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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Persian Wars
		The Greco-Persian Wars or Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Greek world and the Persian Empire that started about 500 BC and lasted until 448 BC.
		The Persians never really renounced their ambitions, and continued to meddle in Greek affairs in a sort of "cold war"; seducing cities with diplomacy and/or buying them off with gold, and employing Greek mercenaries (most famously Xenophon), until Alexander put an end to the Persian empire.
		For the Greeks, the Persian Wars engendered a consciousness of Greek unity, but the reality was short-lived, and a mere twenty years later the Greek world was torn apart by the Peloponnesian War.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Persian-Wars (1015 words)

	Persian Wars - Encyclopedia.com
		Shortly afterward the Persian fleet was crushed in the straits off the island of Salamis by a Greek force.
		During the remaining period of the Persian Wars the Greeks in the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, under Athenian leadership (see Delian League) strengthened their position without seeking conquest.
		Iraq-Iran frontier and in the waters of the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-PersWars.html (1616 words)

	Greco-Persian Wars - Crystalinks
		The Persian transports, escorted by the fleet, sailed from Samos to Naxos and reached Carystus on the south coast of Euboea.
		Since the bulk of Persian infantry were archers, the Greek plan was to advance in formation until they reached the limit of the archer's effectiveness, the "beaten zone," or roughly 200 yards, then advance in double time to close ranks quickly and bring their heavy infantry into play.
		According to Thucydides, the cause of the war was the "fear of the growth of the power of Athens" throughout the middle of the 5th century BC.
	www.crystalinks.com /grecopersianwars.html (4402 words)

	Ancient Greece: The Persian Wars
		However, when the Persians conquered the Lydians in 546 BC, all the states subject to the Lydians became subject to the Persians.
		But Athens had gotten the attention of the Persians, who desired that Athens be punished for the role it played in the destruction of Sardis.
		The Persian government, however, was embroiled in problems of its own, and it wasn't until Xerxes (486-465 BC) became king, that the Persians really got down to business and launched a punitive expedition against Athens.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM (1167 words)

	Persian Wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The pass was defended by the Spartan Leonidas; his small army held back the Persians but was eventually trapped by a Persian detachment; the Spartan contingent chose to die fighting in the pass rather than flee.
		Shortly afterward the Persian fleet was crushed in the straits off the island of Salamis by a Greek force.
		During the remaining period of the Persian Wars the Greeks in the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, under Athenian leadership (see Delian League) strengthened their position without seeking conquest.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pe/PersWars.html (561 words)

	AllRefer.com - Persian Wars (Ancient History, Greece) - Encyclopedia
		The pass was defended by the Spartan Leonidas; his small army held back the Persians but was eventually trapped by a Persian detachment; the Spartan contingent chose to die fighting in the pass rather than flee.
		Shortly afterward the Persian fleet was crushed in the straits off the island of Salamis by a Greek force.
		During the remaining period of the Persian Wars the Greeks in the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, under Athenian leadership (see Delian League) strengthened their position without seeking conquest.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PersWars.html (619 words)

	Persian War
		Persian dictators were trying to tax the city-states.
		The Persians were short on supplies so they had to return home after their defeat at Marathon.
		The Persians were finally defeated by the Greek navy in a bloody sea battle.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0210200/ancient_greece/persian_war.htm (317 words)

	History of Ancient Athens - The Persian Wars
		At the battle, the Persians lost 6,400 men and seven of their ships were captured, and from the Athenian side, 192 men were killed, among them the polemarch Kallimachos and Stesilaos, one of the ten generals.
		It was from the Persian loot that Pheidias constructed the chryselephantine statue of goddess Athena.
		Pausanias summoned the council of war and took the decision to retreat, to a place called the Island, which was two kilometers further and halfway between it and the town of Plataea.
	www.sikyon.com /Athens/ahist_eg02.html (6957 words)

	Persian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wars between the Greeks and Persians lasted throughout the period of the Persian Achaemenid dynasty (549-330 BC), although the term Persian Wars refers more specifically to the wars of Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes I, which ended in 478 BC.
		The Persians then installed friendly tyrants, and peace was maintained until the reign (521-486) of Darius, when the Ionian towns again rebelled.
		War II Darius's son and successor, Xerxes, determined to punish Athens, invaded Greece in 480.
	library.thinkquest.org /17709/wars/persian.htm (440 words)

	Persian Wars 7 : Polyminia
		For no sooner is war proclaimed than they search out the smoothest and fairest plain that is to be found in all the land, and there they assemble and fight; whence it comes to pass that even the conquerors depart with great loss: I say nothing of the conquered, for they are destroyed altogether.
		The Persians, who were armed in the same way as their own footmen, excepting that some of them wore upon their heads devices fashioned with the hammer in brass or steel.
		Persian governors had been established in Thrace and about the Hellespont before the march of Xerxes began; but these persons, after the expedition was over, were all driven from their towns by the Greeks, except the governor of Doriscus: no one succeeded in driving out Mascames, though many made the attempt.
	www.earth-history.com /Persian/Herod/herodotus-wars-7.htm (19075 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Persian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Persian Wars are said to have been provoked by the gradual rejection of Persian authority by the Greek colonies along the Ionian coast (across the Aegean Sea from Athens, on the shore of the continent of Asia) from 499-494 BC.
		So when the Persians did march into Athens and burn down the city, the women and children had already been transported safely to the nearby city of Troezen (birthplace of Theseus), the old men were taken to the nearby island of Salamis, and only those few who remained behind the walls lost their lives.
		In this final battle of the Persian Wars, the Spartans killed the Persian general Mardonius (whose sword is thereafter displayed in the Erechtheum on the Athenian Acropolis as a spoil of war) and the Athenians decimated the Theban Sacred Band.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /drjclassics/lectures/history/PersianWars/persianwars.shtm (1891 words)

	Persian Wars - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The Persian Wars were a series of military conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire during the 5th century BC.
		Persian Wars, series of military conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century bc.
		War, in international law, armed conflict between two or more governments or states.
	encarta.msn.com /Persian_Wars.html (197 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Graeco-Persian Wars: The Combatants
		The Graeco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts which set the scene for the rise of Classical Greek civilisation.
		Old Persian was instituted as the official language of the Persian Empire, and was used on official inscriptions and Royal decrees, but it was Aramaic that was the most widely-spoken language.
		The Persian army was made up mostly of light troops of varying types, nearly all of which were in large numbers (the population of the Empire was immense, both due to sheer land area and relatively dense populations in some regions).
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A9836698 (2420 words)

	Persian Wars — FactMonster.com
		Persian Wars, 500 B.C., series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire.
		; his small army held back the Persians but was eventually trapped by a Persian detachment; the Spartan contingent chose to die fighting in the pass rather than flee.
		During the remaining period of the Persian Wars the Greeks in the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, under Athenian leadership (see
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0838515.html (559 words)

	Persian Wars - Athens Info Guide
		The Persian Wars, 490–479 BC, were a series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire.
		The Persians encamped 32 km (20 miles) from the city on the coast plain of Marathon.
		During the remaining period of the Persian Wars the Greeks in the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, under Athenian leadership, strengthened their position without seeking conquest.
	www.athensinfoguide.com /history/t2-2persianwars.htm (1495 words)

	The Persian War in ancient Greece
		The initial actions that led to the Persian Wars can be traced back to around 560 BC when the Greek city-states on the coast of Asia Minor, the Ionians, were conquered by the Lydians, led by King Croseus.
		The Persians were left to destroy the deserted cities of Athens and Attica, and then they set off in pursuit of their enemy.
		As a consequence of the wars, most of the Greek states looked upon Athens as the leading city, because it was thought that their fleet had been the decisive factor during the final war.
	vt.essortment.com /persianwaranci_rhnf.htm (1036 words)

	The Persian Wars
		The Persians had a gift, somewhat like that of the Romans later on, to hold different peoples together in a huge empire; the key to their success, perhaps, was the relative autonomy they granted most subject states, as would the Romans.
		He and his Persians were further weakened because they had grow rich and soft; used to luxury and always getting their way, they were in no shape for the rigors of war in Greece.
		The fact that the men fighting in the Persian war on the Greek side considered themselves free men, i.e., men with a say in how the government was run, meant that they were that much the more willing to fight and die to ensure that Greece stayed free from foreign rule.
	www.siu.edu /~dfll/classics/Johnson/GreekCiv/alia/Persian.html (3071 words)

	Persian Gulf Wars — Infoplease.com
		Although the war was a decisive military victory for the coalition, Kuwait and Iraq suffered enormous property damage, and Saddam Hussein was not removed from power.
		Subsequently, much of the intelligence used to justify the war was criticized as faulty by U.S. and British investigative bodies, and the U.S.-led occupation forces struggled into 2006 with Iraqi and Islamic insurgencies and sectarian violence that military and civilian planners had failed to foresee.
		Reaction of Vietnam veterans to the Persian Gulf War.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0838511.html (1236 words)

	Persian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Yet the Persians had difficulty in supplying their army and Xerxes decided to attack the Greek fleet, which had taken refuge in the Strait of Salamis near Athens.
		In the narrow Strait, the superior Persian fleet became disorganised and the Greeks, by skillful maneuvering, were able to win a decisive victory.
		After this defeat the Persians abandoned their expansionist aims and the independence of Greek civilization was secured.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons1_n2/persianwar.html (304 words)

	Greece The Persian Wars - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		For the Greeks, it was a question of survival; for the Persians, on the other hand, occupation of Greece was simply part of their imperial plan.
		Nonetheless, the Persian Wars are significant because they resulted in a separation between Greece and the Near East after centuries of fruitful interaction.
		The most important result of the Persian Wars was a barrier between Greece and the Near East that ruptured a vibrant cultural zone including Phoenicia, Lydia, Egypt, and other cultures of the Near East.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/greece/greece_history_the_persian_wars.html (414 words)

	Prelude to the Persian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The period of Greek history between 492-479 BC is known as the Persian Wars.
		It was a period of contest between the city-states of Greece and the mighty Persian Empire.
		Aristagoras was an opportunist who had been placed in power by the Persians but when he persuaded the Persians to launch a failed expedition against the Greek island of Naxos, he began to fear for his life and went to the Greek mainland for support of the rebellion.
	joseph_berrigan.tripod.com /id25.html (458 words)

	The Story of Mankind - THE PERSIAN WARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For if the truth be told, the Persian Kings regarded the Greek city-states as very dangerous political institutions and bad examples for all other people who were supposed to be the patient slaves of the mighty Persian Kings.
		But the Gods of High Olympus watched over their children and when the Phoenician fleet carrying the Persian troops was near Mount Athos, the Storm-God blew his cheeks until he almost burst the veins of his brow, and the fleet was destroyed by a terrible hurricane and the Persians were all drowned.
		As for the Persians, they tried, after this defeat, to land near Athens but they found the coast guarded and disappeared, and once more the land of Hellas was at peace.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/youth/history/TheStoryofMankind/chap19.html (1870 words)

	Amazon.com: The Greco-Persian Wars: Books: Peter Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		War became like a chess game of position, analysis of the strengths and weakness of all positions, and a bit of guile.
		The Greco-Persian Wars masterfully recounts Xerxes' march through Greece, the heroic battle of Thermopylae, the miraculous Greek naval victory at Salamis, and the subsequent withdrawal of Persian forces.
		The Greco-Persian Wars, despite its' generic title, is an outstanding tale of heroism, bravery, and perserverence that deserves the attention of any history connoisseur.
	www.amazon.com /Greco-Persian-Wars-Peter-Green/dp/0520203135 (1774 words)

	Custom essay on History / Greco-Persian Wars - Essay Empire
		The Persians had the more versatile force, with cavalry, archers, and skirmishing troops, but the Athenian force consisting essentially of hoplites was more heavily armed.
		Knowing they were outnumbered, the Athenians packed their wings as tightly as they could, concentrating as many men as possible on the outer ends of their formation, even though it meant leaving the center thin.
		Despite their numerical superiority the Persians were unable to withstand the disciplined and determined hoplites fighting in defense of their freedom.
	www.essayempire.com /samples/history/grecopersianwars/107.html (2889 words)

	History of Iran: The Persian Wars
		In his account of the campaign of the Persians against Greece and of the Greek efforts to resist it, Herodotos used all the data he could gather about the numerical composition of the forces engaged, as a testing principle.
		Niebuhr asserted that Herodotos' account of the Persian campaign is based upon an epic poem of Choirilos of Samos which built a grandiose and picturesque legend around rather modest events.
		All that can be accepted as certain is that there took place a naval battle at Salamis and a land battle at Plataia, and that the Persians finally had to withdraw from Greece; the sequence of the events, including the dates of these battles, and all the details, cannot be established with any certainty.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/persian_wars1.php (4031 words)

	First Persian War - History for Kids!
		The Persians were especially mad at the Athenians because the Athenians had invaded Anatolia during the Ionian Revolt.
		The Persians knew a lot about Athens and the best way to attack Athens from the exiled Athenian tyrant Hippias, who was living at the court of Darius now.
		But some of the Eretrians were afraid of the Persians anyway, and one of them opened a back door for the Persians in the middle of the night, and so the Persian army got in and took over Eretria through this treachery.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/greeks/history/marathon.htm (607 words)

	The Persian Wars - Ancient Greece Quiz
		The wars between the Persian Empire and the city-states of Ancient Greece helped define the course of western civilization.
		* What we know about the Persian Wars all comes from one source, a Greek historian alternately known as the father of history and as the father of lies.
		* The Persian Wars began when the Greek inhabitants of conquered cities began revolting against their Persian rulers beginning in 499 BCE.
	www.funtrivia.com /trivia-quiz/History/The-Persian-Wars-53098.html (112 words)

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