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Topic: Perpendicular Period

	Perpendicular Gothic architecture in England
		The style we know as Perpendicular Gothic is the final phase of Gothic architecture in England, after the Early English and Decorated periods, and it lasted by far the longest of the three periods, stretching from the late 14th until the early 16th century.
		Another notable characteristic of Perpendicular Gothic are the superb hammerbeam roofs, where advances in joinery and a better understanding of how to distribute the load and thrust of ceiling weight allowed roofs which spanned great open spaces.
		Piers were still constructed of clusters of thin shafts, as in the Decorated period, but the separation between the shafts was not so pronounced; the separate shafts becoming more like simple folds of stone on the surface of the pier.
	www.britainexpress.com /architecture/perpendicular.htm (443 words)

	Perpendicular Period - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		PERPENDICULAR PERIOD, the term given by Thomas Rickman to the third period of Gothic architecture in England, in consequence of the great predominance of perpendicular lines.
		In the later examples of the Decorated period the omission of the circles in the tracery had led to the employment of curves of double curvature which developed into flamboyant tracery, and the introduction of the perpendicular lines was a reaction in the contrary direction.
		The earliest examples of the Perpendicular period, dating from 1360, are found at Gloucester, where the masons of the cathedral would seem to have been far in advance of those in other towns.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PERPENDICULAR_PERIOD.htm (318 words)

	Period Style
		Period style has had a negative connotation among modernist theorists since it implies an unoriginal adaptation of a previously established way of designing and building, prior to of course the dawn of the Modern Movement.
		The Renaissance ‘period’ then has to be further subdivided into the various countries in Europe that aspired to integrate the ancient way of building into their current architectural practices which was based at that time, in the 14th and 15th centuries, on gothic and Romanesque form.
		Period work is more careful and studied, yet achieves a 'right' expression: it is learnable and its execution by a conscientious, if not completely competent architect or designer, is less harmful to the aesthetic sensibility and the built environment, than the wholesale display of arrogant and ignorant individualism tempered by whim alone.
	www.johnhenryarchitect.com /period_style.htm (5602 words)

	English Mediaeval Architecture - Examples
		The various periods of the building of the church are indeed clearly seen in the piers themselves ; in the sanctuary a cylindrical pier is surrounded by four detached shafts of Purbeck marble, as was usual in the Early English period (pp.
		The tie beam usually curved slightly upwards towards the centre, and in the Perpendicular period, when the purlins rested immediately on it, the low pitch of the roof was determined by this curve, as at Wellingborough.
		Perpendicular period.—In spite of the Wars of the Roses, the fifteenth century witnessed an improvement in social conditions and commercial prosperity.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/architecture-75.shtml (11795 words)

	SparkNotes: Mercury: Mercury's Rotation
		Because of the lack of the moderating influence of an atmosphere and its slow period of rotation around its axis, Mercury's surface temperatures are the most extreme in the solar system.
		It is quite possible that the period of rotation of Mercury was much shorter long ago, at the time of the planet's formation.
		As the rotation of the planet proceeds, the distance between that point of the surface and the center of the planet periodically changes.
	www.sparknotes.com /astronomy/mercury/section3.rhtml (510 words)

	English Mediaeval Architecture - Comparative Analysis
		Buttresses gradually became more pronounced than in the Norman period till they were generally equal in projection to their width, in order to resist the outward pressure of the pointed vaults.
		Tudor.—Piers adhered to the slender Perpendicular type with octagonal moulded base and capital, and are principally seen in chantry chapels, sepulchral monuments, and choir stalls, while they were used decoratively in domestic fittings.
		Tudor.—Mouldings are similar to those of the last period, but owing to their use in fittings of domestic buildings, such as chimney-pieces, wall panels, doors, and ceilings, they were generally smaller and more refined.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/architecture-76.shtml (5169 words)

	Billy the Balancing Man
		These ideas of the relationship between the period of oscillation and moment of inertia apply to any object which is initially in stable equilibrium and is then moved from that position.
		The period was 1.13 seconds when the axis was perpendicular to the plane of the toy.
		If the period of oscillation of the new balancing toy was four times larger (with M, g, and d remaining the same), the moment of inertia would be 16 times larger.
	www.clemson.edu /phys-car/fun/balance/index.html (1138 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Perpendicular (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Perpendicular style PERPENDICULAR STYLE [Perpendicular style] term given the final period of English Gothic architecture (late 14th-middle 16th cent.) because of the predominating vertical lines of its tracery and paneling.
		A circle is a conic section cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
		All adjacent faces of a cube are perpendicular to each other; any one face of a cube may be its base.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Perpendicular (713 words)

	Perpendicular style - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		PERPENDICULAR STYLE [Perpendicular style] term given the final period of English Gothic architecture (late 14th-middle 16th cent.) because of the predominating vertical lines of its tracery and paneling.
		Elaborate traceried fan vaulting was one of the distinctive creations of the style, and roofs of complex open-timber construction were numerous.
		A number of elaborate chapels were built in this period, especially at Oxford and at Cambridge (where King's College Chapel is a notable example), as well as various academic buildings, such as the divinity school at Oxford (completed 1480).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-perpendi.html (325 words)

	Gothic Architecture in England
		It is in the Early English period (1200-1275) that the Gothic style became truly adapted by English craftsmen/architects.
		This period is also called "Lancet", referring to the pointed lancet windows (narrow, untraceried) that characterize it.
		Most parish churches in Britain date from the Medieval Gothic period, and it can be a fascinating exercise to trace the changes in style as the church was remodelled over time.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/Gothic-architecture.htm (806 words)

	The Works of Author Adele Kenny
		These analogous periods were characterized by increasingly elaborate geometrical decoration on structural forms, intricate tracery, use of ogee or S-curves, and decoration with lobe or plant-shaped curves called “foils” that were formed by the cusping of circles or arches (trefoils, quatrefoils, cinquefoils, and multi-foils).
		By this period, the rose window (a circular stained glass window with radiating tracery in the form of a rose) had been introduced and windows in general had become wider than lancet openings, resulting in less wall space.
		The period from 1855-1885 is known as “High Victorian Gothic” during which an enormous range of Gothic-style buildings (from hotels to railway stations to private houses) and structures like the Albert Memorial were constructed.
	home.att.net /~yorkshirehouse/articles/gothic.html (2294 words)

	Debye-Scale Plasma Structures Associated with Magnetic-Field-Aligned Electric Fields
		The perpendicular size appears to be influenced by ion motion.
		Quasi-static, magnetic-field-aligned (parallel) potentials are known to be the primary energy source for particle acceleration in the "upward" magnetic-field-aligned current region of the auroral zone where precipitating electrons create a visible display.
		In the frame of the ions, the perpendicular energy gain is a significant fraction of the ion thermal energy.
	sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu /fast/science/ree_fast_prl (2042 words)

	Rotation and Flash Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The size of the synodic effect depends on the attitude of the satellite with respect to the sun, the observer and the rotation axis.
		Objects with long rotation periods are also more prone to a larger synodic effect, for essentially the same reason (more change of geometry per period since the period is long).
		You can circumvent this problem by counting an even number of periods, since even for non-tumbling rockets the time between the first and the third flash is the rotation period (influenced by the synodic effect, of course).
	satobs.org /tumble/rotandfp.html (1058 words)

	PERPENDICULAR PERIOD - Online Information article about PERPENDICULAR PERIOD
		developed into flamboyant tracery, and the introduction of the perpendicular lines was a reaction in the contrary direction.
		clerestory windows which constitute the finest features in the churches of this period.
		The earliest examples of the Perpendicular period, dating from 1360, are found at See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAS_PER/PERPENDICULAR_PERIOD.html (607 words)

	Church Architecture
		The building of the present Church was begun in the year1362 on the site of an earlier Church, at the close of the period of the "Decorated Style" but the complete structure, as it stands today, was not finished until well into the "Perpendicular Period".
		The timbers of the roof in the nave are nearly all modern and belong to the restoration work done in 1866, but in the Lady Chapel there are considerable remains of the old timbers.
		Lady Chapel on the south side of the Chancel is separated from it by arches and parclose screen.
	www.wingfield-suffolk.org.uk /architecture/architecture.htm (463 words)

	England : Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		From the Norman period on, most churches consist either of a single, wide aisle or a wide central nave flanked by two narrower aisles.
		This main nave/aisle assemblage is usually crossed by a perpendicular corridor called a transept near the far, east end of the church so that the floor plan looks like a Latin Cross (shaped like a crucifix).
		Perpendicular windows tend to be wide, under flattened arches, with their bulk divided into dozens of tiny pointed panes by mullions (vertical bars) and transoms (horizontals bars).
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=221&catID=0221026568 (2469 words)

	Earthlore Gothic Architecture Glossary: Art Periods and Styles Related to Gothic Cathedrals
		The closing period of French Gothic during the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries.
		The Perpendicular is clearly influenced by traditional Classicism in manners which are often impressively noble.
		Much of the spiritual expression silenced at the end of the Gothic building period found new voice within Renaissance art forms, although their expression was fundamentally distinct from the Gothic style, which was perceived as crude and barbaric.
	www.elore.com /Gothic/Glossary/periods.htm (854 words)

	A closer look at the synodic effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Flashing satellites are always under the influence of the synodic effect, the effect that is responsible for the difference between the rotation period and the flash period.
		The flash period is the time between two flashes as seen by the observer, the rotation period is the time the rocket needs to turn around its axis once.
		If the satellite were stationary with respect to the observer, the flash period would be equal to the rotation period.
	www.satobs.org /flash/92/node7.html (1351 words)

	GiminghamChurch
		is 15th century perpendicular with a stair case projection on the North side and drip moulding over the bell openings and the windows below.
		Contrasts the tower, nave and porch which are all the 15th century the 'perpendicular period'.
		There may have been an earlier church on the site as the quions (external corners) of the East wall of the Chancel have long and short work in ashlar, a typical Saxon method of constuction.
	www.geocities.com /shazamum/GiminghamChurch.html (394 words)

	[No title]
		This style of Gothic architecture in England is referred to as ‘Perpendicular' because of its stark, rigid exteriorlines.
		There are elements of an Egyptian influence due to the frequent visits many English merchants, artists, and pilgrims were making to the east.
		The Perpendicular stage in Gothic became the standard for cathedral building for nearly two hundred years, or until the Reformation.
	members.tripod.com /~gothic_architecture/perpendicular.html (152 words)

	Transom
		In domestic work, on account of the opening casements, they are more frequently found.
		In the later Gothic, and more especially the Perpendicular period, the introduction of transoms became very general in windows of all kinds.
		The phrase "over the transom" refers to works submitted for publication without being solicited; the image being invoked that of a writer tossing a manuscript through the open window over the door of the publisher's office.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Transom.html (155 words)

	X-bit labs - Hardware news - Seagate Readies Rapid Shift to Perpendicular Recording Tech.
		Seagate’s first hard disk drive to use platters with perpendicular recording capability will be 2.5” Momentus 5400.3 with capacity of 160GB and ship date scheduled for winter.
		Perpendicular recording gets its name from the vertical alignment of data bits on the plane of the disk, which takes less room in contrast to the horizontal orientation of today’s longitudinal recording technology.
		To be accurately recorded and read, the more closely-packed perpendicular bits also require a closer association between the read/write head and the recording media.
	www.xbitlabs.com /news/storage/display/20050726131805.html (497 words)

	Great Britain : Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		From the Norman period on, most churches consist either of a single wide aisle, or a wide central nave flanked by two narrow, less tall aisles.
		All styles: The facade, nave, and chapter house of York Minster (1220-1480), which preserves the most medieval stained glass in Britain, are decorated, though the chancel is perpendicular, and the transepts survive from early English.
		This early Elizabethan-era architect was responsible for one of the greatest mansions of the period: Longleat House (1559-80), an elegant Wiltshire manse with a park designed by premier Renaissance landscape architect and garden designer Capability Brown.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=2498&catID=2498026568 (2679 words)

	Apparent motions of the Sun and Moon
		However, in real life, the Earth's rotation axis is NOT perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.
		There are several different periods which astronomers use to describe the motion of the Moon.
		This is a little longer than the sidereal period because the Moon has to "catch up" to the motion of the Earth around the Sun.
	spiff.rit.edu /classes/phys301/lectures/sunmoon/sunmoon.html (981 words)

	Roxton
		Fawcett architect, of Cambridge, and in 1893 the tower was repaired and a peal of 5 bells hung, at a cost of £260.
		The parish record transcripts for St. Mary are available on microfiche for the period 1684-1812 from the
		The BFHS Project in conjunction with Roll of Honour contains the Roxton St Mary War Memorial transcription for WW1 and WW2 with details of the men found on it
	www.genuki.org.uk:8080 /big/eng/BDF/Roxton/index.html (223 words)

	Math Forum Discussions - force perpendicular to the motion-really need help
		Is it that since centripetal force only pulls on object for such a brief period of time,that it only has time to change velocity's direction and then centripetal force already changes its position and the story again repeats itself ?
		And after that (after it is no longer perpendicular to velocity vector)F1 should also start changing V's magnitude (by increasing y component)
		The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel School of Education.
	www.mathforum.org /kb/thread.jspa?forumID=56&threadID=1240544&messageID=3970459 (232 words)

	Long period moment of 2004 Sumatra earthquake
		Measurements of seismic energy at vibration periods much longer than previously studied show that the earthquake was approximately three times larger than previously reported.
		The amplitudes of the earth's split normal modes show the larger fault area, because they are better fit by a source at 7N, in the center of the rupture zone, than by one at the epicenter at 3N.
		In particular, the large tsunami amplitudes in Sri Lanka and India result from rupture on the northern, north-trending, segment because tsunami amplitudes are largest perpendicular to the fault.
	www.earth.northwestern.edu /people/seth/research/sumatra.html (987 words)

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