Perso-Arabic script

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Topic: Perso-Arabic script

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In the News (Fri 24 May 13)

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ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Language in India
		Two scripts across nations are also uneconomical and inconvenient in the sense that a person interested in reading the literature written in his language from across the international border will not have an easy access to it, because the literature is written in a script that he cannot read or write.
		If script creates confusion and cannot represent the sounds distinct, and at the same time it takes more time for reading and writing, and is difficult to adopt for printing purposes, then the script should be modified to fulfill the needs of the community, or it should be replaced by another better script.
		When a script distinct from the script of the dominant regional language is to be adopted, one can think of the script of the next useful language, especially the language that the children from the people group will be required to learn in the school system.
	www.languageinindia.com /sep2001/jcscript.html

	Transliteration of Devangar
		and all the major scripts subsequently used in South Asia, with the exception of the Perso-Arabic script used for Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and of course the Roman script.
		Transliteration inherently presents multi-valent possibilities, and indeed Indic languages have historically been represented in numerous other scripts, especially Greek, Tibetan, Chinese, and Perso-Arabic.
		script is that of H. Lambert, Introduction to the Devanagari Script for students of Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati and Bengali (Oxford, 1953).
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucgadkw/members/transliteration/html/translit.html

	Pahlavi - One Language
		Typologically, Middle Persian is close to Modern Persian (just as Middle and Modern English are typologically close) but the latter distinguishes itself from the former by being written in a different script, the Perso-Arabic script, and by a large number of Arabic loan-words.
		Zoroastrian Middle Persian, by contrast, was transmitted by the Zoroastrians in Iran and, in particular, in India where the Parsee community, descendants of Zoroastrian exiles from Iran, retained a knowledge of Avestan and Middle Persian and by copying the manuscripts, preserved them.
		Pahlavi or Middle-Persian is a term used in two senses, to mean (1) the Zoroastrian or Sassanid Middle Persian language; and (2) the script used to write (religious and secular) Sassanid Middle Persian and closely similar material, also known as the Pahlavi alphabet.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Middle_Persian

	info: ARABIC ALPHABET
		Malay in the Arabic script known as Jawi is co-official in Brunei, and used for religious purposes in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore;
		The first known text in the Arabic alphabet is a late fourth-century inscription from Jabal Ram (50 km east of Aqaba), but the first dated one is a trilingual inscription at Zebed in Syria from 512.
		The Arabic alphabet can be traced back to the Nabatean alphabet used to write the Nabataean dialect of Aramaic, itself descended from Phoenician (which, among others, gave rise to the Greek alphabet and, thence, to Etruscan and Latin letters.).
	www.info-vatican-city.com /Arabic_alphabet

	arabic words in symbols
		Automatic recognition of words in Arabic manuscripts The need to transliterate large numbers of historic Arabic documents into machine-readable form has motivated new work on offline recognition...
		AMIN - Arabic Media Internet Network - A Project that aims at empowering Arabic speaking journalists and Media Personnel.
		Arabic words are Greek, and, had he continued his research, would have proved this for 100% of the language..
	www.translationinfo.net /db/arabic+words+in+symbols

	Sindhi alphabets
		The modern Sindhi abjad is based on the version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Urdu and was adopted, under British influence, in 1852.
		Arabic, Hausa, Kashmiri, Kazak, Kurdish, Kyrghyz, Malay, Morisco, Pashto, Persian/Farsi, Sindhi, Tatar, Turkish, Uyghur, Urdu
		During the 19th century, the Landa script was adapted to write Sindhi.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/sindhi.htm

	Extended Bengali script
		The use of Bengali characters to express the Perso-Arabic script, especially by lexicographers and grammarians, is very old.
		In cases of representing Perso-Arabic characters with the Bengali script, Jnanendramohan Das and Suniti Kumar Chatterji's schemes are popular; most scholars prefer either of them.
		Note 3: Persian-Urdu pronunciation differs from that of the Arabic letters and Jnanendramohan Das did not have a provision to show the different characters, sounding alike, in the original scripts.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /stone-catend/trben.htm

	Perso-Arabic/Indic interface
		Because of the underlying Perso-Arabic script, the favoured schemes and all the others may be dealt with in a simple, unified way, shown in the next section.
		At the end of this Grammar is a collection of anecdotes in both DEV and Perso-Arabic script, the first seven of which use the full system of modified DEV characters.
		The 100 stories, etc., of the Hindoostanee Story Teller which appear in this edition are given in Roman transliteration, DEV, and Perso-Arabic script.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /stone-catend/tr8.htm

	Locale requirement of Persian in Iran, first public draft
		> > At the level of the current conversation, however, modern standard Persian > is written in the *Perso-Arabic script.* Urdu is also written in the > Perso-Arabic > script.
		All it cares about is that the Arabic script uses Arabic shaping rules and the 06xx block of Unicode characters; period.
		But > at the level of Locale specs, you need to be more precise so as to reflect > the additions and modifications of the original Arabic script from which > it was derived.
	lists.sharif.edu /pipermail/persiancomputing/2004-June/001537.html

	Urdu Language, Ordu, Muslim Language, Urdu Literature, Urdu Poetry, Urdu Poets.
		This language would be based on the literary traditions of Dakhni and have the Persian script alongwith generous usage of Perso-Arabic words, idioms and theme ideas.
		Court circles, Persian and Arabic scholars and especially the Muslims of Delhi adapted this language with much eagerness, and from the end of the 18th century the Mughal house turned only to Urdu.
		Later, north Indian Muslims, who came with Aurangzeb for his conquests down south and some Dakhni writers, saw the possibility of evolving a new language.
	languages.iloveindia.com /urdu.html

	04.html
		Perso- Arabic Script was developed by Britishers for Sindhis and imposed as official script in 1853.
		Sindhis have since scattered all over India and other continents of the world where Sindhi is not taught in either Perso-Arabic or Devnagri script.
		The question therefore arises, will Sindhi language survive as a viable language in Arabic or Devnagri script excepting Sindh and some parts of India?
	yangtze.cs.uiuc.edu /~jamali/sindh/sammelan/04.html

	UniPers v Perso-Arabic script
		The fact of the matter is that the difficulties of the current script prevent the majority of Persian speaking people from studying the treasures of their own Persian literature.
		We have to keep reminding ourselves that the highest priority for a script is to facilitate communication among people, and to make written material readily available to all with as little effort as possible expended in learning how to read.
		The Arabic language will continue to be written in the Arabic alphabet which was designed for it.
	www.unipers.com /upvpa.htm

	Urdu page
		ArabTeX is a system developped by Klaus Lagally to produce texts with Arabic based scripts.
		The name mentioned under "Roman transliteration" is the name in Roman script with diacritic dots as used e.g.
		In Urdu there are remarkably few words with this s, all of which are of Arabic origin.
	users.skynet.be /hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html

	Lipikar
		Most of the South Asian scripts are multi-tier, in the sense that symbols may appear on top of one another, unlike in the Roman script, where each letter follows the previous one neatly in a line.
		Also, all South Asian scripts are not 'inter-transliteratable', i.e., every letter in a particular script, may not have an equivalent in another script.
		This is very convenient in the electronic world, because a linear script is much easier to process.
	lipikar.blogspot.com

	Eighteenth International Unicode Conference - Abstract
		Perso-Arabic script developed in two directions, one based directly on Arabic and one on the Persian Arabic script.
		However, for Perso-Arabic, which has a more complex script history and is used to write over 100 languages, a collation table is needed for the end of the alphabet.
		Languages using Perso-Arabic script are spoken by 400 million people in countries that are more computerized every month.
	www.unicode.org /iuc/iuc18/a356.html

	Urdu hai jis kaa naam . . . part III
		If Urdu was mainly a language full of Perso-Arabic words, it definitely TOOK the grammar from something that existed here before, because the grammar is certainly NOT Perso-Arabic from what we see.
		That script could well be in use before that but the British officially put a stamp on the script as the script to be used for a language Hindi that was devoid of the Persian influence and more close to the language of the masses.
		IMO that's where the Devanagri script lost its sheen to be revived later under British authority as claimed in the OP.
	www.urban-living.org /new-3519688-680.html

	farsi language resource
		It is written in the Perso-Arabic script shown below and serves as the literary language for many minority languages in the region.
	www.language-keyboard.com /resource/indo-euro/farsi.htm

	Varieties of the Arabic Script
		Therefore, it is technically more correct to say that Pashto, Urdu and others use not the Arabic script but the Perso-Arabic script.
		The Persian variant of the Arabic alphabet is the foundation on which all other variants of the Arabic scripts were built.
		This page is intended to outline the varieties of the Arabic alphabet used in different languages, and to explain how these differ in usage and pronunciation from those found in Arabic.
	www.geocities.com /sikmirza/arabic/arabic.html

	DRAFT ArabT E X Typesetting Arabic and Hebrew (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: ArabT E X is a package extending the capabilities of T E X/L A T E X to generate the Perso-Arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for texts in several languages using the Arabic script.
		0.7: ArabTEX - Typesetting Arabic with Vowels and Ligatures - Lagally (1992)
		It consists of a T E X macro package and an Arabic font in several sizes, presently only available in the Naskhi style.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /603637.html

	IL&S: Modern Persian Language & Script
		Below is a sample of Persian text in Perso-Arabic script and UniPers transcription:
		Persian is written in the Arabic script with 4 additional letters (p, c, g, ž).
		These foreign languages include Arabic, Turkish, Mongolian, and more recently French and English.
	www.iranianlanguages.com /newiranian/modpersian.htm

	[oman-l] Oman Conference, Bonn, 20 June 1998
		Previous message: [oman-l] Transliteration standards for Arabic and Perso-Arabic script
	www.oman.org /pipermail/oman-l/1997-November/000303.html

	IL&S: UniPers - The Converter
		A software application that would convert Persian text typed in Perso-Arabic script into its equivalent in
		Therefore, the reader of Persian in UniPers can learn the exact pronunciation of the words rather than having to resort to guessing.
	www.iranianlanguages.com /UniPers/converter.htm

	[oman-l] Need help!
		Next message: [oman-l] Transliteration standards for Arabic and Perso-Arabic script
	www.oman.org /pipermail/oman-l/1997-November/000301.html

	PARC : C-DAC Perso Arabic Resource Center for Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri and Arabic
		PARC : C-DAC Perso Arabic Resource Center for Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri and Arabic
		C-DAC GIST Welcomes You To PARC (Perso Arabic Resource Centre) Website :
		In case of any problems or for any queries, please contact us at
	parc.cdacindia.com

	Varieties of the Arabic Script
		Therefore, it is technically more correct to say that Pashto, Urdu and others use not the Arabic script but the Perso-Arabic script.
		The Persian variant of the Arabic alphabet is the foundation on which all other variants of the Arabic scripts were built.
		This page is intended to outline the varieties of the Arabic alphabet used in different languages, and to explain how these differ in usage and pronunciation from those found in Arabic.
	www.geocities.com /sikmirza/arabic/arabic.html (167 words)

	Turkish alphabets and pronunciation
		Until 1928, Turkish was written with a version of the Perso-Arabic script known as the Ottoman Turkish script.
		In 1928, as part of his efforts to modernise Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk issued a decree replacing the Arabic script with a version of the Latin alphabet, which has been used ever since.
		Nowadays, only scholars and those who learnt to read before 1928 can read Turkish written in the Arabic script.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/turkish.htm (252 words)

	Indian Languages
		In Pakistan, the language is written in the Perso-Arabic script, while in India it uses the Devnagri script.
		Kashmiri: It is a language written in both Persio-Arabic and Devnagri script and is spoken by 55 percent of the population of Jammu and Kashmir.
		Urdu is written in the Persio-Arabic script and contains many words from the Persian language.
	www.indiainvitation.com /heritages/languages.html (888 words)

	Transliteration of Devangar
		and all the major scripts subsequently used in South Asia, with the exception of the Perso-Arabic script used for Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and of course the Roman script.
		script is that of H. Lambert, Introduction to the Devanagari Script for students of Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati and Bengali (Oxford, 1953).
		The Tamil script, for example, does not contain characters to represent all the phonemes of Sanskrit; Sanskrit manuscripts written in South India historically used an enriched version of the Tamil script, called Grantha.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucgadkw/members/transliteration/html/translit.html (1950 words)

	[oman-l] Transliteration standards for Arabic and Perso-Arabic script
		One of the points that was brought to my attention several times, particularly in Working Group 11: Transliteration of Perso-Arabic script, was the lack of participation from organisations in Arabic countries (Iran is the only country currently involved outside of Europe), and also from universities with strong Arabic departments and library collections.
		These scripts are used in over 99% of the worlds official languages shown in the rest of the diagram.
		Scripts used in non-official languages, and historical scripts, are not shown above.
	www.counterpunch.org /pipermail/oman-l/1997-November/000302.html (833 words)

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Topic: Perso-Arabic script

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In the News (Fri 24 May 13)