had puzzled scientists for many years.
Some scientists have proposed the idea that the "great dying" at the boundary of the Permian and Triassic Periods could have occurred quite abruptly - the result of environmental changes brought on by the impact of a giant space rock.
The Permian saw the creation of the supercontinent known as Pangea, and the geological evidence suggests this landmass experienced huge volcanic turmoil.
www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesAfrica/Permian_Extinction1.htm   (1144 words)

  
 Teachers' Domain: Permian-Triassic Extinction
The Permian layers contain abundant animal fossils and fossilized traces of animals, while the Triassic layers are almost devoid of fossils, suggesting a mass extinction event occurred 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian.
Of the five or so mass extinctions recorded in Earth's fossils, this one at the end of the Permian period and the start of the Triassic was the most catastrophic.
Scientists continue to examine the evidence for clues to the cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction.
www.teachersdomain.org /9-12/sci/life/evo/permtriassext   (725 words)

  
 What Was The Great Dying?
The Great Dying, formally the Permian-Triassic extinction event, refers to the largest mass extinction of life on Earth in all history.
It happened 252 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Paleozoic era between the Permian and Triassic periods, long before dinosaurs roamed.
A major event that did occur at the same time of the Great Dying was the creation of the Siberian Trapps, formed by volcanic eruptions that continued for one million years.
www.wisegeek.com /what-was-the-great-dying.htm   (662 words)

  
 Causes of the Permian Extinction
A third possible mechanism for the Permian extinction is rapid warming and severe climatic fluctuations produced by concurrent glaciation events on the north and south poles.
Another theory which explains the mass extinctions of the Permian is the reduction of shallow continental shelves due to the formation of the super-continent Pangea.
One of the most current theories for the mass extinction of the Permian is an agent that has been also held responsible for the Ordovician and Devonian crises, glaciation on Gondwana.
park.org /Canada/Museum/extinction/permcause.html   (378 words)

  
 Bedout - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, Crater, Iridium, Permian-Triassic extinction event, ...
Some scientists speculate that Bedout might be the result of a large bolide impact that occurred around 250 million years ago; a large impact event during that time frame could account for the Permian-Triassic extinction event.
Sediment samples appear to match the date of the extinction event.
Also, the shocked quartz patterns at the site appear to be consistent with bolide impacts; however, skeptics contend that the shape of the depression is inconsistent with bolide impacts; instead, the depression might be explained by other scenarios, such as an oddity in the earth's structure.
www.thebestlinks.com /Bedout.html   (213 words)

  
 The Great Dying
Scientists call it the Permian-Triassic extinction or "the Great Dying" -- not to be confused with the better-known Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction that signaled the end of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
The finding suggests that some event 250,000,000 years ago (like an asteroid impact) spread material from the mantle over the surface of the land.
-- scientists present evidence linking the largest extinction of animals in Earth's history with rapid and extensive volcanic activity in Siberia
science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2002/28jan_extinction.htm   (1472 words)

  
 CBS News Ancient Meteorite Wiped Out Life November 20, 2003 15:59:28
The extinction, which scientists call the Permian-Triassic event, came some 185 million years before a similar meteorite collision with the planet killed off the dinosaurs.
Around the same time of both the Permian-Triassic and the dinosaur extinctions, there also were massive outflows of a lava called flood basalt.
(AP) Researchers studying rocks from Antarctica have found chemical evidence that a huge meteorite smashed the Earth 251 million years ago and caused the greatest extinction event in the planet's history, killing about 90 percent of all life.
www.cbsnews.com /stories/2003/11/20/tech/main584760.shtml   (830 words)

  
 Asteroid or comet may have caused Earth's biggest extinction
Researchers analyzing the chemistry of ancient deposits in China and Japan concluded that a space rock three to seven miles across smashed into the Earth about 251 million years ago, the time of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.
The extinction marked the end of the Permian geological period and was followed by the rise of the dinosaurs during the Triassic period.
That, she said, provides strong evidence that the Permian-Triassic extinction was either triggered or speeded up by a massive object falling from space.
seattlepi.nwsource.com /national/exti22ww.shtml   (989 words)

  
 BBC Evolution Weekend: Extinction Files - Mass Extinctions
But after more than a 100 million years of relative stability, the end of the Permian (245 million years ago) saw the largest extinction event in the Earth's history - far more devastating than the much more famous Cretaceous extinction, when the dinosaurs died out.
Many causes have been proposed for the Permian extinctions - including
Crinoids, ammonites, corals and fish diversified and flourished in the seas, while amphibians and reptiles continued their invasion of the land.
www.bbc.co.uk /education/darwin/exfiles/permian.htm   (138 words)

  
 National Geographic News @ nationalgeographic.com
What caused the extinction event has been a matter of heated debate among scientists—until now.
The researchers studied the gases trapped within fullerenes found in high concentrations in the 250 million-year-old sedimentary layer, which divides the Permian and Triassic periods.
This mass extinction preceded the rise of the dinosaurs.
news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/02/0222_buckyballs.html   (661 words)

  
 Permian Extinction - Introduction
The Permian period was between 290 Ma and 250 Ma.
At that time the land was in one mass called a supercontinent.
palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Permian/intro.html   (75 words)

  
 Untitled
Note the importance of the Permian- Triassic Extinction event.
Lower extinction rates of clams than of brachiopods, and their eventual replacement of brachiopods by clams during the Phanerozoic.
The diversity of brachiopods never recovered, but clams became increasingly speciose.
www.geo.arizona.edu /Antevs/ecol438/clambrac.html   (53 words)

  
 Pollen From Permian/Triassic Extinction Show UV Induced Mutations
Next by thread: Re: Pollen From Permian/Triassic Extinction Show UV Induced Mutations
Pollen From Permian/Triassic Extinction Show UV Induced Mutations
He predicts that similar evidence of mutant pollens and spores will be found in sediments laid down at the time of other mass-extinction events, such as the one that wiped out the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago.
dml.cmnh.org /2003Oct/msg00182.html   (399 words)

  
 triassic - OneLook Dictionary Search
Phrases that include triassic: triassic system, jura triassic, permian triassic event, permian triassic extinction, permian triassic extinction event, more...
Triassic : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
Triassic : Compact Oxford English Dictionary [home, info]
www.onelook.com /?w=triassic&ls=a   (200 words)

  
 The Mass Extinction at the End of the Permian, Links for Palaeobotanists
Samuel A. Bowring, Douglas H. Erwin, and Yukio Isozaki: The tempo of mass extinction and recovery: The end-Permian example.
D.E. Shcherbakov, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia: Permian Faunas of Homoptera (Hemiptera) in Relation to Phytogeography and the Permo-Triassic Crisis.
Allister Rees, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson: Permian Phytogeography and Climate Inference.
www.uni-wuerzburg.de /mineralogie/palbot/evolution/ptrextinction.html   (1864 words)

  
 esci102_paper3.html
The mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (~250 million years ago) was the largest in history: 90% of species on Earth were wiped out.
summarize the possible causes of the Permian extinction and the data that support or refute each of these hypotheses.
Richard Kerr's article 'Fossil Count Suggests Biggest Die-off Wasn't Due to a Smashup,' 'The Mother of Mass Murders' by Amarendra Swarup (http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=Permian3498573845), and Katrina Outland's 'Volcanoes, not Asteroid, may have Caused Permian Mass Extinction' (http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=25) provide information on a competing volcano hypothesis.
www.owlnet.rice.edu /~esci102/Spring05/esci102_paper3.html   (619 words)

  
 NRC Research Press: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
New reptile material from the Lower Triassic of Madagascar: implications for the PermianTriassic extinction event
pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /cgi-bin/rp/rp2_samp_e?cjes_cjes1-04_41_ys   (200 words)

  
 Exploring Antarctica - Understanding Life on Earth and Beyond
Becker’s photos, video clips and journal document her expedition to Antarctica to investigate the 250 million year old Permian-Triassic mass extinction event and her preparation of instrumentation designed to detect life signs on Mars.
In addition she will be testing instrumentation for future missions designed to detect life signs on Mars.
projects.crustal.ucsb.edu /beckerantarctica   (331 words)

  
 RealClimate - Comments on How long will global warming last?
Basically the issues are that I-129 has a relatively "soft" beta decay (75 kev), a relative short biological half-life in the body, and an extremely low specific activity (that is, number of decay events per second per unit mass).
The specific activity of I-129 is so low that it is relatively difficult to measure it in the environment (or was -- 15-20 years ago the method of choice was to zap the sample with neutrons so as to transmute the I-129 into something that could be more easily measured.).
This folklore is supported by research reported in grey literature and the peer-reviewed literature by Joe Soldat and his colleagues at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the 60s and 70s.
www.realclimate.org /wp-comments-popup.php?p=134&c=1   (6893 words)

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