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	Perpendicular recording - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perpendicular recording is a recently implemented technology for data recording on hard disk.
		Perpendicular recording is believed to be capable of delivering up to 10 times the storage density of longitudinal recording, on the same recording media.
		The popular explanation for the advantage of perpendicular recording is that it achieves higher storage densities by aligning the poles of the magnetic elements, which represent bits, perpendicularly to the surface of the disk platter, as shown in the illustration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perpendicular_recording (848 words)

	Perpendicular recording: the next generation of magnetic recording - Tape/Disk/Optical Storage Computer Technology ...
		In longitudinal recording, the magnetization in the bits on a disc is flipped between lying parallel and anti-parallel to the direction in which the head is moving relative to the disc.
		In perpendicular recording, the magnetization of the disc-- instead of lying in the disc's plane as it does in longitudinal recording--stands on-end perpendicular to the plane of the disc.
		In perpendicular recording, the media is deposited on a soft magnetic underlayer that functions as part of the write field return path and effectively produces an image of the recording head that doubles the recording field, thus enabling one to record bits at a higher density than longitudinal recording.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BRZ/is_5_23/ai_103731260 (818 words)

	Guzik - Magnetic Recording Systems and Measurements Chapter 7
		In the case of longitudinal recording the grains magnetization is lying in the plane of the magnetic medium.
		In the case of perpendicular recording, the head is sensitive to media magnetization, therefore the uniformly magnetized media region generates constant read-back voltage of a given polarity in the read sensor.
		The recording medium is characterized by the recording layer thickness, distance between recording layer and the soft underlayer and the thickness of the soft under-layer.
	www.guzik.com /solutions_chapter7.shtml (4401 words)

	Perpendicular magnetic recording medium and manufacturing method thereof - Patent 7045225
		The perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is disk-shaped, and the direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic layer is the radial direction of the substrate.
		The perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is disk-shaped, and the direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic layer is the radial direction of the substrate.
		The perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is disk-shaped, and the direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic layer is the radial direction of the substrate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7045225.html (3520 words)

	Perpendicular Hard Drive Technology
		As indicated by the name, longitudinal recording is a method of recording data to a hard disk drive (HDD) in such a way that the data bits are aligned horizontally in relation to the drive's spinning platter, which is parallel to the surface of the disk.
		Perpendicular recording differs from longitudinal recording in that data bits are aligned vertically (not horizontally) — or perpendicular to the disk, which allows for additional room on a disk to pack more data, thus, enabling higher recording densities.
		It is widely believed that with perpendicular recording, the superparamagnetism barrier can be pushed further back allowing for continued growth in the areal density of the media for some time.
	www.webopedia.com /DidYouKnow/Computer_Science/2006/perpendicular_hard_drive_technology.asp (1303 words)

	'Perpendicular recording' to boost hard drive capacity - info-tech - 04 April 2005 - New Scientist
		Perpendicular recording uses different-shaped heads to magnetise disc sectors so that the polarity points either up or down - at 90° to the disc’s surface.
		Perpendicular recording promises to extend this limit by allowing sectors to be packed together more closely.
		Perpendicular recording was first developed during the 1970s and several other hard drive makers, including Seagate and Toshiba, are currently developing similar technologies.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7226 (533 words)

	CORNICE DEMONSTRATES PERPENDICULAR RECORDING TECHNOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In contrast, perpendicular recording aligns the bits vertically, perpendicular to the disk, which allows additional room on a disk to pack more data, enabling higher recording densities.
		Perpendicular recording enables improved ability of a bit to retain its magnetic charge, a property called coercivity.
		Since perpendicular recording is technically the closest alternative to longitudinal recording, it is enabling the industry to capitalize on current knowledge while delaying the superparamagnetic effect.
	www.corniceco.com /news/010306.html (361 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| Tiny drives set for space boost
		Perpendicular recording was pioneered by the late 19th century work of Danish scientist Valdemar Poulsen, who demonstrated magnetic recording with his telegraphone.
		Perpendicular recording methods overcomes the problem and aligns data bits vertically, perpendicular to the disk.
		Hitachi said it would start using perpendicular recording in the next generation of its products, in 2007, but it said its true potential would be realised in the 200 plus gigabit per square inch range.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/technology/4411649.stm (740 words)

	Toshiba ships first harddrive with perpendicular recording tech \| TG Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		PMR, short for perpendicular magnetic recording, is believed to increase the capacity of harddrives substantially: Toshiba's first PMR device is a single platter 1.8" model with a storage density of 133 Gbit per square inch.
		Perpendicular recording has turned out to be key to increase capacities of harddrives for a few more years before the storage industry will have to think more seriously about switching from the current, 32-year old, "Winchester" tech to optically-assisted approaches.
		Perpendicular recording is based on a concept to align data not just horizontally, but also vertically.
	www.tgdaily.com /2005/08/16/toshiba_ships_first_harddrive_with_perpendicular_recording_tech (469 words)

	Storage Technology
		The result is “flipped bits” – bits whose magnetic north and south poles suddenly and spontaneously reverse – that corrupt data, rendering it and the storage device unreliable and thus unusable.
		Longitudinal recording, as its name indicates, aligns the data bits horizontally, parallel to the surface of the disk.
		In contrast, perpendicular recording aligns the bits vertically, perpendicular to the disk, which allows additional room on a disk to pack more data, thus, enabling higher recording densities.
	www.hitachigst.com /hdd/research/recording_head/pr/index.html (269 words)

	Hitachi Demos 230 Gb Per Square Inch Data Density on Perpendicular Recording
		Perpendicular recording has its roots in the late 19th century work of Danish scientist Valdemar Poulsen, who is generally considered the first person to magnetically record sound using perpendicular recording.
		Professor Shun-ichi Iwasaki, president and chief director of Japan's Tohoku Institute of Technology, is considered to be the father of modern perpendicular recording and is among the early testers of Hitachi's perpendicular recording hard drives.
		With longitudinal recording, the hard drive industry is quickly approaching a physical barrier called the "superparamagnetic limit," which occurs when the microscopic magnetic grains on the disk become so tiny that they are not strong enough to resist the various factors tending to demagnetize them.
	www.physorg.com /news3588.html (1723 words)

	V I P E R L A I R .com - Seagate Barracuda 750GB 7200.10, Page 1/3
		Seagate does introduces Perpendicular Recording Technology which is a a new technology for their desktop drives.
		Perpendicular recording addresses the shortcomings of longitudinal recording by aligning the bit magnetization in a "standing" position.
		In perpendicular recording, a soft underlayer is put down between the substrate and the recording layer.
	www.viperlair.com /reviews/storage/hdd/seagate/720010 (1298 words)

	X-bit labs - Hardware news - Perpendicular Recording Boosts Reliability, Performance — Seagate.
		Perpendicular recording gets its name from the vertical alignment of data bits on the plane of the disk, which takes less room in contrast to the horizontal orientation of today’s longitudinal recording technology.
		While the benefit that the perpendicular recording brings in terms of capacity is indisputable, other industry experts have not yet noted that the technology also improves reliability of hard disk drives.
		Moreover, Western Digital recently claimed that its yields of the media with perpendicular recording were lower compared to traditional horizontal recording tech.
	www.xbitlabs.com /news/storage/display/20060404201515.html (501 words)

	Perpendicular recording: Why it matters: ZDNet Australia: Insight: Hardware
		Though it departs from the current method of recording, perpendicular recording is technically the closest alternative to longitudinal recording, enabling the industry to capitalise on current knowledge while delaying the superparamagnetic effect.
		Using perpendicular recording, the effects of superparamagnetism can be further forestalled, which would create opportunities for continued growth in real density at a rate of about 40 percent each year.
		Perpendicular magnetic recording represents an important opportunity for companies in the hard drive industry to continue to grow capacities at a reasonable pace.
	www.zdnet.com.au /insight/hardware/soa/Perpendicular_recording_Why_it_matters/0,139023759,139191652-2,00.htm (1013 words)

	Toshiba : Press Releases 14 December, 2004
		This success rests on development of a new magnetic disk structured to support perpendicular recording, a new high performance perpendicular magnetic head, and disk and head integration technology that maximizes their combined performance.
		By standing the magnetic bits on end, perpendicular recording reinforces magnetic coupling between neighboring bits, achieving stable higher recording densities and improved storage capacity.
		The perpendicular recording system is suitable for high density recording because of the strong magnetic coupling between neighboring magnetic bits.
	www.toshiba.co.jp /about/press/2004_12/pr1401.htm (468 words)

	Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) - Express Computer
		Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) was first demonstrated in the 19th century by a Danish scientist called Valdemar Poulsen when he recorded sound magnetically.
		The hard drive industry was born in 1956 and since then horizontal recording technology has dominated hard drives.
		In the conventional recording system the magnets representing the bits are lined up end-to-end along the circular tracks in the plane of disk.
	www.expresscomputeronline.com /20060501/technology04.shtml (383 words)

	Perpendicular Drives Take Data Straight Up - Hardware News by InformationWeek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The vertical storage of perpendicular recording is poised to become the most significant hard-drive technology transition of the last decade, according to Hitachi Global Storage.
		Nevertheless, perpendicular recording is expected to help vertically integrated companies such as Hitachi GST and Seagate Technology distance themselves, at least temporarily, from their competition.
		For cost and time-to-market reasons, drive makers are generally expected to introduce perpendicular recording using recording heads that are as similar as possible to those in today's longitudinal drives.
	www.desktoppipeline.com /160701189 (1229 words)

	Perpendicular recording promises roomier iPods - ZDNet UK News
		In normal longitudinal recording, these areas lie flat on the surface of the disk: in perpendicular media, they are stacked on end like straws in a box.
		Toshiba claims it is the first storage company to deploy perpendicular recording in a commercial device.
		Last year Maxtor announced it had found a way of using perpendicular recording to cram twice as much storage capacity into a typical disk, at no additional cost.
	news.zdnet.co.uk /hardware/storage/0,39020366,39181167,00.htm (483 words)

	Perpendicular Recording: A Future Technology or a Temporary Solution - Litvinov, Khizroev (ResearchIndex)
		As envisioned by the industry and academia leaders, perpendicular recording is the most likely candidate for the technology implemented in the next generations of hard drives.
		Litvinov, D. and Khizroev, S. (2002) "Perpendicular recording: A future technology or a temporary solution," Proceedings of the 10 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Conference on Mass Data Storage Systems and Technologies, 1-19.
		2 The role of perpendicular recording in the future of hard di..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /533558.html (526 words)

	Seagate Technology News Release Seagate Ships World's First 160GB Notebook PC Hard Drives with Perpendicular Recording ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Perpendicular recording stands data bits on end on the disc, rather than flat to the surface as with existing longitudinal recording, to deliver new levels of hard drive data density and capacity.
		The perpendicular recording performance boost comes without increases in power consumption or heat generation - crucial as remote users look to work longer between battery charges and system builders seek to pack more performance in smaller notebooks.
		Perpendicular recording is a key addition to the 2.5-inch Momentus family, allowing the drives to deliver higher capacity and performance without increasing spin speed, power consumption or heat dissipation.
	www.seagate.com /cda/newsinfo/newsroom/releases/article/0,1121,2949,00.html (863 words)

	Perpendicular magnetic recording medium patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a conventional recording method referred to as an in-plane (longitudinal) recording method, it is difficult to greatly reduce the grain size of magnetic particles because of thermal instability.
		A general perpendicular magnetic recording method employs a dual-layer medium fabricated by forming a soft magnetic backing layer (base layer) on a substrate and forming a perpendicularly magnetized film on the soft magnetic backing layer with a nonmagnetic layer interposed therebetween.
		A Ta adhesion layer 6 having a thickness of 1 nm is formed on a 2.5-inch glass disk substrate 4 by sputtering, and an NiFe base layer 8 having a thickness of 50 nm is formed on the Ta adhesion layer 6 by sputtering.
	www.freshpatents.com /Perpendicular-magnetic-recording-medium-dt20050609ptan20050123805.php (1442 words)

	My-ESM - Hard-disk drive industry braces for sweeping technology changes
		Industry executives say the longitudinal recording technology that has formed the bedrock of the HDD market soon will be replaced by perpendicular recording processes.
		As opposed to longitudinal recording, where the bits are impressed in a parallel format along the surface of a disc, perpendicular recording stands the bits on end, enabling more data storage per square inch.
		Perpendicular recording will be required at the point when products reach capacities of about 100- to 200Gbits per sq.
	www.my-esm.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=12800931 (1366 words)

	Magnetic head for perpendicular magnetic recording patent invention
		[0004] High densification of recording media for magnetic recording devices is achieved using perpendicular magnetic recording systems wherein magnetic information is recorded in the direction perpendicular to the recording surfaces of the recording media, and magnetic heads for perpendicular magnetic recording are employed for the recording on the recording media.
		When using a double-layer recording medium, it is necessary to carry out magnetic recording on the recording medium using a magnetic head which comprises a magnetic pole and a return yoke.
		[0006] To achieve higher recording density, on the other hand, it is preferred to increase not only the linear recording density of the recording medium, but also to narrow the width of the pole tip to increase the track density.
	www.freshpatents.com /Magnetic-head-for-perpendicular-magnetic-recording-dt20051229ptan20050286170.php (1080 words)

	Maxtor's new slant on disk recording \| CNET News.com
		With the new media and perpendicular recording technology, Maxtor said it is possible to more than double the amount of data that can be crammed onto a typical disk, from the standard 80GB per 3.5-inch platter to 175GB.
		In longitudinal recording, charges are arranged horizontally on the surface of the platter.
		Perpendicular recording is decades old, but it has yet to be widely used.
	news.com.com /2100-1015-5089953.html (716 words)

	Toshiba Perpendicular Magnetic Recording - Popular Science
		Perpendicular recording, a new way of writing data to a hard disk, creates the possibility for these kinds of capacities, just as we're approaching the physical limits of traditional recording methods.
		Perpendicular recording stands the bits on-end so that more fit into the same space.
		The entire hard-drive industry will go perpendicular within a few years, but Toshiba was the first to market with a 1.8-inch single-platter 40-gigabyte drive (previous 40-gig drives this size used two platters, burning more battery life) in its Gigabeat MP3 player.
	www.popsci.com /popsci/bown2005/computing/155ac18872927010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html (234 words)

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