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Topic: Persian Columns

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	COLUMNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the game, columns of three or more symbols (such as jewels) fall towards the bottom of the screen; when the column reaches the bottom of the screen, it stays there and another column starts to fall, as in Tetris.
		Specialty definitions using "COLUMNS": Columns of Hercules ♦ equal columns ♦ labels in three columns, labels in two columns ♦ to freeze rows and columns, to hide columns.
		yhtäleveät palstat (column balance, equal columns), tarrat kolmessa sarakkeessa (labels in three columns), tarrat kahdessa sarakkeessa (labels in two columns), sanomalehtipalstat (column snaking, newspaper-style columns), rinnakkaiset palstat (columns in document mode, parallel columns, side-by-side columns), piilottaa sarakkeet (to hide columns), palstatasapaino (column balance, equal columns), jäädyttää rivit ja sarakkeet (to freeze rows and columns).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/columns (1713 words)

	Column - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.
		The straight column under load is in stable equilibrium if a lateral force, applied between the two ends of the column, produces a small lateral deflection which disappears and the column returns to its straight form when the lateral force is removed.
		A timber column is usually extended by the use of a steel tube or wrapped-around sheet-metal plate bolted onto the two connecting timber sections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Column (1496 words)

	Persian palace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Persian palace" is a derisive term used by Los Angeles residents for a large mansion that occupies a disproportionately large area of the parcel on which it is built.
		A Persian palace typically is a 2-story white or pink stucco-covered box incorporating architectural and decorative features from many traditions--most notably Spanish tile roofs, wrought-iron decoration, Romanesque columns and atria, bronze Middle Eastern statuary (typically of lions)--into a whole that is derided by many architects as less than the sum of its parts.
		(Many Persian palaces are designed by their occupants or by unlicensed architects.) As Persians have largely congregated in built-out areas such as Beverly Hills, construction of Persian palaces usually requires the demolition of the house that previously occupied the lot.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_palace (890 words)

	Definition of Persian from dictionary.net
		Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond.
		Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also Persians.
		Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder.
	www.dictionary.net /persian (94 words)

	Iran, Persia, Iran Culture
		Columns were capped with stone blocks carved to represent the forequarters of horses or lions with horns, placed back to back.
		Column shafts were fluted rather than plain, the bases and caps were ornamented with floral decorations, and the termination of the column, called the impost block, took the form of naturalistically rendered forequarters of bulls or bulls with wings.
		The Persians were dominated by the Medes until the accession to the Persian throne in 550 BC of Cyrus the Great.
	www.iranjasminco.com /Iran/persian.htm (4607 words)

	SalamIran- Culture &; Tourism, Art and Handicraft of Iran: Architecture
		In connection with the present review of Persian architecture, the reader is reminded of a varying range of other arts applied by the inhabitants of Iran to decorate their different constructions.
		The slender columns of the palace were ornamented and crowned by striking bull or lion capitals.
		However, as Professor A.U. Pope puts it, what the Persian architects brought in from the outside was merged with and balanced in the Iranian art, giving rise to ensemble quite new and different from the art of those nations from which they might have been derived.
	www.salamiran.org /CT/Culture/Arts/architecture/index.html (4023 words)

	Behistun Inscription - Cyrus Cylinder - Crystalinks
		The Persian king did not account for the creation of a pool of water at the bottom of the cliff, which brought increased human traffic to the area.
		After the fall of the Persian Empire and its successors, and the fall of cuneiform writing into disuse, the nature of the inscription was forgotten and fanciful origins became the norm.
		The Cyrus Cylinder is an artifact of the Persian Empire, consisting of a declaration inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform on a clay barrel.
	www.crystalinks.com /cyrustablets.html (1665 words)

	History of Iran: Persian influence on Greece
		The buildings we are about to discuss, were all built after the Persian general Mardonius had destroyed Athens in 479 BCE, and after the battles in the harbor of Athens, at Plataea and at Eurymedon, where the Greeks had defeated the Persians.
		They found also sacks laid upon wagons, in which there proved to be caldrons both of gold and of silver; and from the dead bodies which lay there they stripped bracelets and collars, and also their swords if they were of gold, for as to embroidered raiment, there was no account made of it.
		The Persian king and his satraps were often portrayed with a parasol.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/persian_influence_on_greece2.php (902 words)

	PERSIAN - Online Information article about PERSIAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		All the other palaces on the site, built or added to by various monarchs and at different periods, preserve very much the same plan, consisting always of a great square hall, the roof of which was carried by columns, with one or more porticoes round, and smaller rooms and courts in the rear.
		In one of the palaces (G) the roof was carried by too columns in ten rows of ten each.
		The only other monumental works of Persian architecture are the tombs; to those cut in the solid rock, of which there are some examples, we have already referred.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PERSIAN.html (1672 words)

	Iran Cultural Tour and Safari
		Just as the Achaemenids were tolerant in matters of local government and custom, as long as Persians controlled the general policy and administration of the empire, so also were they tolerant in art so long as the finished and total effect was Persian.
		It has been suggested that the Persians called on the subject peoples for artists because they were themselves crude barbarians with little taste and needed quickly to create an imperial art to match their sudden rise to political power.
		Cyrus may have been the leader of Persian tribes not yet so sophisticated nor so civilized as the Babylonians or Egyptians, but, when he chose to build Pasargadae, he had a long artistic tradition behind him that was probably already distinctly Iranian and that was in many ways the equal of any.
	www.iranjasminco.com /Iran/persian-art.htm (4016 words)

	Iransaga - Persepolis, ancient capital of the Achaemenian kings
		Known as Parsa by the ancient Persians, it is known today in Iran as Takht-e Jamshid ("Throne of Jamshid") after a legendary king.
		At its height the Persian Empire stretched from Greece and Libya in the west to the Indus River in present-day Pakistan in the east.
		Massive stone columns supported the Apadana's roof; 36 were interior columns and another 36 supported verandas on three sides of the building.
	www.art-arena.com /persepolis.htm (1182 words)

	PARSA (PERSEPOLIS) PALACE COMPLEX - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		Four trilingual cuneiform inscriptions (in Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian) on the gate of Persepolis combine with other textual evidence (Hallock, 1969) to affirm that Darius's extensive palace fortress was given the same name, Parsa, as the surrounding homeland of the Persians.
		In a process that was presumably intended to underscore the exalted rank of the Persian king, all visitors to Achaemenid Persepolis were obliged to ascend the 14-meter-high double-return stairway that led to the single formal entrance to the terrace: the freestanding Gate of All Lands.
		Six rows of six columns (each with a square base, a fluted shaft, and a composite capital that was crowned by addorsed bull protomes) supported the cedar beams of the main hall, a vast room that stood more than 19 m high and measured 60.50 m on each side.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Archaeology/Hakhamaneshian/persepolis.htm (1729 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		The opisthodome (opposite of the pronaos), found for the first time in the Temple of Athena in Priene and reproduced at the beginning of the 3C BC in the Temple of Artemis in Sardis, became thereafter a characteristic element of the Anatolian sanctuaries.
		The column is the most significant element because it defines the general proportions (module = ratio between the height and the width, defined by the semi-diameter of the shaft of the column in its lowest part).
		The flutings of the columns are separated by narrow ridges.
	www.guide-martine.com /history5.asp (2615 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Persepolis, City of the Persians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A century later the Persian Cyrus, who was half Median through his mother, overthrew his grandfather the Median king and founded the Achaemenian line, named for a Persian ancestor, which was to rule for two centuries the largest empire yet known to man.
		These Persian man-beasts, with their elaborate beards, draped headdresses, upturned wings and fringed shanks, have a jaunty air, but their aloof stare leaves no doubt of their regality.
		But the Persian columns are slimmer and more delicately fluted, thus accenting their height.
	saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197602/persepolis.city.of.the.persians.htm (2841 words)

	Behistun (Bisitun) - Monument of Darius, King of Persia
		The place was held sacred, said he; and to this day the Persian women come to hang their little votive scraps of rag on a bush beneath, as though it were some saint's tomb, in token of their dues to its mystery.
		For many years past he applied himself to Zend, the oldest Persian dialect known, and it was his application of this language to the Persian cuneiform inscriptions which brought about his extraordinary exploit of translating the whole of the Persian inscription of Behistun for the first time.
		Beneath the fifth Persian column was a ledge of some six feet which narrowed almost to nothing near the first column, beyond which, on a salient face, were the three columns of the Susian, of the same height as the Persian, but across a chasm, of which Rawlinson had spoken.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Persia/Behistun.html (8136 words)

	The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall - From Original Sources [Chapter 16]
		At length, during a vigorous sally, a storm darkened the air; and the Persian columns, losing their way, were pursued to the battlements by Al-Ka'ka', who seized one of the gates.
		Persians routed and Jalula taken, end of 16 A.H., Dec. 637 A.D. Beaten at every point, many Persians in the attempt to flee were caught by the iron spikes.
		The Persians rallied in force on the eastern bank of the river, and many encounters took place before the Arabs succeeded in securing their position.
	www.bible.ca /islam/library/Muir/Caliphate/chap16.htm (2755 words)

	99-2 Persian Columns Ketubah
		A delicate, floral pattern surrounds two exotic, Persian archways inlaid with an intricate Star of David design.
		Marble columns separate two panels of text beautifully calligraphed by the artist.
		No part of this website, any artwork (including ketubot and prints) represented herein, nor any text listed herein (excepting public domain traditional texts and quotes), may be reproduced in any manner without the prior and express written permission of Mickie Caspi and Caspi Cards and Art.
	www.caspicards.com /catalog/ketubot/99-2.htm (105 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		In accordance with popular usage, however, the term Persian will be used in this article to refer to the period before the advent of Islam in the 7th century ad—that is, the period of the ancient Persian empires—as well as to prehistoric times.
		The architecture and crafts of this Iron Age period, which immediately preceded the founding of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great, have been brought to light by excavations near Kangavar (Godin Tepe and Babajan Tepe), near Hamadan (Nush-i Jan Tepe), and at Zendan-i Suleiman and Tepe Hasanlu in northwestern Iran.
		The text was usually written in Persian rather than in Arabic as had previously been the custom.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=212862 (3506 words)

	ARCL2001: Lecture 23
		Subsequently, the Oath of Plataia (479 BC) determined that the destroyed temples should be left in their ruinous state as a monument to the Persian sacrilege: only the opisthodomos of the Old Temple of Athena Polias was repaired in order to house the ancient wooden cult statue of Athena.
		On the west side of the temple, a second chamber was accessed via a second porch (opisthodomos) of six Doric columns: originally only this second chamber was referred to as the 'Parthenon', though this term soon came to be applied to the whole building.
		A change in the natural ground level on which the building was erected necessitated the construction of the east porch (situated on the higher ground) on a simple stylobate while the west porch (situated on lower ground) was given a four-stepped base.
	teaching.arts.usyd.edu.au /archaeology/arcl2001/lecture_23.htm (980 words)

	Darius and the Bisutun Inscription
		The carving consists of an image in relief and three columns of text.
		It was this original translation of the Old Persian –– which subsequently helped to unlock the secrets of the Elamite and Babylonian versions of the text; the Elamite by Edward Hinks (1792-1866), Neils Ludvig Westergaard (1815-1878), Louis Frédérick Joseph Caignart de Saulcy (1807-1880) and Edwin Norris (1795–1872); the Babylonian by Rawlinson and Hinks.
		It is as a result of Darius, Rawlinson, and this inscription that we have come to understand cuneiform script and several of the historically significant languages that utilized it.
	visopsys.org /andy/essays/darius-bisitun.html (2212 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The King’s Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Arabic and Persian columns of the Hexaglot appear to be typical examples of the written Arabic and Persian of the late Middle Ages, but each of the other languages in the dictionary exhibits features which invite special comment.
		As yet, it has not been definitely established whether al-Afdal used written sources alone in compiling this column of his dictionary, or whether, 30 or 40 years after the Mongols had ceased to rule in the Near East, he was able to find someone in Yemen who still spoke Mongolian.
		In the Persian, Greek and Armenian columns, the king was forced to insert two-word expressions meaning "fold of the belly" (the Mongolian is absent).
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198202/the.king.s.dictionary.htm (2552 words)

	Home Decor Area Rugs — New Home Products LLC
		Inspired by the lyrical beauty of ancient Persian carpets, this rug features a field of flowers entwined in a curvilinear design with a warm palette of pumpkin, mauve and moss green against a soft beige ground.
		Inspired by the lyrical beauty of ancient Persian carpets, this round rug features a field of flowers entwined in a curvilinear design with a warm palette of pumpkin, mauve and moss green against a soft beige ground.
		Inspired by the lyrical beauty of ancient Persian carpets, this rug features a field of flowers entwined in a curvilinear design with a warm palette of pumpkin, mau.
	www.nehomeproducts.com /living.php?offset=1104 (1103 words)

	Columns, Architectural & Garden at Antiques On Sale
		A column in architecture and structural engineering is part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight of the structure.
		The Roman author Vitruvius, relying on the writings (now lost) of Greek authors, tells us that the ancient Greeks believed that their Doric order developed from techniques for building in wood in which the earlier smoothed tree trunk was replaced by a stone cylinder.
		The Ionic column is considerably more complex than the Doric.
	www.antiques-onsale.com /columns.htm (583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During his Khilaafat, vast areas of the Roman and Persian empires and the whole of Egypt were brought under Islamic rule.
		The Persian and Muslim army met at Qadisiyah.
		After a long battle on several fronts, the outnumbered Muslim army defeated the 120 000 Persian soldiers and recaptured Hirah and their areas in the year 14 A.H. Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu's) rule as Caliph.
	members.lycos.co.uk /sep2002/UMARFAROOQ.htm (894 words)

	Falamaki
		The builder says his clients pay $1,000 to $2,000 per column, depending on their size and the amount of detail involved.
		Most offered little in the way of landscaping, unless you counted the phalanx of towering columns out front or the coterie of luxury cars and SUVs parked on a pad of cement where the front lawn used to be.
		Several Persian developers and realtors in Beverly Hills suggest that the stereotypical Persian Palace may be going out of style among the city's younger, more assimilated generation of Iranians.
	www.siap.org /News/BeverlyHills/LATimes-20040613.htm (3220 words)

	FanFiction.Net : Dictionary & Thesaurus
		4 definitions found From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 : Persian \Per"sian\, a.
		[1913 Webster] Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond.
		[1913 Webster] From WordNet (r) 2.0 (August 2003) : Persian cat n : a long-haired breed of cat [syn: Persian cat] From English - German Dictionary 1.4 : Persian cat Perserkatze fi; Perser m [zool.] From fd-eng-hun : persian cat perzsamacska
	www.fanfiction.net /dictionary.php?word=Persian+cat (139 words)

	Achaemenian Engineers Knew PI Persian Journal Latest Iran News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"New research on Persepolis structures and especially its columns and conical shapes show that the Achaemenians 2500 years ago used the assistance of mathematicians who had solved the mystery of pi for building conical shapes", Abdol-azim Shah-karami, a geophysics expert responsible for studying the engineering of Persepolis structure, told CHN.
		The precision in building the Persepolis circular columns shows that these mathematicians had calculated pi to several decimal places.
		This helped them calculate the height of columns and the pressure on them, and distribute the tension on the conic section of each column", said Shah-karami.
	www.iranian.ws /cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/5180/printer (368 words)

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