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	Peroneus longus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The muscle peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the human leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle.
		Peroneus longus becomes a tendon that goes posterially around the lateral malleolus of the ankle, then continues under the foot to attach to the 1st metatarsal.
		It is a muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peroneus_longus_muscle (124 words)

	Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin, the "lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose".
		The muscle is attached to the upper frontal process of the (The upper jawbone in vertebrates; it is fused to the cranium) maxilla and inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip.
		The muscle is innervated by the buccal branch of (Cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles) facial nerve, CN VII.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Le/Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle.htm (138 words)

	Peroneus longus muscle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The muscle peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial (One of the contractile organs of the body) muscle in the (Click link for more info and facts about human leg) human leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle.
		It is attached proximally to the head of the (The outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle) fibula and its 'belly' runs down most of this bone.
		It is a muscle of the lateral (A partitioned section or separate room within a larger enclosed area) compartment of the leg and is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/peroneus_longus_muscle.htm (119 words)

	Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: peroneus quartus muscle, The
		The peroneus quartus muscle is one of a group of accessory peroneal muscles present in man. It is said to have been first described by Otto in 1816 and was studied in depth in 1923 by Hecker,1 who estimated its incidence to be 13% in the general population.
		Sobel, Levy and Bohne2 described the anatomical variations of the muscle in a cadaver study on 124 legs with particular reference to the origins and insertions of the different anomalous muscles in the lateral compartment and suggested that these should all be referred to as variants of the same muscle, the peroneus quartus.
		When peroneus quartus arose from peroneus longus, its tendon passed separately in the retromalleolar groove and inserted into the retrotrochlear eminence of the calcaneum which was raised to 4 mm.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200311/ai_n9311552 (1441 words)

	eMedicine - Peroneal Tendon Pathology : Article Excerpt by: Kurtis Hort, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The peroneus longus muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula.
		The tendon of peroneus longus courses behind the peroneus brevis tendon at the level of the ankle joint, travels inferior to the peroneal tubercle, and turns sharply in a medial direction at the cuboid bone.
		Its tendon courses anterior to the peroneus longus tendon at the ankle.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/byname/peroneal-tendon-pathology.htm (635 words)

	Human Anatomy - Lab 15 Step 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The peroneus brevis muscle arises from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula and inserts, via its tendon, into the tubercle on the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.
		The peroneus longus muscle takes origin from the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula and inserts into the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal.
		Pull on these tendons to demonstrate that the principle function of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles is to evert the foot (which aides in stability of the foot when walking on uneven terrain).
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/haonline/labs/l15/070103.htm (154 words)

	Encyclopedia: Peroneus longus muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Structure of a skeletal muscle Muscle is one of the four tissue types.
		The bones in the foot In anatomy, the ankle is the part of the lower limb that is located between the foot and the leg.
		On the human body, the limbs can be divide into segments, such as the arm and the forearm of the upper limb, and the thigh and the leg of the lower limb.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peroneus-longus-muscle (298 words)

	Cat Muscles 07
		The most anterior of the muscles on the lateral surface of the shank is the tibialis anterior (cranialis).
		Three peroneus muscles lie posterior to the extensor digitorum longus and take their origin from the fibula.
		The peroneus tertius is a tiny muscle lying directly beneath the peroneus longus.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_09/Cat_Muscles_07/cat_muscles_07.html (345 words)

	Physical Therapy/ January 2000/ Circulatory Responses to Voluntary and Electrically Induced Muscle Contractions in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We were concerned that the peroneus longus muscle, a plantar flexor not innervated by the tibial nerve, might contribute to the force output during voluntary contractions but not electrically evoked contractions, thereby creating a disparity in the size of the active muscle mass in the 2 protocols.
		The EMG activity recorded from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles during the voluntary exercise protocol was expressed as a percentage of the activity recorded previously during a maximal voluntary contraction.
		It is possible that the peroneus longus and soleus muscles were activated along with the gastrocnemius muscle during the voluntary exercise protocol, whereas only the gastrocnemius muscle was active during the TENS protocol.
	www.ptjournal.org /pt_journal/PTJournal/January2000/v80n1p53.cfm (4321 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		muscle of interest is deeply positioned, such as the longus colli and longus capitis muscles of the cervical spine...
		metatarsal, the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle inserts on the distal phalanx...
		The vastus lateralis:vastus medialis longus muscle EMG ratio contributed to the prediction...
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Longus&refid=ency_botnm (678 words)

	AOFAS - MDs who specialize in the foot and ankle. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most striking is the case of the peroneus longus: branches to at least a portion of the peroneus longus emerge in many cases even before the common peroneal nerve becomes applied to the fibular head.
		The lateral compartment muscles were isolated and their innervation from the peroneal nerve was dissected in detail.
		In 9 of 12 specimens, a branch to the superficial component of the peroneus longus was identified either at or proximal to the site at which the nerve encountered the bone.
	www.aofas.org /displayindustryarticle.cfm?articlenbr=16607 (687 words)

	Physical Therapy/ Vol 79 No 9/ Anatomy and Biomechanics of the First Ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The tibialis posterior muscle inserts on the navicular tuberosity, with additional plantar attachments to the cuboid, the cuneiforms, and the second, third, and fourth metatarsals.
		The effectiveness of the peroneus longus muscle in limiting dorsal excursion of the first ray is contingent on the direction of pull of the tendon insertion.
		In supination, the medial arch elevates so that the cuboid canal is located inferior to the insertion of the peroneus longus muscle, thus increasing the plantar force moment arm of the peroneus longus muscle.
	www.ptjournal.org /September99/public/v79n9p854.cfm (2768 words)

	peroneus longus muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Peroneus longus is one of the muscles of the lateral crural compartment of the leg.
		Throughout this course, it is superficial to peroneus brevis.
		Beyond the lateral malleolus it passes anteroinferiorly to descend posterior to the peroneal trochlea on the calcaneus into a groove on the inferior surface of the cuboid bone.
	www.gpnotebook.com /cache/-1294991280.htm (238 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Rupture of the Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The origin of the peroneus muscle is on the proximal end of the tibiotarsus and patellar tissue, with attachments to other muscles in that area.
		The muscle is thin and wide, covering the anterior and lateral surface of the leg.
		Rupture of the aponeurosis and muscle occurs as a 1-2 cm horizontal wound on the anterior surface of the muscle.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/205208.htm (276 words)

	Lower leg
		The peroneus tertius arises from the lower third of the fibula (lower leg bone) and the adjacent interosseous membrane and continues downward and slightly forward, across the ankle, where it tapers into a narrow, flat tendon that passes over the extensor digitorum brevis and inserts into the fifth metatarsal bone (little toe).
		The flexor digitorum longus muscle runs deep in the lower leg from the middle half of the tibia and tapers into a tendon that ends deep under the foot at the base of the distal phalanges of the little toes.
		It is a deep muscle, but towards the lower end emerges and passes in front of the flexor digitorum longus muscle and tapers into a tendon that inserts into six tarsal bones (navicular, three cuniforms, cuboid, and talus) and the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/m2lowleg.htm (1249 words)

	muscle
		Muscle is a connective tissue, whose primary purpose is to contract.
		Muscle contraction is used to move parts of the body, as well as to move substances within the body,
		Muscle is composed of muscle cells (sometimes known as "muscle fibers").
	www.fact-library.com /muscle.html (246 words)

	Contraction tension and kinetics of the peroneus longus muscle in golden retriever muscular dystrophy. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Contraction tension and kinetics of the peroneus longus muscle in golden retriever muscular dystrophy.
		Contraction tension and kinetics of the peroneus longus muscle were studied in dogs with the Duchenne homologue, golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD), in advance of evaluating localized therapies such as myoblast transplantation.
		Absolute and both muscle- and body-weight-corrected twitch tension in GRMD dogs were low compared to normal litter mates at 3 months of age (p
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8064300.html (107 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Ankle Block
		It is usually "sandwiched" between the tendons of the anterior tibial and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
		The lateral branch of the deep peroneal nerve is directed anterolaterally, penetrates and innervates the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, and terminates as the second, third, and fourth dorsal interosseous nerves.
		The deep peroneal nerve is located immediately lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle (between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus).
	www.nysora.com /techniques/basic/ankle/ankle.htm (2749 words)

	longus
		Longus was a Greek sophist and romancer, and author of Daphnis and Chlöe.
		Nothing is known of his life, and all that can be said is that he probably lived at the end of the 2nd or the beginning of the 3rd century AD.
		Longus found an incomparable translator in Jacques Amyot, bishop of Auxerre, whose French version, as revised by Paul Louis Courier, is better known than the original.
	www.fact-library.com /longus.html (505 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Abstract of article: Effects of the enantiomers of R,S-salbutamol on incompletely ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		M) decreased the peak force of sub-tetani in the slow-contracting soleus muscle and increased the peak force of sub-tetani in the fast-contracting peroneus longus muscle.
		The decrease in the peak force of sub-tetani in the soleus muscle was due to defusion of the individual twitches caused by a shortening of their time course.
		We concluded that all the effects of R,S-salbutamol on guinea-pig skeletal muscles are due to the activity of the R-enantiomer.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v123/n3/abs/0701627a.html (301 words)

	Sonography of Muscle Hernias -- Beggs 180 (2): 395 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		muscle is contracted or the patient is standing erect.
		muscle bulge with elevation of the overlying fascia (Fig.
		Longitudinal sonogram obtained with muscle relaxed shows small segment of thin, slightly elevated fascia with shallow bulge of hypoechoic muscle (arrows are at margins of fascial defect and herniated muscle).
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/180/2/395 (1467 words)

	Peroneus longus muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		a muscle and tendon originating on the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and lateral surface of the fibula; it inserts on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones.
		This muscle is active in abducting, everting and flexing the foot in a plantar direction.
		Ruptures of the peroneus longus tendon may occur with changes in position or fractures of the os peroneum.
	eu.amershamhealth.com /medcyclopaedia/Volume%20III%201/PERONEUS%20LONGUS%20MUSCLE.html (152 words)

	[No title]
		Partly, the best answer is D. The peroneus tertius muscle is a part of the extensor digitorum longus muscle and might be described as its fifth tendon.
		No, the correct answer is B. The lateral group of muscles of the leg consists of the peroneus longus and the peroneus brevis muscle.
		The anterior tibial artery within its upper two-thirds is flanked by the muscles, namely the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus in its upper third and in its middle third between the tibialis anterior and the extensor hallucis longus.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/lw07.wbc (649 words)

	Neuropathways EEG Imaging - Publications
		Clonus occurs because the chronictonic shortening of the muscle spindle predisposes hyperreflexive stretch reflexes.
		In spastic muscles, the hyperexcitability of the alpha or gamma motor neurons are such that the stretch reflex and subsequent synchro-nous muscle spindle firing begin to cycle discharges of the alpha motor neurons and stretch reflex contractions.
		Conventional rehabilitation methods were used to suppress the undesirable hyperactivity of the peroneus longus muscle along with the feedback.
	www.neuropathways.com /publications/stroke.html (2630 words)

	Jpn J Rehabil Med 2000; 37: 445-452 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A stimulator was implanted in the rat body, and electrodes were connected directly to the peroneus longus (PL) muscle belly on the left side of the rat.
		The left PL muscle was stimulated electrically 24 hours per day for 1 week.
		The results showed that the low-frequency stimulation patterns produced a significant improvement in rat PL muscle fatigability without a significant change in the cross-sectional area or the composition of each fiber type; and the 20-Hz stimulation pattern could induce a more marked improvement in fatigability.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /jarm/english/abstract/Vol37/370445EA.html (303 words)

	extensor digitorium longus muscle (etensor digitorium longus muscle) information.
		Extensor digitorum longus of the foot arises from the:.
		extensor hallucis longus muscle [probe; retractor holds the extensor digitorum longus muscle]; peroneus tertius muscle that arises from the extensor..
		The flexor digitorum longus attaches to the tibia bone and passes posterior..
	www.stuff-find.com /e/extensor_digitorium_longus_muscle.html (221 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Peroneus longus, in the plantar foot, may serve as the origin of flexor digiti quinti or the plantar interosseus muscles.
		Peroneus accessorius (peroneus quartus) is a slip arising high up on the fibula between the long and short peroneal muscles and joining the tendon of the longus in the sole of the foot.
		Another detached slip, which arises from the proximal part of the fibula and attaches to the fibular malleolus, the peroneal process of the calcaneus, or the lateral ligament of the the ankle, is probably a separated portion of peroneus longus.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/P/17Peroneus.html (1081 words)

	01/01 BioMechanics: Orthoses: Cavus foot diagnosis determines treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The distal peroneus longus tendon is sewn to the brevis tendon to avoid the creation of a dorsal bunion.
		Lengthening the gastrocnemius alone, without the peroneal transfer, may actually make the overdrive worse, as the peroneus longus may recruit the weakened gastrocnemius muscle to plantar flex the ankle.
		Scarred muscle excision for the treatment of established ischemic contracture of the lower extremity.
	www.biomech.com /db_area/archives/2001/0101orthoses.55.bio.html (3897 words)

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