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	Persian Walnut - More commonly known as the English Walnut
		Convinced that the Persian walnut from the Carpathian Mountain region of his native Poland was hardy enough for Ontario conditions, he returned to Poland on several occasions and brought back several tons of "Carpathian" walnuts which were widely distributed over eastern North America.
		Persian introductions from Germany and Southern Russia have also met with the same success, while the Persians grown in California have proven to be less hardy and unsuited to our climate and shorter season.
		Persian walnuts are very susceptible to walnut blight, a bacterial disease, which attacks the flowers, twigs, leaves and more importantly, the nuts.
	www.songonline.ca /nuts/persian_walnut.htm (908 words)

	Walnut
		Walnuts are similar to pecans in that the time of pollen shedding does not always overlap well with the time of female flower receptivity to pollen.
		Persian walnuts are harvested at the beginning of shuck split, when the seed coat is a light tan color (market preference).
		Freshly harvested Persian walnuts are removed from hulls and dried in forced-air dryers at 100-110°F until 8% moisture content is achieved.
	www.uga.edu /fruit/walnut.html (1139 words)

	Persian Walnut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Persian Walnut (Juglans regia), also known as Common Walnut or English Walnut, is a species of walnut native from the Balkans in southeast Europe east through southwest and central Asia and the Himalaya to southwest China.
		The name Persian indicates its origins in Persia in southwest Asia; 'walnut' derives from the Germanic wal- for "foreign", recognising that it is not a nut native to northern Europe.
		In the Chinese and Korean languages, the edible, cultivated walnut is called 胡桃 (hú táo in Mandarin or 호두 hodu in Korean), which means literally "Hu peach," suggesting that the ancient Chinese associated the introduction of the Persian walnut into East Asia with the Hu barbarians of the regions north and northwest of China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_Walnut (503 words)

	Walnuts
		Walnuts are related to the pecans and hickories and comprise about fifteen species native to various parts of Asia and North and South America.
		Walnut trees were not introduced into Britain until the middle of the 15th century, but, since that time, though, heavy cutting for timber has depleted their numbers.
		Walnut trees have grown both in the wild and in cultivation from Greece and the Caucasus to Japan at elevations up to 10,000 feet.
	www.innvista.com /health/foods/seeds/walnut.htm (1033 words)

	Walnut
		The best-known member of the genus is the Persian walnut or Common walnut Juglans regia, native from the Balkans in southeast Europe, southwest and central Asia to the Himalaya and southwest China.
		The Persian Walnut is often but incorrectly known as "English walnut" in the United States (the species is not native to England).
		Walnut hulls are used as a dye source, yielding a rich yellow-brown color.
	www.woodworkingtoolstore.com /Walnut.html (327 words)

	Walnut Wilt
		This malady is associated with root uptake of a chemical called juglone which is produced by several species of trees in the walnut family, including fl walnut, Persian walnut, butternut, and pecan.
		Juglone is formed in the leaves, fruit hulls, inner bark, and roots of the walnut and is leached or released into the soil.
		The symptoms of walnut wilt closely resemble those of Fusarium and Verticillium wilt; however, the disorder may be distinguished from the other wilts by the constant association of walnut trees with the wilting symptoms.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/walwilt.htm (356 words)

	Nut of the Month Club - December is Walnut Month
		Walnut is the common name for about 20 species of deciduous trees of the genus Juglans in the walnut family, Juglandaceae.
		Walnuts are monoecious, meaning the male flowers are in long, unbranched, drooping catkins; the female flowers are borne singly or in short spikes.
		The so-called English (or Persian) walnut, Juglans regia, actually is native to southeastern Europe and western Asia and does not thrive in Englan.
	www.nutofthemonthclub.com /walnut.shtml? (333 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Wild about walnuts
		The two major species of walnuts in the United States are the English or Persian walnut, which originated in Persia and was brought here from Europe, and the fl walnut, native to the United States.
		The fl walnut, though edible and historically a staple of American Indians, is not used commercially for food because of its hard shell and small nutmeat yield.
		Walnut wood is prized for furniture — in particular burled walnut, used as a veneer and for dashboards in luxury cars.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,515040255,00.html (1294 words)

	Walnut Overview and Potential for Afghanistan
		Walnuts and walnut oil provide essential polyunsaturated fats (Omega-3s fatty acids that have been proven to be heart-healthy compounds) and other vital nutrients. Scientific evidence suggests that omega-3s lower cholesterol, not only protecting the heart, but protect against some cancers and help ease symptoms of inflammatory diseases like arthritis.
		In-shell walnuts are produced in a wide range of sizes, color grades and combinations of sizes and colors to meet the specifications of major walnut buyers.
		Shelled walnuts keep well for up to one year if tightly sealed and refrigerated, or stored in the freezer. In-shell walnuts will remain fresh for several months when stored in a cool, dry place. Care should be taken when storing walnuts with other foods as they may absorb odors from other foods.
	www.agmrc.org /afgagmrc/walnutafg.htm (3761 words)

	tree
		It was therefore common practice in certain regions to plant a walnut tree with the arrival of a new horn.
		There is a profusion of walnut trees in areas ranging from Tabriz to Mashad across the north of the country, and down to Isfahan, Shiraz and Kerman in the center.
		There exists, however, a serious challenge to would-be walnut producers, as the seedlings that are produced from a given mother tree exhibit a very high variability in terms of both timbers and nuts.
	www.iranagrofood.com /mive/tree.htm (667 words)

	Walnut
		Walnut is the name of a type of tree valued for its nuts and wood.
		The U.S. walnut industry is centered in the area around Stockton, Calif. In addition, several hardy varieties of English walnut trees are grown in the Midwest and the East.
		The fl walnut is J. nigra, and the butternut is J. cinerea.
	www.angelfire.com /tn2/minsrecipes/IndigenousPlants/Walnut.htm (436 words)

	Black Walnut Toxicity to Plants, Humans and Horses, HYG-1148-93
		Gardeners should carefully consider the planting site for fl walnut, butternut, or persian walnut seedlings grafted to fl walnut rootstock, if other garden or landscape plants are to be grown within the root zone of mature trees.
		Persian walnut seedlings or trees grafted onto Persian walnut rootstocks do not appear to have a toxic effect on other plants.
		Black walnut leaves may be composted separately, and the finished compost tested for toxicity by planting tomato seedlings in it.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/1000/1148.html (649 words)

	Growing English Walnuts
		English walnut trees do flourish in these countries where their winters are similar to ours.
		They do not cross-pollinate with fl walnuts, but I do know of a beautiful 15 foot tree that bears a bitter nut with a rough shell similar to butternut that could have been a result of cross pollination.
		There are two basic strains of English Walnuts, the first type is a warm climate strain, such as the California walnut and the other is the cold weather strain that was brought to this country from seed gathered in the higher slopes of the Carpathian Mountains of Europe.
	www.pnga.net /carpawalnuts.html (1613 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Advice: Walnut Pruning
		Walnuts grown for fruiting are types of the English or Persian walnut,
		Walnuts grown purely as ornamental trees do best as central leader standards with the lowest branches removed in the early years.
		Avoid pruning walnuts in late winter or early spring (January-April) as the sap rises early and the pruning cuts will bleed profusely.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0805/walnut_pruning.asp (241 words)

	Walnuts - LocalHarvest
		Persian walnuts are referred to as English walnuts because it was English sailors who transported them around the globe.
		The fl walnut is a hardy native of North America, well known and cultivated before the arrival of European settlers.
		Walnuts are good plain, with some Stilton cheese and port wine, or included in various dishes from soups to desserts and dessert cordials.
	www.localharvest.org /walnuts.jsp (476 words)

	Walnut Butter - All Natural or Organic
		Walnuts are one of the most nutrient-dense food sources of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid.
		Walnuts contain important vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and protein, and are the only nut with a significant amount of essential omega-3 fatty acids.
		The walnut butters are great with breakfast foods in that they add a tasty punch to grains as well as protein, go great with fruit and will stave hunger off longer.
	www.futtersnutbutters.com /walnut.html (886 words)

	Is there a walnut in your future? / Mountain Xpress / Asheville, NC
		Walnuts are fantastic trees that protect their territory by releasing a potent chemical into the surrounding soil.
		One reason, historians and horticulturists report, is that it's a fruitful place where the Persian walnut (among hundreds of tree species and other plants) flourishes on mountain slopes at elevations of 4,000 to 7,000 feet.
		In England, a single walnut tree was worth up to 600 pounds at a time when one could live well on only a few pounds a week.
	www.mountainx.com /garden/2003/0820loewer.php (424 words)

	NYS Horticulture Study Guide For Youth
		The name "English walnut" is a misleading one, since this nut originated in the area which is now Iran.
		The term "Carpathian walnut" is used to describe the cold-hardy strains that performed well in the Ukraine, Russia and Czechoslovakia.
		Walnuts should be picked up as soon as possible after they fall from the tree.
	www.hort.cornell.edu /4hplants/Fruits/Walnut.html (236 words)

	Protecting the World’s Walnuts
		J. regia varieties are the mainstay of California’s walnut industry, which produces nearly all of the nation’s $300 million walnut harvest.
		For instance, walnut collection manager and geneticist Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya worked with University of California at Davis colleagues in using samples from repository trees to pinpoint telltale stretches of genetic material called SSRs, or simple-sequence repeats.
		Ed W. Stover and Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya are with the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Tree Fruit and Nut Crops and Grapes, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616; phone (530) 752-6504, fax (530) 752-5974.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/aug05/walnut0805.htm (559 words)

	Nut Culture - Spray Program
		Persian Walnut* - This walnut is also known as the English, Carpathian, French, Chinese, etc. The Hansen and Metcalfe varieties are excellent hardy forms for the western New York area along Lake Ontario.
		The pollen requirements of the different varieties of walnuts and hickories are not known definitely.
		Walnuts need spraying to control cankerworms, bacterial blight, husk maggot and other pests which may seriously reduce the crop.
	www.rnews.com /print.cfm?id=9928 (810 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Persian walnut is often grafted onto fl walnut or paradox hybrid rootstock and the rootstock behaves much like a fl walnut in producing large amounts of juglone.
		Persian walnut on persian rootstock does not produce enough juglone to significantly affect most plants growing in its rootzone, however, I know at least one person who tried growing tomatoes near a persian and found that some suppression of growth occurred.
		The fl walnut is tolerant to the juglone its roots and leaves produce.
	www.selectedplants.com /Trees.htm (610 words)

	Mission Creek - Trees
		It is used as a stock upon which commercially grown English walnut is grafted because its roots are better adapted to local soil conditions and may hybridize with this species.
		English walnut is native to southeastern Europe, the Himalayas, and China.
		English walnut is often grafted onto California fl walnut rootstock so that it will grow better in local soils.
	www.msnucleus.org /watersheds/mission/trees.html (1158 words)

	Accidental Hedonist - Walnuts
		Walnuts were thrown to Roman wedding guests by the groom to bring good health.
		Unless a walnut hit one in the eye or throat, in which case it was fairly safe to say that the nut was thrown by the groom out of sheer sadism.
		The Persian walnut is the one we are all used to.
	www.accidentalhedonist.com /index.php/2005/01/31/walnuts (786 words)

	Making Walnut Ink
		Walnuts have been recognized as one of the oldest tree foods known to man, dating back to about 7000 B.C. Considered food for the gods in the early days of Rome, walnuts were named "Juglans regia" in honor of Jupiter.
		The fl walnut is a hardwood tree that frequently grows to a height of one hundred feet with a trunk diameter of up to six feet.
		The juice from walnut husks was used extensively throughout history as a dye, it is colorfast, lightfast and virtually no solvent removes it from skin.
	home.insightbb.com /~denevell_books/making_walnut_ink.htm (1377 words)

	Diamond Foods, Inc. - Diamond Growers
		The walnut species native to California is the magnificent fl walnut (Juglans Californica).
		But the California walnut industry is based on the nonnative English (or more properly ‘Persian’) walnut, Juglans regia.
		The California walnut industry, however, goes back just 150 years or so, to the introduction of nonnative varieties by the Spanish missionaries in the late 18th century.
	www.diamondofcalifornia.com /growers/GOhistory.htm (366 words)

	Walnut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The best-known member of the genus is the Persian Walnut (Juglans regia), native from the Balkans in southeast Europe, southwest and central Asia to the Himalaya and southwest China.
		Tests after each meal showed that both the olive oil and the walnuts helped reduce the onset of dangerous inflammation and oxidation in the arteries after the meals, which were high in saturated fat.
		Walnuts also contain arginine, which is an amino acid that the body uses to produce nitric oxide -- necessary for keeping blood vessels flexible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Walnut (1200 words)

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