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Topic: Persian Fallow Deer

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Defined strictly, a deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae.
		Deer are widely distributed, with representatives in all continents except Australia, Antarctica, and Africa.
		Deer meat, for which they are hunted and farmed, is called venison.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Deer (1203 words)

	Persian Fallow Deer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Persian fallow deer are bigger than (Small Eurasian deer) fallow deer, their (Deciduous horn of a member of the deer family) antlers bigger and less palmated.
		Persian fallow deer were introduced into (An island in the eastern Mediterranean) Cyprus in the pre-pottery (Latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere)) Neolithic (PPNA).
		While (Common deer of temperate Europe and Asia) red deer are known to cross open water in their seasonal migrations, for example on the Scottish islands, this behaviour is unknown in fallow deer.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/persian_fallow_deer.htm (262 words)

	Fallow Deer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fallow Deer (Dama dama) is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae.
		In the Levant, fallow deer was an important source of meat in the Palaeolithic Kebaran-culture (17.000-10.000 BC), as is shown by animal bones from sites in northern Israel, but the numbers decreased in the following epi-Palaeolithic Natufian culture (10.000-8.500 BC), perhaps because of increased aridity and the decrease of wooded areas.
		The fallow deer was spread across central Europe and Britain by the Romans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fallow_Deer (464 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Fallow deer
		Fallow deer were introduced to British parks and forests by the Normans in the eleventh century and have since become the most widespread species of deer in Britain.
		Fallow deer have many colour varieties, but they are typically fawn-coloured in the summer and reddish-brown in the winter.
		Fallow deer are native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and from Turkey to Iran, but they have been introduced to 38 countries.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/276.shtml (302 words)

	Persian fallow deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Persian fallow deer is classified as endangered by the IUCN (1996).
		The history of this deer is a made of numerous "extinct" phases, each followed by a surprising rediscovery.
		After enjoying widespread familiarity in ancient times (the Persian fallow deer is depicted in artwork from before the 9th Century BCE), this deer "disappeared" - or rather was forgotten - until 1875 when Robertson, an English Vice Consul, found a new species in southern Persia, and submitted his discovery to the British Museum in London.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Artiodactyla/Dama_mesopotamica.html (661 words)

	Hunting TROPHY \| EUROPEAN FALLOW DEER
		Sometimes called common fallow deer to distinguish it from the endangered Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica) of Iran.
		It is known from fossils that fallow deer, or something very similar, lived in many parts of Europe during the Pleistocene Epoch, but most (if not all) of them died out during the last glaciation when ice covered most of Europe.
		Modern fallow deer are thought to have originated in the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, the island of Rhodes, and Anatolia (Asian Turkey).
	www.trophyhunt.ru /eng/hunting-tours/European-Fallow-deer.php (530 words)

	FALLOW - Online Information article about FALLOW
		DEER (O. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf.
		green fallow " is land planted with turnips, potatoes or some similar crop in rows, the space between which may be cleared of weeds by hoeing.
		Persian fallow-deer (C. [DJ mesopotamicus), a native of the mountains of Luristan, is larger than the typical species, and has a brighter coat, differing in some details of colouring.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/FALLOW.html (933 words)

	Fallow Deer information, ecological notes about fallow, pictures, sounds and video clips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Persian Fallow is now restricted to a small area in Iran and Iraq and there is debate amongst taxonomists over whether they are actually a sub-species or a species in their own right.
		Fallow will often stand quite motionless and are not seen until they are practically stood on or the movement of a flicking ear gives away their presence.
		With Fallow the doe is the most vocal of the sexes and she will communicate with her fawn and other members of the doe group with a variety of squeaks and bleats throughout the year.
	www.deer-uk.com /fallow_deer.htm (2875 words)

	Animal Info - Persian Fallow Deer
		Fallow deer live in herds, with males establishing territories during the breeding season.
		Persian fallow deer were re-introduced in Israel in September of 1996 in the Kziv Nature Reserve in northern
		The fallow deer is principally a grazer, with grass accounting for over 60% of its diet in summer.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/artiperi/damameso.htm (677 words)

	Encyclopedia: Persian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran).
		The Persians of Iran (which was named Persia until 1935) are an Iranian people who speak the Farsi dialect of Persian and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well.
		The Persian cat is one of the oldest breeds of cat.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Persian (481 words)

	Lion Country Safari - Animal Information - Fallow Deer
		Fallow deer are active mainly nocturnally and exhibit peak activity periods during dusk and dawn.
		Fallow deer are preyed on by humans and large predators in the areas in which they occur, such as wolves, cougars,
		Dama dama mesopotamica (Persian fallow deer) is considered the rarest and least known mammal of its size.
	www.lioncountrysafari.com /AnimalInfo/FallowDeer.htm (1383 words)

	Ladywildlifes Fellow Deer Page
		The fallow deer, with its spotted fawn coat and broad, flattened antlers, is one of the most familiar looking deer.
		Wild fallow deer live in small herds, though groups of 70 or more deer are common in parks and estates.
		The fallow deer's relative, the Persian fallow deer, was believed to be extinct until a tiny population was later "rediscovered" in 1955 along the border of Iran and Iraq.
	ladywildlife.com /animal/fallowdeer.html (739 words)

	Deer: Albino Deer - Persian Fallow Deer - Prophecy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Deer: Albino Deer - Persian Fallow Deer - Prophecy
		The fallow deer was completely wiped out in Palestine by hunting, deforestation and the spread of towns and villages.
		In 2003, two male fallow deer wee located in a German zoo and brought to Israel in a complex, expensive operation.
	www.crystalinks.com /albinodeer.html (902 words)

	Welcome to Fallow Hallow Deer Farm- Deer Information Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Deer farming is not a new concept, in fact the farming of fallow venison stock follows a 500 year old Royal European tradition.
		The majestic antlers of the Fallow Deer, coupled with their beautiful spotted coats and the world’s premier venison explain why they were sought after by European Royalty for over 500 years.
		The Fallow Deer: The Fallow Deer is a native European deer.
	www.fallowhollow.com /Pages/fhfarm/deer.html (351 words)

	M-NET - Hornless Deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica), once prevalent in Israel and mentioned in the Bible, are now in danger of extinction.
		The male deer lose their horns at the end of the courtship and mating season when they no longer need them to wage their battles for leadership of the herd and to impress the females.
		The deer were brought to the reserve from the Carmel Hai Bar several years ago by the Nature and Park Reserve Authority in order to create an additional gene pool for these rare animals.
	www.m-net.co.il /english/history/deer.html (381 words)

	Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction
		The deer and the gazelle, and the fallow deer, and the wild goat and the adax, and the bison, and the wild sheep.
		The Mesopotamian or Persian fallow deer(Dama dama mesopotamica) is considered to be one of the rarest species of deer in the world; overhunting brought this species to the verge of extinction worldwide.
		Biologists have also added to what they already knew about the Persian fallow deer: their average weight and height is 150 kilograms and 100 centimeters respectively, their life span about 16 years and their gestation period seven and a half months, producing a single fawn.
	www.gazelle.8m.net /photo3.html (3799 words)

	DEER STYLES, FASHION AND RESEARCH CENTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Australia does have six introduced_species of deer that have established sustainable wild populations from Acclimatisation Society releases in the 19th Century.
		Red Deer introduced into New_Zealand in early 1900s (a gift from United States President Theodore_Roosevelt) have been largely domesticated in deer_farms since the late 1960s and are common farm animals there now.
		Note that the terms indicate the origin of the groups, not their modern distribution: the Water_Deer, for example, is a new world species but is found only in China and Korea.
	www.cashorclothes.com /deer (1100 words)

	deer -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Deer occur mainly in forests but may be found in habitats as diverse as deserts, tundra,...
		Included among the approximately three dozen species in the deer family are moose; wapiti, or red deer; and caribou, or reindeer.
		The deer family's second largest member is Cervus elaphus, which is called the wapiti or elk in North America and the red deer in the rest of its range.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9029728?&query=deer (687 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		FAUNA The most notable mammal present is Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica (E), thought to have become extinct by 1949 and rediscovered in 1956 in western Iran near the border with Iraq.
		The deer population on the island is currently estimated at 20.
		Threatened deer: proceedings of a working meeting of the deer specialist group on the survival service commission the IUCN Threatened deer programme and a dossier on the planning of restoration programmes for threatened mammals with special reference to deer.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/1656v.htm (449 words)

	Reintroduction of animal and plant species extinct from Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dama dama mesopotamica (Persian Fallow Deer) is an attractive, endangered species that was to be found in Israel until the start of the 20th century.
		Three male Fallow Deer were released (July, 1997) on an island in the Lake Agmon, in order to find out to what extent water is an obstacle to the species, and how the animals integrate into the surrounding area of rangeland and intensive agricultural lands under free roaming conditions.
		As one of the purposes of the project is to determine the impact of deer grazing on the native vegetation, a survey of the vegetation was conducted prior to their introduction (Table 1).
	www.migal-life.co.il /reintro.htm (1857 words)

	fallow deer -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The fallow deer was probably native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia but has been introduced in many areas and now occurs wild in Europe and elsewhere.
		In New Zealand, however, transplanted imports such as red and fallow deer and chamois from Europe; sambar, axis, and Japanese deer and tahr from...
		Fallow deer (Dama dama) are a woodland species now mostly in Europe that are more restricted in their range than red or roe deer.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9033652 (729 words)

	fallow deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The males stay on their own and only join the females when in rut at the end of October.
		The latin word Damma, roe-like animal was used for roe deer, gazelles and antelopes lies at the root of the modern scientific name, the late Latin Dama, and the German "Damhirsch", French "daim", Dutch "Damhert".
		In some areas of Central Europe, wild fallow deer, not having any natural enemies, has multiplied so much that they are harmful to young trees.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Fallow_deer.html (397 words)

	The Diplomatic Club - Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Persian fallow deer (Daniel mesopotamica) is a relatively large herbivore.
		With the development of firearms, Persian fallow deer were hunted down en masse almost to extinction.
		At present the Persian fallow deer is one of the rarest deer species in the world.
	www.diplomacy-club.com /israel/news.asp?NewsFile=nature (781 words)

	Jordan MICE 2004
		Originally, the deer population was much higher, but deforestation, desertification and hunting over the past 200 years have led to a severe decline.
		Three Roe deer were used in a captive breeding enclosure in Ajloun in 1988, having been transported from a similar habitat in Turkey.
		Plans are also in progress to re-introduce the Persian Fallow deer – a species that was once common in Jordan, but became extinct by the turn of the last century.
	www.miceonline.net /jordan/ecotourism.htm (2339 words)

	Israel21c
		The Fallow Deer was gone from here and was thought to be completely extinct until a herd of 25 was found in the '50s in Iran, according to the World Wildlife Fund.
		By 1972, the Oryx was completely extinct in the wild, and WWF reported the Roe Deer was hunted to extinction over 50 years ago as well.
		Species now being raised for future release into the wild include the White Oryx, Ostrich, Persian Fallow Deer, Roe Deer and Asiatic Wild Ass, a feat that was once thought to be completely futile.
	www.israel21c.org /bin/en.jsp?enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enDispWho=Views^l109&enZone=Views&enVersion=0& (695 words)

	Persian deer -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Iran lies in southwestern Asia and borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkey and Iraq on the west; the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman on the south; and Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east.
		If the Persians had succeeded, they would have set up local tyrants, called satraps, to rule Greece and would have crushed the first stirrings of democracy in Europe.
		A shallow sea of the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf separates the Arabian Peninsula from Iran in southwestern Asia.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9001119?tocId=9001119 (815 words)

	Green Party of Iran - News
		Habitat and Distribution: The present habitats of the Persian Fallow Deer are the warm regions of South West Iran and the dense forests of khouzestan and Zagros regions, where a natural population can be seen.
		The Persian Fallow Deer is usually nocturnal, being most active at dawn and dusk.
		It is a social animal, living in herds and feeds on grass, foliage and fruit.
	www.iran-e-sabz.org /news/deer.html (278 words)

	Artiodactyla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An incredible diversity is seen in the approximately 220 members of this order, which includes swine, hippopotami, camels, chevrotains, musk deer, giraffes, deer, pronghorns and bovids.
		Deer are found world-wide with the exception of most of Africa and Australia (where they have been introduced).
		Branching antlers are present in the males of all but one species (Hydropotes inermis), and are never borne by females with the exception of Rangifer tarandus.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /artiodactyla.html (1347 words)

	Dinglreiter, Sabine:Eine Feldstudie ?ber die F?tterung ausgew?hlter Zoowiederk?ur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The energyintake of moose (1,8 W DE/kg BMO,75 or 1,6 W DE/kg BM0,75 Persian fallowdeer (1,1 MJ DE/kg BM0,75 and the Eland (0,9 W DE/kg BM0,75 in winter; 0,7W DE/kg BMO,75 in summer) corresponded to the requirements established forthese species.2.
		The Ca and P intake of the wild cattle breeds (110 to 180mg Ca/kg BM; 40 to60mg P/kg BM), the goatlike animals (190 to 300mg Ca/kg BM; 70 to 150mgP/kg BM) and the Persian fallow deer (370mg Ca/kg BM; 120mg P/kg BM)was considerably higher than the maintenance requirement mentioned forthese animals.
		The diets of banteng and takin (summer) were not supplemented with vitamin A. The vitamin A intake of the goatlike animals (416 - 1071 IU/kg BM) and the Persian fallow deers (692 IU/kg BM) exceeded the recommendations for domestic ruminants.
	library.vetmed.fu-berlin.de /diss-abstracts/111597.html (689 words)

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