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Topic: Peroxynitrite

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	Reaction of Peroxynitrite with Melatonin: A Mechanistic Study
		Peroxynitrite solutions (pH 11) were mixed on the stopped-flow spectrophotometer with equal volumes of 50 mM phosphate buffer containing varying amounts of MLT (ionic strength adjusted to 0.3 M using NaCl).
		The decay of peroxynitrite in the absence of MLT is usually analyzed at 302 nm, but since MLT absorbs at this wavelength, the peroxynitrite/MLT reaction was analyzed at 400 nm where the interference from both peroxynitrite and MLT is minimal.
		In contrast, in the absence of CO, and for a substrate that follows second-order kinetics, all of the peroxynitrite that undergoes this reaction is capable of oxidizing the substrate.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?crtoec/asap/html/tx980243t.html (6131 words)

	School of Molecular Biosciences - Faculty: Pall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Peroxynitrite acts via six known biochemical mechanisms to increase the levels of both nitric oxide and superoxide which react to produce more peroxynitrite (Fig.
		In this way, once peroxynitrite levels are elevated, they may act to continue the elevation, thus producing a self-sustaining vicious cycle (ref.1).
		It is this cycle, according to the theory, that maintains the chronic symptoms of CFS and it is this cycle, therefore, that must be interrupted to effectively treat this condition.
	molecular.biosciences.wsu.edu /Faculty/pall/pall_cfs.htm (1817 words)

	Requirement of Intracellular Calcium Mobilization for Peroxynitrite-Induced Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Activation and ...
		Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic oxidant produced during shock, ischemia reperfusion, and inflammation.
		Cells were then exposed to various concentrations of peroxynitrite, incubated for 3 h, and stained with DiOC6(3), hydroethidine, or NAO for the measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide production, and mitochondrial membrane damage, respectively.
		In the PARS deficient cells, peroxynitrite induced a dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation that was inhibited by BAPTA-AM.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/4/824 (5588 words)

	Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Activation Mediates Mitochondrial Injury During Oxidant-Induced Cell Death -- Virág ...
		WT thymocytes were treated with 20 µM peroxynitrite in the absence or the presence of 3-AB (1 mM) and INH2BP (100 µM) for 4 h.
		WT and PARS-deficient thymocytes were treated with peroxynitrite (20 µM) in the absence or the presence of 3-AB (1 mM) and INH2BP (100 µM) for 1 to 3 h.
		DNA strand breakage and activation of poly-ADP ribosyltransferase: a cytotoxic pathway triggered by peroxynitrite.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/161/7/3753 (4725 words)

	Elevated Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Theory of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Central Role of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate ...
		Peroxynitrite acts, in turn, through known biochemical mechanisms to increase the levels of both its precursors, nitric oxide and superoxide, thus generating chronically elevated peroxynitrite (Pall 2000a).
		It is possible, therefore, that a combination of mechanisms involving nitric oxide and peroxynitrite may lead to lowered levels of several porphyrin biosynthetic enzymes, leading, in turn, to accumulation of porphyrin precursors and their side products.
		Elevated peroxynitrite as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2003/5935/5935.html (3668 words)

	Effect of Inhaled Beclomethasone Dipropionate on Peroxynitrite Inhibitory Activity in Induced Sputum From Asthmatic ...
		peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in asthmatic airways is unclear.
		peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in the pathogenesis of asthma.
		Saleh, D, Ernst, P, Lim, S, et al Increased formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite in the airways of asthmatic patients is associated with induction of nitric oxide synthase: effect of inhaled glucocorticoid.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/124/5/1755 (2398 words)

	Effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites on MCP-1-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in vitro -- Sato et ...
		monocytes to MCP-1 incubated with peroxynitrite or the peroxynitrite
		The concentration of peroxynitrite in vivo is unknown.
		One- and two-electron oxidations of methionine by peroxynitrite.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/3/L543 (3240 words)

	Decreased peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in induced sputum in patients with bronchial asthma -- Kanazawa et al. 57 ...
		of peroxynitrite in the airways of patients with asthma.
		Peroxynitrite induces airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vitro and in vivo.
		Increased formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite in the airways of asthmatic patients is associated with induction of nitric oxide synthase: effect of inhaled glucocorticoid.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/57/6/509 (1741 words)

	Peroxynitrite Is a Critical Mediator of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Murine Livers: Protection by Glutathione -- ...
		Peroxynitrite Is a Critical Mediator of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Murine Livers: Protection by Glutathione -- Knight et al.
		peroxynitrite is scavenged by GSH in a spontaneous reaction.
		Squadrito GL and Pryor WA (1998) Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide: the role of superoxide, peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/303/2/468 (4891 words)

	Hyperoxia induces retinal vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through formation of peroxynitrite -- Gu et al. 285 (3): ...
		A: immunoblotting analysis with anti-nitrotyrosine antibody was used to analyze the level of peroxynitrite formed in BREC maintained for 48 h in hyperoxia or normoxia.
		Peroxynitrite inhibits T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by promoting impairment of tyrosine phosphorylation and peroxynitrite-driven apoptotic death.
		Peroxynitrite disables the tyrosine phosphorylation regulatory mechanism: lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase fails to phosphorylate nitrated cdc2(6–20)NH2 peptide.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/3/C546 (4939 words)

	School of Molecular Biosciences - Faculty: Pall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		His current research is focussed on a theory he has developed on the cause (etiology) of chronic fatigue syndrome and the overlapping and related conditions of multiple chemical sensitivity, fibromyalgia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
		Symptoms of these conditions are produced by both nitric oxide and peroxynitrite and treatment should focus on downregulating this vicious cycle mechanism.
		NMDA sensitization and stimulation by peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and organic solvents as the mechanism of chemical sensitivity in multiple chemical sensitivity.
	molecular.biosciences.wsu.edu /Faculty/pall.html (313 words)

	Peroxynitrite attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury -- Liu et al. 279 (6): 1970 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
		Mechanism of cardioprotection by peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
		Peroxynitrite reduces myocardial infarct size and preserves coronary endothelium after ischemia and reperfusion in cats.
		Involvement of nitric oxide and nitrosothiols in relaxation of pulmonary arteries to peroxynitrite.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/6/C1970 (4910 words)

	Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Peroxynitrite-induced Protein S-Glutathiolation via Disulfide S-Oxide ...
		Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidizing and nitrating agent, which is formed from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radical
		Peroxynitrite was synthesized by use of a quenched flow reactor as described previously (12).
		peroxynitrite was subjected to SDS-PAGE (10% acrylamide gel) under reducing or nonreducing conditions (with or without dithiothreitol (DTT)), and the protein band was stained with CBB.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/31/29596 (5036 words)

	Redox Modulation of Iron Regulatory Proteins by Peroxynitrite -- Bouton et al. 272 (32): 19969 -- Journal of Biological ...
		Peroxynitrite was synthesized as described (47) and concentrated
		Peroxynitrite released from SIN-1 was measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine at 500
		One question arises as to whether addition of high concentrations of peroxynitrite as a bolus is relevant.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/32/19969 (5409 words)

	Reactions of Peroxynitrite with Cocoa Procyanidin Oligomers -- Arteel et al. 130 (8): 2100 -- Journal of Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Peroxynitrite is a mediator molecule in inflammation, and its biological
		of the reaction of peroxynitrite with epicatechin and the tetrameric
		Peroxynitrite (500 µmol/L) was added by bolus addition to 100 µmol/L tyrosine in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) containing 0.1 mmol/L DTPA.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/130/8/2100S (2631 words)

	Increased formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite in the airways of asthmatic patients is associated with ...
		Increased formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite in the airways of asthmatic patients is associated with induction of nitric oxide synthase: effect of inhaled glucocorticoid -- Saleh et al.
		of peroxynitrite in the airways of 10 asthmatic patients.
		Szabo, C., Zingarelli, B., and Salzman, A. (1996) Role of poly-ADP ribosyltransferase activation in the vascular contractile and energetic failure elicited by exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide and peroxynitrite.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/12/11/929 (5440 words)

	Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Ocular Inflammation
		Recent studies have implicated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as septic shock, arthritis, lung disease, and atherosclerosis.
		The role of peroxynitrite in ocular inflammation is still largely unknown.
		Peroxynitrite inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1998/Suppl-5/1145-1149allen/allen-full.html (4030 words)

	Antioxidant Therapy: A New Pharmacological Approach in Shock, Inflammation, and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury -- ...
		Relative Importance of Reactions of Glutathione with Nitric Oxide, Oxyradicals, and Peroxynitrite in Endotoxic Shock and Inflammation
		Peroxynitrite is a particularly effective oxidant of aromatic molecules and organosulfur compounds that include free amino
		The reaction of peroxynitrite with methionine at pH 7.4, 25°C, is the prototypical example (Pryor et al., 1994
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/1/135 (6697 words)

	Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		that peroxynitrite is responsible for a significant proportion
		to the importance of peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of EAE.
		the importance of peroxynitrite as a neuropathogenic molecule
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/2/675 (5302 words)

	Peroxynitrite Reaction with Eye Lens Proteins: {alpha}-Crystallin Retains Its Activity Despite Modification -- ...
		Peroxynitrite Reaction with Eye Lens Proteins: {alpha}-Crystallin Retains Its Activity Despite Modification -- Thiagarajan et al.
		Curve 1: lysozyme alone; curve 2: in the presence of unmodified peptide; curves 3 and 4: in the presence of the peptide treated with 1 mM peroxynitrite in the absence and presence of 10 mM bicarbonate, respectively.
		Peroxynitrite formation in the orbit of diabetics with rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/45/7/2115 (3577 words)

	Oxidative stress inactivates VEGF survival signaling in retinal endothelial cells via PI 3-kinase tyrosine nitration -- ...
		FeTPPS (2.5 µM) a specific peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst blocked the increases in p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation in both basal and VEGF stimulated conditions.
		Cells were stimulated with VEGF (40 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (FeTPPs).
		Zou, M. H., Shi, C. and Cohen, R. High glucose via peroxynitrite causes tyrosine nitration and inactivation of prostacyclin synthase that is associated with thromboxane/prostaglandin H(2) receptor-mediated apoptosis and adhesion molecule expression in cultured human aortic endothelial cells.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/118/1/243 (6145 words)

	Nitric oxide mediates apoptosis induction selectively in transformed fibroblasts compared to nontransformed fibroblasts ...
		The inducer was present throughout the experiment, to maintain the transformed state; 208 F: nontransformed rat fibroblasts; 208 F src3 cells: 208 F cells transformed by constitutive expression of the src oncogene; R2, R4, R5: revertants from 208 F src3 cells that had spontaneously lost their transformed phenotype (56).
		Padmaja,S., Squadrito,G.L. and Pryor,W.A. (1998) Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by peroxynitrite.
		Murphy,M., Packer,M.A., Scarlett,J.L. and Martin,S.W. (1998) Peroxynitrite: a biologically significant oxidant.
	carcin.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/23/6/929 (8220 words)

	NMDA sensitization and stimulation by peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, and organic solvents as the mechanism of chemical ...
		peroxynitrite, as proposed in the elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite
		Pall, M. (2000) Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome.
		Pall, M. (2000) Elevated peroxynitrite as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome: other inducers and mechanisms of symptom generation.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/16/11/1407 (6201 words)

	Página Personal del Dr. Radi Isola
		Peroxynitrite reaction with carbon/bicarbonate: kinetics and influence on peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations
		Ca2+-independent permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane by peroxynitrite is mediated by membrane protein thiol cross-linking and lipid peroxidation
		Peroxynitrite decay in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, mannitol and ethanol: a reappraisal
	www.rau.edu.uy /pedeciba/personas/radi.htm (1274 words)

	news4
		mitochondria are known to be attacked by peroxynitrite and
		compounds are known to be inactivated by peroxynitrite (1).
		Because peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant, this theory
	www.keac.nl /news4.htm (1553 words)

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