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	Persian Culture of Iran, Republic of Iran, Iranians, Iranian Cultures, Ancient Cultures, Persian Culture
		Iranian Cuisine: In Persian mythology, Persian food is so delicious and tempting that Ahriman (the devil) uses it to corrupt the King of the land, causing two serpents to sprout from the King's shoulders, turning him into an evil tyrant; Zahhak The Dragon King.
		Women in Persian Culture: In the tales of the 1001 Nights, it is a woman, Sheherazade, who is the protagonist and heroine of the frame tale.
		Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia: Like the Persian Rug that exhibits numerous colors and forms in a dazzling display of warmth and creativity, Persian culture is the glue that bonds the peoples of western and central Asia.
	www.yolisdolls.com /iran/persian_culture.php (1326 words)

	Persian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyrus rallied the Persians together, and in 550 BC defeated the forces of Astyages, who was then captured by his own nobles and turned over to the triumphant Cyrus, now Shah of a unified Persian kingdom.
		The unrivaled dominance of the Persians on all affairs of the administration of the Caliphate led to the spread and blossoming of Persian culture, science, mathematics, and medicine, throughout the Arab world.
		In 913, West-Persia was conquered by the Buwayhid, a native Persian tribal confederation from the shores of the Caspian Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_Empire (4183 words)

	Iran culture online Iranian history Persian norooz iran culture persian web site persia art iranians books site culture
		Persian carpets are Iran's most famous cultural export, dating back to the 5th century BC, and are still an integral part of religious and cultural festivals (and the economy).
		Persian poetry first appeared in the 9th century AD and slowly developed into the enduring canon of epic poems and non-rhyming couplet poems which are part of its cultural treasury today.
		Persian painting dates back to the Seljuq period, which then faded until the 16th century when it flourished along with calligraphy, especially in Shiraz.
	www.iranian.ws /culture.htm (396 words)

	The Transmission of Cultural Values in Persian Baha’I Refugee Families (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The goal of this study was to ascertain the cultural identity of the Persian Bahá’í parents and their children and note areas of congruence and divergence.
		Although explaining Persian family values to their friends can sometimes be difficult, neither the Persian culture nor the Bahá’í belief system (with its emphasis on sexual abstinence before marriage) appear to be a social obstacle.
		There is no evidence of the extreme cultural reactions sometimes seen in refugee families: total abandonment of the home culture by children ashamed of their parents’ heritage (Cummins 1986) or the formation of xenophobic enclaves with a very limited circles of associates.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jrcole/bahai/bhaccult.htm (3060 words)

	Classical Persian Music
		It is perhaps during this period when the seeds of Persian music as we know it today were sown, with the confluence of Arabic & Persian culture, especially of their musics.
		It is more or less accepted that the urban Persian culture was more advanced than the desert - based Arab one, & it cannot be denied that Persian musicians over Arabic ones were favoured in the Arabic royal courts.
		In a typical Persian music ensemble, the leader of the group is the santur player, & tends to sit in the middle of the line up.
	www.star-one.org.uk /music/permus1.htm (2030 words)

	Persian Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Persian 103, Intermediate Persian I, students begin consolidating skills in conversational and social Farsi, master the last third of the required text of 101 and 102, acquire an active vocabulary of 2,200 words, begin to read shorter, annotated literary texts, and write simple expository prose of about a page in length.
		In addition, they are expected to advance significantly in their ability to deal competently with complex Persian cultural issues and to gain greater familiarity with the various sources where aid in dealing with these issues may be sought.
		By the end of the course, students ought to have sufficient familiarity with the requirements and parameters of literary analysis; the specific character of Persian literature and its audience; and the challenges to interpretation posed by the peculiarities of Persian culture and tradition.
	www.nelc.ohio-state.edu /courses/Persian.htm (1659 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tajikistan - Early History of Tajikistan - The Islamic Conquest - Persian Culture in Central Asia - The ...
		Beginning in the ninth century, Turkish penetration of the Persian cultural sphere increased in Central Asia.
		Cultural influences flowed in both directions as Turks and Persians intermarried.
		Among the dynasties that ruled all or part of the future Tajikistan between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries were the Seljuk Turks, the Mongols, and the Timurids (Timur, or Tamerlane, and his heirs and their subjects).
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/tajikistan/tajikistan8.html (1073 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Celebrations, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		Good Persian culture is peppered with politeness and a pretense at least of being humble.
		Persian Saffron is one of the best and highest quality products in the market because of the ideal conditions that it grows in.
		Persian Music is very distinct and Iranians pride themselves on the variety of instruments that are used and created in Iran such as the Tombak (Dombak), Santur, Kamancheh, and the Daf (bottom right).
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/distinct/distinct.cfm (3944 words)

	Antique Persian Rugs / Carpets from the Nazmiyal Collection.
		Hand-made rugs with intricate designs inspired by Persian culture were so well crafted that many have survived for hundreds of years.
		Persian rugs are an important part of the modern Iranian culture.
		Today the Persian rug industry is currently experiencing a rebirth, with production rivaling that of any time it its history.
	www.nazmiyal.com /antique_persian_rugs.htm (412 words)

	FToI: A Brief History of the Iranics - Part III
		Being dominated culturally by Persians for centuries and afterwards politically by the Arabs, Turks, and the Mongols, the Iranic Persian culture was still closer to the heart of these other Iranics and they would naturally use it to reach their compatriots and try to preserve what was left to preserve from the Iranic culture.
		The legacy of the Persians was to basically (though probably not intentionally) work towards the replacement of the Iranic culture in their country by a cosmopolitan culture which people still call the Persian.
		This Persian culture now is a mix of all possible cultures that got a chance to cross the borders of the Iranian Plateau but were inevitably shaped by the local Iranics selectivity.
	freethoughts.org /archives/000646.php (1159 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online
		On the last day of the workshop, dedicated to 'Painting, Architecture and Material Culture', three papers, illustrated by slides, were presented in the morning session chaired by Marc Gaborieau, and in the afternoon session, chaired by Sanjay Subrahmanyam (EHESS), three papers were presented.
		One observer and some participants noted the lack of papers on the patronage of scientific culture, which was not a deliberate omission.
		For a follow-up workshop, participants and observers suggested a consideration of Indo-Persian culture in a wider sense, including topics such as: the Indian influence on Persian culture; Indo-Persian patronage of regional cultures; the relationship between patronage and taste; and the development of taste in the discourse of patronage in interaction with existing aesthetic paradigms.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/25/regions/25SA8.html (872 words)

	Persian Music, Iranian Music at Best Iran Travel.com
		It is possible that there was not a lot of difference between Babylonian-Assyrian music and Iran at that time and the Persian names of tabire (drum) and karranay (trumpet) may be derived from names of the Akkadian tabbalu and qarnu.
		In the 10th century, Persian musicians became favorite at Arab court and the Persian lute was a favored instrument.
		Persian theorists were leaders in Arabian musical theory, for example, Al-Razi and Al-Sarakhsi.
	www.bestirantravel.com /culture/music.html (718 words)

	Culture Persian Journal Cultural Persian Journal Culture Archaeological History Latest Archaeology cutlural history ...
		In a talk with CHN, Marjan Ravayi, expert of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department of Hormozgan province, explained about the interruption in researching projects of this province due to lack of budget.
		Persian Journal is the news division of the more comprehensive Iranian.ws sites, a progressive Iranian online community and resource.
		Persian Journal is an online magazine of Iran's current events and Iranian culture featuring news, in-depth analysis and investigative reporting as well as opinions and commentary from a network of exclusive Iranian columnists and bloggers.
	www.iranian.ws /iran_news/publish/culture.shtml (1128 words)

	Persian Association at Tufts- Persian Culture
		It is the governmental, financial, and cultural hub of the country.
		In this long period of time, Persian culture has come to be one of the richest in the world.
		The Persian calendar is solar like the Christian calendar, but dates from the Arab/Muslim invasion of Iran and the introduction of Islam into the country.
	www.tufts.edu /as/stu-org/persian/irannew.html (1849 words)

	Iran Heritage Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Reference will also be made to those Persian manuscripts acquired by these men for their own private use or for the Bodleian Library, in order to give a more accurate sense of which Persian texts (literary, historical and/or scientific) were being studied or used as teaching aids during the seventeenth century.
		Most of the pieces (77 in all) are Persian, dating from the tenth to the nineteenth centuries; 16 pieces are from Dagestan, from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries; 14 are from Central Asia; and nine pieces from Mesopotamia, Syria or Egypt.
		The Persian metalwork is best represented by objects from twelfth- or early thirteenth-century Khorasan, most notably the famous Bobrinsky Bucket, a brass/bronze soap kettle signed by two craftsmen and made at Herat in 559/1163, with 24 pieces, and by 22 Safavid pieces, from the sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries.
	www.iranheritage.com /hermitageconference/abstracts.htm (10114 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Culture, Yalda festival,
		In most ancient cultures, including Persia, the start of the solar year has been marked to celebrate the victory of light over darkness and the renewal of the Sun.
		The last day of the Persian month of "Azar" is the longest night of the year, when the forces of Ahriman are assumed to be at their peak.
		With the conquest of Islam the religious significance of the ancient Persian festivals was lost.
	www.iranian.com /History/1999/December/Yalda (1075 words)

	Iran culture, Iranian culture, Persian, Iran culture book, Persian web site, persia,art, painting, iranians books site, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The national language of Iran is Persian, also known as Farsi, an Indo-European language.
		The Arabic script was adapted to Persian after the introduction of Islam, but there is no standard method of transliterating Persian into English.
		Persian painting dates back to the Seljuq period, which then faded until the 16th century when it flourished along with calligraphy, especially in Shiraz.
	www.interweber.com /culture (422 words)

	Persian Culture Night Takes To MCC Stage - Daily Nexus Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The theme is “Looking to Show Persian Culture,” and the show will include poetry, skits traditional Persian music and dance.
		Third-year global studies major and Persian club member Hiyadeh Boloorchi said the music and dance are a good way to show traditional Persian culture that most people at UCSB, even some second-generation Persian-Americans, would not have access to.
		However, Khachi said that Persian Club is a nonprofit, nonreligious, apolitical club, and that the discussion will center on how students are affected, not the political implications.
	www.ucsbdailynexus.com /news/2003/5267.html (580 words)

	Language and Culture in Persian
		Language and Culture in Persian lies at the intersection of what we ordinarily associate with language learning, standard vocabulary, idiom, grammar, etc. and a set of shared assumptions about the world that we call “culture.” The book is about what readers of Persian know but rarely express.
		Not a text of Farsi or Dari or Tojiki, Language and Culture in Persian avoids linguistic partisanship, drawing a picture of the language that retains its clarity and color wherever it is used.
		It begins sensibly with one of Persian’s most durable opening lines, the first in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh [be name-e khodavand-e jan-o kherad], and ends with Rushdie-species and other breeds of “blasphemy” that continue to absorb almost all users of the language.
	www.mazdapub.com /Language-Culture.htm (370 words)

	Persian Culture & Role Models for the Next Generation
		By reviewing the dictionary definition of culture, the question emerges on whether there is a phenomenon known as the ‘Persian Culture’.
		Culture is subject to evolution, as traditions, norms and values are modified in new patterns for survival in an ever changing world.
		The lesson learnt from past mistakes dictates a new approach, as nostalgic glory ought not to be an obstacle to cultural progress.
	www.payvand.com /news/04/sep/1074.html (737 words)

	Persian - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Persian Puzzle : The Conflict Between Iran and America
		These exquisite renderings of the 13th-century Persian mystic's words into American free verse capture all the "inner searching, the delicacy, and simple groundedness" that...
		A Comprehensive Persian - English Dictionary: Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met within Persian Literature
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /persian.htm (182 words)

	Center for Persian Culture
		It is felt that the entire Persian community, in addition to all other interested persons, needs access to a Center for Persian Culture, where it can feel welcome to make use of the services.
		The necessity for a Persian Culture Center has been voiced by the community and this thesis is in response to that need.
		The Center for Persian Culture will be a place of cohesion, bringing together interactions of an educational, social and spiritual nature.
	www.iranian.com /Sep95/Mani.html (1515 words)

	FToI: A Brief History of the Iranics
		The Persians could not possible have retained the "tribal consensual system" of their ancestors, precisely because they were no longer in a tribal setting.
		Persian empires (both of them) were to a large extent centralized and beuraucratic.
		This openness towards other cultures is what I celebrate about Parthians, but I do not think that it had a great impact on their Iranic traditions in general.
	freethoughts.org /bhi3.htm (11371 words)

	Heightened Interest in Persian Culture In Beverly Hills by Karmel Melamed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The desire for non-native speakers of Persian to learn the language is reflected in the growing number of students enrolled at the Beverly Hills Lingual Institute and other local language schools which are currently offering Persian language courses.
		Tabibi, a native of Iran, who has been teaching Persian for close to seven years in Iran and in the U.S., said several younger beginning students who cannot speak Persian primarily have difficulty with grammar and their pronunciations of words.
		Aside from the local intrigue in learning Persian language, many individuals have been drawn to explore other aspects of the Iranian culture that are being taught in some areas of Beverly Hills.
	www.circlemagazine.com /issuetwentynine/heightened.html (1471 words)

	Persian Classical Music
		There are three instrumental forms and one vocal form in Persian music.
		The following example, in which all of the instruments play the same melodic line is typical of Persian music.
		Their site is a good place to start looking if you want to start listening to Persian Music.
	www.duke.edu /~azomorod/persian2.html (695 words)

	LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST PERSIAN LINKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian, also known as Farsi, is the most widely spoken member of the Iranian..
		Persian is one of the world's oldest languages, a standard and well-recognized tongue as early as the 6th century B.C. It is one of the Iranian languages which form a branch of the Indo-European family.
		The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures is an area studies complex for the study of ancient, medieval, and modern societies and cultures of North Africa and the Near and Middle East.
	www.languages-on-the-web.com /links/link-persian.htm (942 words)

	Alborz makes appealing envoy of Persian culture
		But Persian cuisine is more than kebabs and Alborz's touch seems less sure with other elements of the menu.
		Far better is the complimentary starter, a basket of lavash flat bread, served with a platter of thick-sliced onions, a log of tangy feta cheese, butter and fresh sprigs of basil and coriander.
		Creamy, rich Persian ice cream ($3.95) is fragrant with the essence of rose, an aromatic flavoring that also distinguishes the faloodeh ($3.95), a sorbetlike dessert mixed with crunchy rice noodles.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/08/22/DD300411.DTL (579 words)

	Persian Culture - Pahlavi Era of Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		rom the earliest times, Iranians have shown a cultural awareness unmatched perhaps by any other single nation in the history of civilization.
		Throughout the millennia this culture has exhibited an immense variety of form, and many of its individual elements are of non-Iranian origin, but the end-product has always been distinctively Iranian, whether in the field of literature, science or the fine arts.
		Even fundamental political transformations have failed to break this essential continuity, indeed political change has tended to revitalize the artistic traditions apparent at almost every level of Iranian social life.
	www.sedona.net /pahlavi/culture.html (93 words)

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