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Topic: Persistent Organic Pollutants

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	Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School
		POPs tend to bioaccumulate in food chain to levels 10,000 to 100,000 times higher than the levels found at low trophic levels, and tend to persist in the environment without significantly degrading.
		PCBs persist in fat and in the environment, and were used from 1935-1976 in the U.S. as coolants, flame retardants, lubricants, sealants.
		POPs are a group of very heterogeneous chemicals that are related by their pharmacokinetics, and the way they behave in the body and environment.
	www.med.harvard.edu /chge/textbook/toxic/organic/transcript.htm (1680 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		Many measurements of organic contaminants have been made because of concern about high intake by people, and the human health aspects of these substances are discussed in the chapter Pollution and Human Health.
		Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment.
		PBT pollutants are chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains and, thus, pose risks to human health and ecosystems.
	www.headlice.org /lindane/_world/environment/pops.htm (1738 words)

	What are Pops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are carbon containing chemical compounds that, to a varying degree, resist photochemical, biological and chemical degradation.
		POPs are often halogenated and characterise by low water solubility and high lipid solubility, leading, together with their persistence, to bioacumulation in fatty tissues.
		POPs have been found, on a global scale, in soils, sediments, in the fat of fish and terrestrial animals, as well as in human breast milk.
	pops.gpa.unep.org (559 words)

	Persistent organic pollutant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of chemicals that persist in the environment, are capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, and have significant impacts on human health and the environment.
		POPs are sometimes also named PBTs (Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic).
		POPs released to the environment can travel through air and water to regions far distant from their original source.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persistent_Organic_Pollutant (146 words)

	Encyclopedia: Persistent Organic Pollutant
		Persistence is the term used in computer science to describe a capability used by a computer programmer to store data structures in non-volatile storage such as a file system or a relational database.
		Dioxins form a family of toxic chlorinated organic compounds that bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife due to their fat solubility.
		The International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN) is a global network of NGOs dedicated to the common aim of eliminating persistent organic pollutants.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Persistent-Organic-Pollutant (471 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are highly toxic organic pollutants.This group of chemicals includes DDT, PCBs and dioxins, which have been linked to cancer, birth defects, learning disabilities, weakened immune systems and reproductive problems in humans.
		POPs accumulate in the fat and organs of fish and other animals, their concentrations increasing as they move up the food chain.
		Already scientists have recorded early warning signs of contaminated seafood, and in the past decade, it has been proven that these toxic chemicals weaken the immune systems of marine mammals such as seals, dolphins and whales, and may be responsible for marine epidemics that killed thousands of animals in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
	www.eurocbc.org /page122.html (291 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
		Under the Convention, countries commit to reduce and/or eliminate the production, use, and/or release of the 12 POPs of greatest concern to the global community and to establish a mechanism by which additional chemicals may be added to the Treaty in the future.
		POPs are a set of chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment for long periods of time, and biomagnify as they move up through the food chain.
		POPs have been linked to adverse effects on human health and animals, such as cancer, damage to the nervous system, reproductive disorders, and disruption of the immune system.
	www.epa.gov /oppfead1/international/pops.htm (1300 words)

	PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are found in trace quantities in all areas of the environment.
		POPs do not readily break down in the environment with half-lives in soils in the order of years, although they may be transformed both physically and chemically over long periods.
		However, some chlorinated organic chemicals such as the wood preservative pentachlorophenol are still used in the UK and these have the potential to be sources of PCDD/Fs e.g.
	www.aeat.co.uk /netcen/airqual/naei/annreport/chap6_2.html (1501 words)

	POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants - Seventh Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Though the term Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a relatively new one, the chemicals that it encompasses are not.
		The POP category takes this approach one step further by using a new and different set of parameters to determine whether or not to assign this label to a particular chemical.
		Membership in the POP family of chemicals, on the other hand, is determined by how a specific chemical behaves in the environment and in the human body.
	www.seventhgeneration.com /page.asp?id=1286 (424 words)

	POPS in Alasaka Executive Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Persistent organic pollutants are a group of chemicals which are defined by certain shared key characteristics.
		Most POPs are industrial chemicals or pesticides which were invented for specific uses, but some, such as the dioxins and furans, are byproducts of industrial and incineration activities in which chlorinated chemicals are significant constituents.
		Twelve POPs have been identified as targets for early global action in the POPs Treaty negotiations currently underway under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, DDT, heptachlor, mirex, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (dioxin), and polychlorinated furans (furans).
	www.circumpolar.org /execsummary.htm (2044 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants
		Persistent Organic Pollutants are transported across international boundaries far from their sources, even to regions where they have never been used or produced.
		Consequently, persistent organic pollutants pose a threat to the environment and to human health all over the globe.
		The Commission, together with the Member States, is promoting and supporting action to identify further POP candidates and initiate international action on their control.
	europa.eu.int /comm/environment/pops/index_en.htm (679 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: - GOVERNMENT & POLICY - TOXICS PACT DOWN TO THE WIRE
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDT and dioxins have to go, governments around the world agree.
		But because dioxins are formed in the burning of biomass, such as wood used for cooking and heating fires, this is not realistic, according to the official, who spoke on the condition that his name not be used.
		The third kind of exemption would allow a POP to be intentionally manufactured as a site-limited, closed-system intermediate in a process that creates and transforms the chemical.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/7848/7848gov1.html (2416 words)

	EnviroHealthAction \| Toxics and Health - Persistent Organic Pollutants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Stockholm Convention is a new United Nations treaty negotiated to eliminate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) worldwide.
		Physicians for Social Responsibility strongly supports this treaty, which is the first global agreement ever to seek to ban an entire class of chemicals because of their direct effects on human health.
		POPs pose a particular hazard because of their toxicity to animals and people, their persistence in the environment and in the fatty tissues of living organisms, their ability to travel long distances on air and water currents, and their propensity to bioaccumulate in food chains.
	www.envirohealthaction.org /toxics/pollution (691 words)

	UNEP/GPA Clearing-House Mechanism - Persistent Organic Pollutants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a set of organic compounds that: (i) possess toxic characteristics; (ii) are persistent; (iii) are liable to bioaccumulate; (iv) are prone to long-range transport and deposition; and (v) can result in adverse environmental and human health effects at locations near and far from their source.
		POPs are typically characterized as having low water solubility and high fat solubility.
		Because many POPs are relatively volatile, their remobilization and long-distance redistribution through atmospheric pathways often complicates the identification of specific sources.
	www.gpa.unep.org /pollute/organic.htm (1116 words)

	Persistent organic pollutants
		Everyone has persistent organic pollutants in his or her body.
		The end result would be a POP protocol for the ECE region, but that is not really the "end" but only the beginning of what could become a much longer process.
		An agreement will reduce the future emission of such POPs, but it will not solve the problem of existing ones and those which are created daily in countries outside the region.
	www.unece.org /spot/s01.htm (904 words)

	SEI Project Pages - POPs (Persistant Organic Pollutants)
		The aims of this workshop were to review current scientific knowledge about POPs and, within the context of society’s perception of the risk and the value judgements involved, to identify the research priorities and appropriate management tools for guiding policy-makers.
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) form a class of persistent, bioaccumulative chemical substances which can result in adverse effects to human health and the environment at locations both near and far from their sources.
		Under this global process, the twelve POPs being considered initially are PCBs, dioxins, furans, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene and heptachlor.
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/sei/pops/pops.html (442 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		Some of these species are endangered and some are polluted with high levels of toxic pollutants in their bodies.
		At the moment the info on the new page is not much different from the UNEP Chemical POPs page, although there is now a map of all the signatories and parties (as pdf file), and the listing of signatories.
		This piece of legislation is intended to serve as the domestic implementing authority for the Stockholm Convention, and is superior to the legislation that the Bush Administration revealed...
	www.ienearth.org /pops_threat-p1.html (1448 words)

	Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)
		The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
		POPs are chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and are toxic to humans and wildlife.
		POPs circulate globally and can cause damage wherever they travel.
	www.pops.int (79 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		The Council adopted a Decision approving the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (12649/04).
		a proposition of regulation concerning persitent organic pollutants and modifying the directives 79 / 117 / EEC and 96 / 59 / CE a proposition of decision concerning the conclusion, in the name of the European Community, of the Stockholm agreement on persistent organic pollutants
		The 17 new Parties to the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are to celebrate its entry into force this Thursday, 23 October.
	www.audace-ass.com /News_database/POP/persistent_organic_pollutants.htm (854 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Persistent organic pollutants, or POPs, are a dangerous class of chemicals that includes highly toxic dioxins, pesticides such as chlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), all of which pose a global hazard.
		POPs are of concern for children because of their persistent nature and because exposure to some POPs can result in serious injuries to the developing nervous system.
		An international treaty, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs treaty), would mandate the phase out and ultimate elimination of an agreed-upon subgroup of POPs.
	www.cehn.org /cehn/reportpops.html (1339 words)

	Persistent organic pollutants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are carbon containing chemical compounds which, with varying degrees of success, resist degradation.
		Among the hazardous affects for humans, POPs cause allergies, cancers, damage to the nervous and reproductive systems as well impairment to the endocrine and immune systems.
		POPs Information website underscores seven vital issues it wanted the UNEP on POPs to keep in mind prior to May 2001.
	axe.acadiau.ca /~055115m (522 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic substances (PBTs) are of particular concern to Dow, our industry, and the public.
		Of the 12 PBTs listed under the Stockholm POPs Treaty, for which there is international agreement, the majority are pesticides which are neither created nor emitted by Dow.
		The emissions of the remaining two PBTs in the Stockholm POPs Treaty that are applicable to Dow, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls, while not reported on the web site, are reported publicly in both EPA's Annual Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI).
	www.dow.com /commitments/debates/dioxin/dioxintreaty.htm (353 words)

	Persistent Organic Pollutants
		"The POPs Convention aims to protect human health and the environment from 12 chemicals that are of particular concern in the environment because they have four intrinsic characteristics: they are toxic, they have the potential to bioaccumulate, they are stable and thus resistant to natural breakdown, and they can be transported over long distances."
		Message from the President Transmitting the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to the U.S. Senate
		--05/14/02 Hearing on Persistent Organic Pollutants; Jeffry M. Burnam, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment; Statement before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate; Washington, DC President Bush Sends the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to Senate for Ratification
	www.state.gov /g/oes/env/pops (237 words)

	Polar Science Station: Pop Goes Antarctica?
		Pollutants: potentially harmful chemicals that are produced or released by human
		This project is a good example of the ways in which scientists work together to answer questions.
		In this case, Rebecca Dickhut is an expert in Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the ways in which they move around the world.
	literacynet.org /polar/pop/html/project.html (161 words)

	PANNA: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (resources)
		Here are resources about pesticides that are persistent organic pollutants.
		This 2000 report by PANNA and Commonweal highlights widespread contamination of U.S. food with persistent organic pollutants (POPs), many of which have been banned in the U.S. for years.
		Covers current uses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); "pesticide treadmill"; integrated pest and vector management; and successful efforts to reduce reliance on POPs.
	www.panna.org /resources/pops.html (369 words)

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