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Topic: Pero Vaz de Caminha

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	A Descoberta do Outro na Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha
		De modo semelhante, «também viu um castiçal de prata e assim mesmo acenava para a terra e então para o castiçal, como que havia também prata».
		Utopia, sem dúvida, como a de não importa que língua artificial, mas que testemunha de uma visão pluralista e universalista das formas da linguagem religiosa, tais como são prefiguradas na Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha.
		a Pêro Vaz de Caminha, Carta a El-Rei D.Manuel, Lisboa, 1974, pp.
	www.instituto-camoes.pt /revista/descbroutro.htm (2357 words)

	CARTA DE PERO VAZ DE CAMINHA - História do Brasil - documentos históricos
		Então estiraram-se de costas na alcatifa, a dormir, sem buscarem maneira de encobrir suas vergonhas, as quais não eram fanadas; e as cabeleiras delas estavam bem rapadas e feitas.
		E uma daquelas moças era toda tingida, de baixo a cima daquela tintura; e certo era tão bem feita e tão redonda, e sua vergonha (que ela não tinha) tão graciosa, que a muitas mulheres da nossa terra, vendo-lhe tais feições, fizera vergonha, por não terem a sua como ela.
		Assim, Senhor, a inocência desta gente é tal que a de Adão não seria maior, quanto a vergonha.
	www.historiadobrasil.net /documentos/carta_caminha.htm (6917 words)

	Enciclopédia :: encyclopedia : História do Brasil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Levadas ao rei pela nau de Gaspar de Lemos, as cartas relatavam de forma pormenorizada as condições locais e de seus habitantes que a partir daí foram chamados de índios.
		Vargas consegue prolongar seus anos de presidência até 1945.
		Em 1° de março de 1986, Sarney e sua equipe econômica comandada por Dílson Funaro, ministro da Fazenda, lançam o "Plano Cruzado", conjunto de medidas para conter a inflação, entre as quais o congelamento de preços e a criação de uma nova moeda, o cruzado (Cz$), valendo 1000 cruzeiros (Cr$) (moeda da época).
	www.1enciclopedia.com /Hist%c3%b3ria_do_Brasil (5055 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pedralvarez Cabral
		Castro, the daughter of the distinguished Fernando de Noronha.
		Among the captains of the fleet, which consisted of thirteen ships with 1,200 men, were Bartolomeu Diaz, Pero Vaz de Caminha, and Nicolao Coelho, the latter the companion of da Gama.
		The authorities for the voyage of discovery of Cabral are contained in the reports of eyewitnesses, especially in the letter of VAZ DE CAMINHA to King Emmanuel, of which the original was discovered in 1790.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03128a.htm (743 words)

	Brazilian literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Brazilian literature began with the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha announcing the discovery to the king of Portugal.
		José de Anchieta wrote in Portuguese about Brazil and is considered the father of Brazilian literature.
		The two major Brazilian romantic poets were Antônio Gonçalves Dias, who glorified the indigenous people and the native soil, and Antônio de Castro Alves, a leader in the fight for the abolition of slavery.
	www.bartleby.com /65/br/Brazilia.html (735 words)

	Pedralvarez Cabral
		He was the third son of Fernao Cabral, Governor of Beira and Belmonte, and Isabel de Gouvea, and married Isabel de Castro, the daughter of the distinguished Fernando de Noronha.
		He must have had an exellent training ini navigation and large experience as a seaman, for King Emmanuel of Portugal considered him competent to continue the work of Vasco da Gama, and in the year 1500 placed him in command of a fleet which was to set sail for India.
		Believing the island to be an island he gave it the name of "Island of Vera Cruz" and took possession of it by erecting a cross and holding a religious service.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/cabral,pedralvarez.html (743 words)

	Enciclopedia :: encyclopedia : Brasil/Historia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		2003 - Asume a presidencia Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, despois de perder 3 eleccións.
		En 1530 foi enviada ó Brasil a expedición de Martim Afonso de Souza, cos objectivos de explorar a costa, expulsar os franceses e establecer núcleos de colonización.
		Tamém a elección de representantes brasileiros para as Cortes Constitucionais Portuguesas.
	gallego.enciclopedia.cc /Brasil/Historia (3551 words)

	The city of Porto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Considering minutes signed by Caminha between 1488 and 1498, Magalhães Basto says he participated in the sessions of the City Council and in 1497 was charged to write down the chapters that Porto would present to the Parliament in 1498.
		Caminha describes the natives in a way that clearly demonstrates his wonder at the innocence he notices mostly in his bodies (he repeatedly writes about their nudity) and in the way they give themselves to the visitors (“they are more friendly to us than we are to them”).
		João de Almada e Melo was the father of Francisco de Almada e Mendonça, responsible for the great transformations and improvements of the city of Porto in the late 18th century.
	www.portoturismo.pt /en/a_cidade/cronologia/PersonagensHistoricas.asp (1947 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		Brazilian literature began with the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha announcing the discovery to the king of Portugal.
		José de Anchieta wrote in Portuguese about Brazil and is considered the father of Brazilian literature.
		The two major Brazilian romantic poets were Antônio Gonçalves Dias, who glorified the indigenous people and the native soil, and Antônio de Castro Alves, a leader in the fight for the abolition of slavery.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:brazilia (695 words)

	Pero Vaz de Caminha - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pero Vaz de Caminha was a member of Pedro Alvares Cabral's crew on his voyage to India.
		However, they ended up discovering Brazil in a tremendous act of fortune.
		Caminha wrote what is considered by many to be one of the most accurate and detailed accounts of the discovery of Brazil in his Os Três Únicos Testemunhos do Descobrimento do Brasil.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pero_Vaz_de_Caminha (87 words)

	Portugal - Letter from Pêro Vaz de Caminha: UNESCO-CI
		Porto Seguro, Island of Vera Cruz, Brazil, 1 May 1500 — Letter from Pêro Vaz de Caminha to the King of Portugal, Manuel I. This is the first document describing the land and people of what became Brazil.
		Pêro Vaz de Caminha was an official who had been commissioned to report on the voyage of the India-bound fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral.
		Pêro Vaz de Caminha started his Letter on 24 April and finished it on 1 May, the date when one of the vessels of the fleet sailed for Lisbon to announce the good news to the King.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=16457&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html (247 words)

	The city of Porto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		One of the negotiators of the 1352 treaty between England and Portugal was born in Porto.
		The author of the renowned Carta da Descoberta do Brasil (1500) was the Porto-born Pero Vaz de Caminha, former official of the Mint, who was ordered by the King to join the expedition of Pedro Álvares Cabral and write the official report of the journey.
		The opening of Rua Nova marked a new phase in the urbanisation of the city and its localisation reflected the importance given to the downtown area, which was until this century the main commercial area of the city.
	www.portoturismo.pt /en/a_cidade/cronologia/ate_1500.asp (2315 words)

	Miranda
		E a última mostra de importância sobre o assunto, aqui entre nós, conta já para cima de duas décadas.
		Trata-se de um conjunto de peças que tanto procura mostrar a relativa diversidade de escolhas estéticas dentro da oferta então existente no cenário europeu, como a acção convergente e colectiva na busca da afirmação de uma identidade distinta.
		O grande número de mostras que para agora se programaram, tanto na América, como na Europa, e os elevados valores que as obras da altura adquiriram ao longo do tempo, internacionalmente, limitaram à partida as escolhas a fazer.
	www.lehman.cuny.edu /ciberletras/v08/miranda.html (3452 words)

	Brazil as Exposition
		Pero Vaz de Caminha was probably born around 1450 in the city of Porto.
		In Caminha’s Letter, the landscape and its potentials resources, the population and its features are depicted as objects in a sort of "Natural Museum," as if they were being displayed at an exhibition whose curator is, paradoxically, the beholder himself.
		In its pages, the reader was introduced to maps of almost unknown regions of the country recently declared independent; reports on surviving native populations; biographies of distinguished fellow countrymen; documents related to the colonial period; chronicles of episodes of the country’s history.
	www.lehman.cuny.edu /ciberletras/v08/rocha.html (5932 words)

	The Discovery of Brazil and the Monte Pascoal
		According to a letter from Pero Vaz de Caminha, one of Pedro Álvares Cabral´s crew members, to the portuguese King D. Manuel I, the Monte Pascoal was the first sign of land that the Portuguese discoverer sighted on April 22nd 1500, before making their first landfall probably close to the mouth of the Caí River.
		In the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha, nothing is said about bad weather conditions or a detour.
		According to Caminha´s letter, Nicolau Coelho was determined to step on land and to make the first contact with the Indians who waited for them on the beach.
	www.brazadv.com /brazil_tours/monte_pascoal.asp (856 words)

	birding facts Birding Resources by the Fat Birder
		Its major objectives are to study, discover and catalogue the bird-life in Pernambuco and neighbouring states; to plan support and develop amateur bird-watching and contribute to the better understanding of bird-life and conservation of the habitats that are scientifically and ecologically important.
		The first record of birds in Brazil dates back to the year 1500, in letters from Pero Vaz de Caminha to King Dom Manuel of Portugal, where he mentioned furabuchos, parakeets, parrots and pigeons (Pinto 1942)...
		The History of Ornithology in Pernambuco - The first record of birds in Brazil dates back to the year 1500, in letters from Pero Vaz de Caminha to King Dom Manuel of Portugal, where he mentioned furabuchos, parakeets, parrots and pigeons (Pinto 1942)...
	www.fatbirder.com /links_geo/america_south/brazil_pernambuco.html (514 words)

	Brazil - Early Colonization
		The chronicler of the discovery, Pêro Vaz de Caminha, wrote that immediately they saw men walking on the beach, and by the time a longboat reached the shore twenty or so had assembled.
		It dispatched a strong fleet under the command of Martim Afonso de Sousa, who was instructed to clear the coast of interlopers and to establish a permanent settlement.
		In fact, as historian Sergio Buarque de Holanda showed, by identifying Brazil as a destination of the wandering Apostle St. Thomas the Portuguese settlers were able to argue that all natives had their chance to convert and had rejected it, so they could be conquered and taken captive legitimately.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/6.htm (2647 words)

	- Brazil Now - Books
		The ship also carried a letter written by the log-book keeper P?ro Vaz de Caminha.
		Vaz de Caminha is very impressed by the Indians natural grace and beauty.
		The Portuguese can not find any hard evidence of gold, silver or spices, although they are willing to interpret the slightest hint as the sign of an existing El Dorado:One of them looked at the captains necklace and pointed to the land and to the necklace, like he wanted to say there was gold overthere.
	www.brazilnow.info /books01.php?ID_Books_Title=25 (220 words)

	OAP - Observadores de Aves de Pernambuco
		In 1986, Manoel Toscano de Britto and Gustavo Pacheco created OAP (Observadores de Aves de Pernambuco), being the first amateur bird-watching group in Pernambuco to study bird life in different parts of the state, and popularise bird-watching.
		Its major objectives are to study, discover and catalogue the bird-life in Pernambuco and neighbouring states; to plan support and develop amateur bird-watching and contribute to the better understanding of bird-life and conservation of the habitats that are scientifically and ecologically important.
		My contact with OAP (Observadores de Aves de Pernambuco) the Association of Birdwatchers in Pernambuco was in the year of 1998 and that was a privilege to know them.
	www.oap.org.br /summary.htm (2038 words)

	vidas lusófonas (normais)
		Cabral discovers Terras de Vera Cruz/The Land of the True Cross (Brazil), on April 22; loses 4 of his ships, but manages to reach Calicut on September 13; is unable to subjugate the Zamorim, the ruler of Calicut.
		There are well-known figures travelling with Cabral: Pero Vaz de Caminha, the king's chronicler; Bartolomeu Dias, first to round the Cape of Good Hope, Bartolomeu's brother, Diogo Dias, and Nicolau Coelho, one of the skippers in Vasco da Gama's expedition.
		Among the forty massacred are Aires Correia and Pero Vaz de Caminha.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /pedro_a_cabral_2.htm (3971 words)

	CABRAL, THE KING'S VOYAGER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pero Vaz de Caminha was one of a kind in the History of Humanity, because he achieved everlasting fame for writing a letter.
		Thanks to them, we know that Pero Vaz de Caminha came from a family from the city of Porto (Oporto), Portugal.
		We can make a deduction, however: Pero Vaz de Caminha was a curious man with an open mind and a longing to see the world.
	www.projetomemoria.art.br /PedroAlvaresCabral/revista9/perovazi.htm (371 words)

	Amazon.com: Caminha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Visoes de gloria: Uma introducao a poesia de Pero de Andrade Caminha (Textos universitarios de ciencias sociais e humanas) by Vanda Anastacio (Unknown Binding - 1998)
		Vocabulario da Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha.
		Aproximaciones a la carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha (1) al rey D. Manuel sobre el descubrimiento (2) de Brasil.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Caminha&index=blended&page=1 (383 words)

	Pedro Álvares Cabral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He is thought to have been born in Belmonte, in the Beira Baixa province of Portugal.
		Monte Pascoal was given; on the April 23 Coelho landed on the coast of Brazil, and on the April 25 the entire fleet sailed into the harbor called Porto Seguro.
		Believing the island to be an island he gave it the name of Island of the True Cross (or Island of Vera Cruz) and took possession of it by erecting a cross and holding a religious service.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/pedro-alvares-cabral.html (659 words)

	Fundação Biblioteca Nacional - A carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha - Ficha de obra
		Fundação Biblioteca Nacional - A carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha - Ficha de obra
		Edición digital basada en la de Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, 2002.
		Recomendar una dirección de interés (URL) relacionada con la obra.
	www.cervantesvirtual.com /FichaObra.html?Ref=10739&portal=55 (120 words)

	Submarino.com.br Livros: Carta ao Rei Dom Manuel - PERO VAZ DE CAMINHA
		Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha - PERO VAZ DE CAMINHA : R$10,00
		A famosa carta do escrivão da armada de Pedro Álvares Cabral para o Rei Dom Manuel.
		Nela, Pero Vaz de Caminha descreve com riqueza de detalhes a chegada dos portugueses ao litoral brasileiro.
	www.submarino.com.br /books_productdetails.asp?Query=ProductPage&ProdTypeId=1&ProdId=11690&ST=CM11817 (112 words)

	History of Brazil - century 16 and century 17
		The only product of interest was pau-brasil, a wooden tree which would eventually become the name of the country; pau-brasil was used to dye fabrics.
		Tome de Sousa made an alliance with one of the tribes, the Tupis, and declared war to all the others, which were enslaved.
		By that time, Europe made sugar of sugarbet, and the whiter and sweeter sugar from cane was highly valued.
	www.v-brazil.com /information/history/brazil-centuries-16-17.html (623 words)

	Founding Narratives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, 1959; Jaime Cortesão, A Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha.
		Simón Bolivar, "Carta de Jamaica," (Sept. 6, 1815); "Address to the Second National Congress of Venezuela," (Angostura, Feb. 15, 1819); "Carta a José Joaquín de Olmedo" (1825) [vid.
		Andrés Bello, "Epistola escrita de Londres a Paris por un americano a otro" (1827); from Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos (1847) in Obras Completas IV
	complit.la.psu.edu /faculty/kadir/founding.html (2539 words)

	Early Anglo/Ibero-Americanist Summit, 4/19/02
		Cortesão, Jaime. A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha. Rio de Janeiro: Livros de Portugal, 1943. Includes introductory study, facsimile of the manuscript, transcription, modernized adaptation, appendices of related documents, and bibliography.
		Arroyo, Leonardo. A Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha. São Paulo: Ed.
		[1] All citations of Caminha’s Letter are from William Brooks Greenlee, The Voyages of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India from Contemporary Documents and Narratives (London: Hakluyt Society, 1938): 3-33.
	www.mith2.umd.edu /summit/Proceedings/Voigt.htm (384 words)

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