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Topic: Persian calendar

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Persian calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Persians have always been keen on the idea and importance of calendar system for as long as their documented history has been recorded.
		The present Iranian calendar's leap day system was devised in the 11th century by a panel of scientists including Omar Khayyam, who was one of the foremost leading mathematicians and astronomers of his time, but today is well-known in the West for his poetry.
		This general picture of the Persian calendar's leap-year behaviour contrasts with other ill-informed predictive algorithms which are based on confusion between the astronomers average tropical year (365.2422 days, approximated with mistaken near 128-year cycles) and the mean interval between vernal equinoxes (365.2424 days, approximated here with a near 33-year cycle).
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/pe/Persian_calendar (480 words)

	Iranian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Persians have been keen on the idea and importance of having a calendar system throughout their recorded history.
		However, before work on the new calendar was completed, Muslim Arabs overthrew the dynasty in the 7th century and with their victory, a new lunar calendar based on Islamic principles replaced the old solar calendar of the Sassanid period.
		During the early Pahlavi era in 1925, the lunar calendar was officially replaced by the modern Iranian calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_calendar (2387 words)

	Iranian Calendar Converter
		The Iranian calendar (also known as Persian calendar or the Jalaali Calendar) is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan.
		The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world.
		The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called "Hijri calendar") is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days.
	www.iranchamber.com /calendar/iranian_calendar_converter.php (167 words)

	History & info - various calendars used by smaller groups
		The Ethiopian calendar is based on the Coptic calendar, although it differs with regard to the saint's days and the time of observing them.
		Since the Persian year is defined by the astronomical vernal equinox, the answer is simply: Leap years are years in which there are 366 days between two Persian new year's days.
		However, basing the Persian calendar purely on an astronomical observation of the vernal equinox is rejected by many, and a few mathematical rules for determining the length of the year have been suggested.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-other.html (1435 words)

	Calendar Converter
		The Gregorian calendar was proclaimed by Pope Gregory XIII and took effect in most Catholic states in 1582, in which October 4, 1582 of the Julian calendar was followed by October 15 in the new calendar, correcting for the accumulated discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the equinox as of that date.
		The Julian calendar was proclaimed by Julius Cæsar in 46 B.C. and underwent several modifications before reaching its final form in 8 C.E. The Julian calendar differs from the Gregorian only in the determination of leap years, lacking the correction for years divisible by 100 and 400 in the Gregorian calendar.
		The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar organised as a hierarchy of cycles, each of length 19, commemorating the 19 year period between the 1844 proclamation of the Báb in Shiraz and the revelation by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (5200 words)

	Persian and Iranian Calendars at Best Iran Travel.com
		There are similarity between Gregorian and solar calendar with the exception that the first 6 months of the year have 31 days, the next five have 30 days and the last month has 29 days (30 days in leap year).
		Because of this difference, the gap between the solar and lunar calendar is constantly growing (33 lunar years are equal to 32 solar years).
		Since the lunar calendar is based on the visibility of the new moon, there is a one day difference between the big religious festivals in Iran and in other Islamic countries.
	www.bestirantravel.com /culture/calendars.html (487 words)

	Culture of Iran: Old Iranian Calendars
		There is also an older reference to the Persian year in a short notice by Quintus Curtius Rufus, a historian of the first century AD and biographer of Alexander the Great, from which it may be inferred that the Persian year in his time did not differ from the Zoroastrian year of later centuries.
		The Persian year as we know it in the Islamic period was, in fact, a vague year of 365 days, with twelve months each of thirty days, with the exception of the eighth month, which had thirty-five days or, rather, thirty days plus another five supplementary days, or epagomenae, added to it.
		There must have been, in the Old-Avestan calendar, no doubt in practice, some sort of intercalation in order to keep these seasons and the agricultural and religious festivals which were at the end of the seasons more or less in their fixed places in the tropical year.
	www.iranchamber.com /culture/articles/old_iranian_calendars1.php (4657 words)

	The old Persian calendar
		The old Persian calendar is a pure sun calendar.
		The Epagomenen in the civil calendar was adapted to the religious calendar, that is they were shifted according to the religious calendar in the civil calendar.
		The year of such a calendar has 365 days and in certain distances should auxiliary days be inserted, since otherwise the calendar runs to the actual year asynchronously.
	www.kalendersysteme.de /english/calendar/systems/calendar_13.html (267 words)

	5. The Islamic Calendar
		The calendar is based on the Qur'an (Sura IX, 36-37) and its proper observance is a sacred duty for Muslims.
		The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia (but see section 5.5).
		However, calendars are printed for planning purposes, but such calendars are based on estimates of the visibility of the lunar crescent, and the actual month may start a day earlier or later than predicted in the printed calendar.
	www.tondering.dk /claus/cal/node6.html (794 words)

	The Persian Calendar
		The calendar in use in Iran and Afghanistan today was introduced in Persia in 1925, while Afghanistan adopted the calendar in 1957, using the Arab names of the zodiacal signs for the corresponding months of the Persian calendar.
		The difference between the Gregorian and Persian number of the year is shown in the last column, that difference being 621 for the months from Farvardin to Dey and 622 for the last two months of the Persian year, Bahman and Esfand.
		To convert a Persian date into a Gregorian one first find the column in which the Persian number of the year is to be found.
	www.ortelius.de /kalender/pers_en.php (761 words)

	Calendopaedia - The Persian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Persian calendar was introduced in Persia in 1925 and is used to this day in Iran and Afghanistan.
		It is a solar calendar with 12 months and either 365 or 366 days.
		The calendar is deemed to have started on 21st March 622 AD (Gregorian).
	www.geocities.com /calendopaedia/persian.htm (232 words)

	The Persian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The calendar consists of 12 months, the first six of which are 31 days, the next five 30 days, and the final month 29 days in a normal year and 30 days in a leap year.
		As one of the few calendars designed in the era of accurate positional astronomy, the Persian calendar uses a very complex leap year structure which makes it the most accurate solar calendar in use today.
		So close is this to the actual solar tropical year of 365.24219878 days that the Persian calendar accumulates an error of one day only every 3.8 million years.
	www.calendarhome.com /converter/persian.html (269 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Travel, Celebrations, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		The Persian calendar, which has 365 days in the year, was introduced in 1925.
		The modern Persian calendar uses a complicated leap year rule, defining a 2820-year cycle with 683 leap years, which results a in mean length of a year of 365683/2820 = 365.2422 days.
		The Persian calendar, which is the official calendar in use in Iran today, has 12 months.
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/basics/basics.cfm (1728 words)

	Calendars
		The Islamic calendar: The Islamic calendar is a lunar-only calendar.
		A few calendars, including the Chinese and Hebrew calendars, are true "lunisolar" calendars: the first day of the month is usually close to a New Moon, and a given month occurs at a given time of the solar year.
		Almost all calendars use "months" that either resemble the length of a lunar cycle (29 or 30 days/month), or that are 1/12 of a year (30 or 31 days/month).
	www.projectpluto.com /calendar.htm (5995 words)

	The Calendar
		A calendar which tracks the solar year even better than the Gregorian one is the Persian (Iranian) calendar, the first version of which was devised by Omar Khayyam (1044-1123), author of the famous "Rubaiyat" poems, masterfully translated in 1839 into English by Edward Fitzgerald.
		That is a ceremonial plate with seven (or six) symbolic objects, the centerpiece of the table at the Passover dinner, perhaps the most important celebration of the Jewish year, commemorating an ancient event coinciding with the spring equinox.
		The Persian year itself has 12 months--the first 6 have 31 days, the next 5 have 30 days, and the last has 28 or 29, depending on whether the year is or isn't a leap year.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Scalend.htm (2362 words)

	.: Calendar Conversion
		The Iranian, or Persian calendar is a Solar Calendar.
		The special characteristic of this calendar is that the year is defined by two successive passage of the Sun through the vernal (spring) equinox.
		The Calendar Conversion Program is consisting of a Java class named CalendarConversion and a demonstration program to presnet its functionality.
	www.geocities.com /calendarconversion (286 words)

	Persian calendar
		The modern Persian calendar was adopted in 1925, supplanting (while retaining the month names of) a traditional calendar dating from the eleventh century.
		The Persian calendar is also known as the Sun's Hijri calendar.
		Converting to and from the Persian calendar can be done using the Julian Day Number as an intermediat date representation.
	home.casema.nl /couprie/calmath/persian/index.html (459 words)

	Calendrica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Thus, the correctness of a date on any of the astronomical calendars (Persian, Observational Islamic, French Revolutionary, Chinese, and Future Bahá'í) is contingent on the physical and historical accuracy of the astronomical code used in its calculation.
		Likewise, historically, on the Chinese calendar for Gregorian year 1906, Month 4 began on April 24, not April 23 as shown; this disagreement occurs because our calculations of times of solar and lunar events are more accurate than the seventeenth-century methods used by the Chinese until 1913.
		The astronomical Islamic calendar is an approximation based on one simple way of estimating when the new cresent moon should become visible in Cairo; however, the actual date may depend on reported observations of the crescent moon.
	emr.cs.iit.edu /home/reingold/calendar-book/Calendrica.html (525 words)

	Persian Association at Tufts- Persian Culture
		The Persian calendar is solar like the Christian calendar, but dates from the Arab/Muslim invasion of Iran and the introduction of Islam into the country.
		The Iranian calendar year was briefly changed in commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire in 1971.
		This calendar was unpopular and the nation reverted to the old calendar soon afterwards.
	www.tufts.edu /as/stu-org/persian/irannew.html (1849 words)

	Globalizing ColdFusionMX: persian calendar
		persian calendars in cf seem to have come up a bit lately and since monday was a holiday here in the big mango i had a few hours to put into slapping together something.
		why it's the formal calendar in general use in iran, also known as the solar hijri calendar and sometimes as the jalali calendar.
		it has a boatload of calendars (besides persian it has mayan, nepali, hindu, coptic and believe it or not a french revolutionary calendar).
	cfg11n.blogspot.com /2004/10/persian-calendar.html (282 words)

	Calendar X 10.2.7 – Mac OS X – VersionTracker
		Calendar X is useful as a general Calendar but it is really a must have tool for educational use.
		The goal of Calendar X is to not only provide useful daily information but to educate about history and what calendars have meant to mankind and why.
		Calendars were not invented just to keep everything from happening on the same day.
	www.versiontracker.com /dyn/moreinfo/macosx/14697 (488 words)

	Welcome to Persian Center!
		In the Persian calendar, the new year, which begins on the first day of Spring (the spring equinox), is a planting festival and celebration.
		This event was co-sponsored by Anjoman-e Doostan, Club Scorpio, the Iranian Graduate and Alumni Students of UC Berkeley, the Mehr Foundation, the Nahaal Foundation, the Persian Students Association of Stanford, the Iranian American Chamber of Commerce (SF), and the Society of Iranian Professionals.
		The Persian Center is a non-profit, charitable 501(c3) organization whose mission is to create an environment in which to conduct social, cultural, educational, and recreational activities designed to strengthen the sense of identity and integrity of all Iranians and Iranian descendants, and to engage individuals interested in or related to Persian community and culture.
	www.persiancenter.org /news/032102.html (465 words)

	Noruz - Persian New Year
		This is because the practice of intercalation in the Zoroastrian calendar was lost on their arrival in India.
		Although the Persian Calendar is very precise about the very moment of turn of the new year, Noruz itself is by definition the very first calendar day of the year, regardless of when the natural turn of the year happens.
		On this day, people throw their sabzeh away in the nature as a symbolic act of making the nature greener, and to dispose of the bad luck that the sprouts are said to have been collecting from the household.
	www.crystalinks.com /noruz.html (1880 words)

	6. The Persian Calendar
		Apart from that, the two calendars are not related.
		The origin of the Persian calendar can be traced back to the 11th century when a group of astronomers (including the well-known poet Omar Khayyam) created what is known as the Jalaali calendar.
		As in the Islamic calendar (section 5.3), years are counted since Mohammed's emigration to Medina in AD 622.
	www.tondering.dk /claus/cal/node7.html (568 words)

	Ajabanzaban.com - Iran Time and Date
		Iranians use the Jalali calendar, not the Gregorian calendar.
		The Persian New Year begins on the first day of Spring, at the actual moment of the vernal equinox.
		One day it will be nice to have a lovely wall calendar featuring the zodiac creatures and the corresponding Zoroastrian entities named in the Persian Calendar.
	www.ajabanzaban.com /learn/vocab/timedate.html (468 words)

	Calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The week cycle is an example of one that is not synchronized to any external phenomenon (although it may have been derived from lunar phases, beginning anew every month).
		The week cycle was not even interrupted when 10, 11, 12, or 13 dates were skipped when the Julian calendar was replaced by the Gregorian calendar by various countries.
		The sale of physical calendars has been restricted in some countries, and given as a monopoly to universities and national academies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calendar (2119 words)

	The Modern Magainze for Persian Weddings, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		The coming of autumn is celebrated usually on the 9th or 10th of October (the Mehr Month of the Persian calendar) and is dedicated to the Goddess of Light Mitra or Mehr.
		Traditional Persian Aash dishes are cooked along with lamb, rice dishes, dessets, and the like.
		This event is celebrated in July (the Tir Month of the Persian calendar) and refers to the archangel Tir (arrow) or Tishtar (lightning bolt) who appeared in the sky to generate thunder and lightning for much needed rain.
	www.persianmirror.com /celebrations/mehregan/mehregan.cfm (1201 words)

	The Persian calendar
		There is still days up to the turn of the year in the Persian calendar.
		It is the period, which needs the sun, in order to move from spring point to spring point.
		The information to the Persian calendar with care were investigated.
	www.kalendersysteme.de /english/calendar/calculations/calendar_14.html (370 words)

	Edward M. Reingold's Calendar Papers/Code
		We discuss the Indian day count, a generic solar calendar that generalizes various calendars including the mean Indian solar calendar, the true and astronomical Indian solar calendars, a generic lunisolar calendar that generalizes the Indian version, and the true and astronomical Indian lunisolar calendars.
		In this note we describe a unified implementation of calendars whose year is based on the astronomical solar cycle--that is, on the precise solar longitude at a specified time.
		For example, the astronomical Persian calendar begins its new year on the day when the vernal equinox (approximately March 21) occurs before apparent noon (the middle point of the day, not clock time) and is postponed to the next day if the equinox is after apparent noon.
	emr.cs.iit.edu /~reingold/calendars.shtml (527 words)

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