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Topic: Personal area network

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Wide area network

Computer network

Local area network

Wireless community network

Metropolitan area network

ZigBee

Wireless LAN

Computer

Distributed systems

CPU architecture

Mojibake

Personal digital assistant

Network Mapping

Internet protocol suite

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	Personal area network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person.
		PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink).
		Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and Firewire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Personal_area_network (372 words)

	Local area network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area, like a home, office or small group of buildings such as a college.
		A layout known as a spanning tree protocol is often used to maintain a loop free network topology within a LAN, particularly with ethernet.
		LANs are distinguished from other kinds of networks by three characteristics: (1) their size, (2) their transmission technology, and (3) their topology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Local_area_network (261 words)

	Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication
		In Figure 2 the PAN transmitter is modeled as an oscillator, and the receiver is modeled as a differential amplifier.
		A communication network is judged primarily by channel capacity, with a theoretical limit defined by the Hartley-Shannon law [5] C = Blog(1 + S/N), where C is channel capacity in bits/second, B is bandwidth, S is signal, and N is noise.
		When the woman and man depicted in the figure are in close proximity, particularly when they shake hands, an electric circuit is completed, allowing picoamp signals to pass from the transmitter through her body, to his body, to the receiver by his foot, and back through the earth ground.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/353/sectione/zimmerman.html (3131 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To develop such personal area networks, or PANs, Almaden scientist Thomas G. Zimmerman developed technology that, in effect, transforms the human body into a copper cable.
		As part of a PAN, a person would be instantly known to properly equipped cars or telephones, eliminating the need for keys or coins.
		On the back of the PAN devices are metal plates, one of which must face the body while the other faces outward to establish a ground connection with the earth.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/wwwr_thinkresearch.nsf/pages/pan197.html (1379 words)

	personal area network - a Whatis.com definition - see also: PAN, intrabody signaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable printer could interconnect them without having to plug anything in, using some form of wireless technology.
		Also see wireless personal area network (WPAN) which is virtually a synonym since almost any personal area network would need to function wirelessly.
		Conceptually, the difference between a PAN and a wireless LAN is that the former tends to be centered around one person while the latter is a local area network (LAN) that is connected without wires and serving multiple users.
	searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci546288,00.html (480 words)

	PAN
		Scientists at IBM are perfecting a new Personal Area Network technology that uses the natural electrical conductivity of the human body to transmit electronic data.
		PAN developed because of the shortcomings of various conventional methods to facilitate intercommunication between personal communication devices.
		The PAN system consists of battery operated transmitters and receivers that are electrically isolated and have a pair of electrodes.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /r10/bombay/news3/page3.html (696 words)

	Computer network article - Computer network computer network communication computers personal area network - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A computer network is a system for communication among two or more computers.
		Computer networks may be categorized with respect to network topologies:
		Computer networks may be implemented using a variety of protocol stack architectures, computer buses or combinations of media and protocol layers, incorporating one or more of:
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Computer_network (157 words)

	IBM-ARC: USER - Personal Area Networks (PAN)
		PAN technology is being demonstrated publicly for the first time at the Comdex computer industry trade show in Las Vegas.
		PAN technology takes advantage of this conductivity by creating an external electric field that passes an incredibly tiny current through the body, over which data is carried.
		An IBM Systems Journal article on Personal Area Network technology is available, the article is titled: "Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication" by Thomas Zimmerman.
	www.almaden.ibm.com /cs/user/pan/pan.html (745 words)

	Personal area network - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wireless PANs can also be made possible with network technologies such as IrDA and Bluetooth.
		A piconet typically has a range of 10 meters, although ranges of up to 100 meters can be reached under ideal circumstances.
		It is not for nothing that the Dummies series is so successful: More often than not (this book is a case in point), Dummies books deliver clear, concise introductions to complex software.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /personal_area_network.htm (301 words)

	Paving the Way for Personal Area Network Standards: An Overview of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal ...
		The cellular network was a natural extension of the wired telephony network that became pervasive during the mid-20th century.
		Coverage of a large area was allowed through the definition of relatively small (1 to 2 km diameter) "cells" that cooperate with their like neighbors to create a seemingly seamless network.
		These "local area" networks were needed to maintain connectivity with the wired data network of the enterprise in a way that was analogous to the need for extending the voice network for the mobile user.
	www.comsoc.org /pci/private/2000/feb/Gifford.html (5916 words)

	The Personal Area Network (PAN)
		Scientists at IBM's Almaden Research Center (San Jose, CA) are perfecting a new Personal Area Network technology (PAN) that uses the natural electrical conductivity of the human body to transmit electronic data.
		PAN technology takes advantage of this conductivity by creating an external electric field that passes an incredibly tiny current through the body, over which is carried.
		The current used is one billionth of an amp (one nanoamp), which is lower than the natural currents already in the body.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /p.boughton/pan.htm (556 words)

	Extension of Bluetooth Personal Area Network across an Internet Communications Session
		A wireless personal area network is one kind of local area network that can interconnect all devices supporting wireless capabilities in a short-range area by using wireless technology such as Bluetooth.
		Potential needs exist for communication between one device in one wireless personal area network and another device in another wireless personal area network across an existing network, and this communication can be conducted along with a voice, video, or Instant Messaging session.
		The end points may support a wireless personal area network like Bluetooth, so that the end effect is the extension of the wireless personal area network across the Internet in a controlled and managed manner.
	www.cs.dal.ca /news/def-1094.shtml (297 words)

	Untitled Document
		If a coordinator is the principal controller of a personal area network
		personal operating space (POS): The space around a person or object that is typically about 10 m in diameter.
		The person can be in motion or stationary.
	www2.rad.com /networks/2004/802/glossary.htm (218 words)

	Wired News: A Truly Organic Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Personal Area Networks, which use the natural electrical conductivity of the human body to transmit electronic data from one device to another.
		The natural salinity of the human body makes it an excellent conductor of electrical current, and PAN technology takes advantage of this by creating an external electric field that passes a tiny current, over which data is carried.
		One early application for PANs might be in using a phone credit card, which is currently a risky, cumbersome operation - it takes forever to type in the number and it's not all that difficult to pick up someone's number as they touch-tone dial.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,9154,00.html (806 words)

	Personal Area Network
		Personal area network (PAN) is a piconet (see chapter 1) where two or more Bluetooth capable computers participate.
		If you have a network connection in your computer you probably want to share it with others and configure your computer as a NAP.
		To use your host as a router to the network your computer is connected you should allow masquerading.
	affix.sourceforge.net /affix-end-user/1.0/c176.html (478 words)

	PAN - Personal Area network
		In another usage, a personal area network (PAN) is a technology that could enable wearable computer devices to communicate with other nearby computers and exchange digital information using the electrical conductivity of the human body as a data network.
		A Personal Area Network, will allow all distributed components of a wearable computer to communicate with each other as well as with other computers nearby using either the body, or clothing as the data transfer medium.
		PAN developed because of the shortcomings of various conventional methods to facilitate intercommuni- cation between personal communication devices.
	www.lv2.ifkomhessen.de /pan.htm (5454 words)

	PAn :: Personal Area Network
		PAN / Personal Area Network is a new concept developed by Thomas Zimmerman and other researchers at MIT's Media Lab.
		A PAN / Personal Area Network would enable them all to share data, functioning as a small network.
		Since our PAN / Personal Area Network would also of course include Internet access, it could mean we would always be on line.
	www.inforingpress.com /computer-careers/pan.htm (553 words)

	RMBS2001 Patient Monitoring Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We propose a wireless PAN of intelligent sensors as a system architecture of choice, and present a new design of wireless personal area network with physiological sensors for medical applications.
		Personal server integrates information from different sensors and communicates with the rest of telemedical system as a standard mobile unit.
		personal area network, wireless, intelligent sensors, patient monitoring, telemedicine.
	www.ece.uah.edu /~raskovd/rmbs2001_p.html (260 words)

	PAN (personal area network)
		A wireless PAN consists of a dynamic group of less than 255 devices that communicate within about a 33-foot range.
		One device is selected to assume the role of the controller during wireless PAN initialization, and this controller device mediates communication within the WPAN.
		The data may be sent to the entire wireless PAN using the wireless PAN destination address, or it may be directed to a particular device.
	www.networkworld.com /details/468.html (1021 words)

	O'Reilly Network: Personal Area Network: A Bluetooth Primer
		One concept that's been put forward is the mobile PAN: a communication device clipped to your belt could contain a GSM transceiver that communicates with the wider world.
		Of course, since the power of the technology is in the network, a single Bluetooth device without others to communicate with is...
		All trademarks and registered trademarks appearing on the O'Reilly Network are the property of their respective owners.
	www.oreillynet.com /pub/a/wireless/2000/11/03/bluetooth.html (969 words)

	IEEE OFFERS BROCHURE ON ITS WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORK HANDBOOKS
		The other handbook, "Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks: Enabling Wireless Sensors with IEEE 802.15.4?," provides an in-depth understanding of this standard for low-cost, low-power wireless connectivity and it possibilities.
		It includes network layer functionality not included in the standard, as well as implementation and system design.
		Through its members, the organization is a leading authority on areas ranging from aerospace, computers and telecommunications to biomedicine, electric power and consumer electronics.
	standards.ieee.org /announcements/pr_wpanbro.html (423 words)

	[No title]
		Indeed, you won't, unless you're the person who's in charge of both manually initiating the connection on the PANU and subsequently configuring the bridge on the GN appropriately.
		So what happens is that the PAN daemon 'pand' calls a script named 'dev-up' in /etc/bluetooth/pan/ whenever a 'bnepx' interface has been created.
		At the same time, the NAP acts as a router to a corporate 10.x.x.x network, using 'eth0' as adapter on the 10.x.x.x side, and 'pan0' as adapter for the 192.168.0.x side.
	bluez.sourceforge.net /contrib/HOWTO-PAN (2081 words)

	Wireless Developer Network - Personal Area Networks
		Personal area networks (PAN) actually refer to using a near field electric field to send data across various devices using the body as a medium.
		Personal area networks should not be confused with networks formed using Bluetooth technology.
		Bluetooth can in fact be used as an enabler to extend the reach of body networks to other devices and networks.
	www.wirelessdevnet.com /channels/bluetooth/features/pans2.html (263 words)

	Wireless Personal Area Network Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To evaluate the use of consumer level Personal Area Network technology to provide wireless access to broadband Internet services.
		Personal Area Network devices allow users to establish low cost limited range networks to access broadband Internet services.
		These devices allow a wireless laptop configured to work in a wireless LAN environment to be used in a smaller wireless network environment such as an off-campus or second office.
	www.eits.uga.edu /wireless/plan-pa-ntwk.html (199 words)

	Parks Associates Industry Report- Personal Area Network, Ultra-Wideband Technology, UWB
		Wireless personal area network (WPAN) technologies offer the lure and promise of high-speed and low-power connectivity that has attracted the attention of the consumer electronics, computer, and mobile communications markets.
		The early predictions would indicate that ultra-wideband (UWB) technology could be a unifying force to bring affordable and reliable multimedia networks to a new class of devices and solutions.
		Parks Associates’ study of the next-generation WPAN market classifies and forecasts growth for UWB solutions as they apply to short-range connectivity for multimedia and data transfer applications.
	www.parksassociates.com /research/reports/tocs/pan_solutions.htm (297 words)

	Microsoft patents body power \| CNET News.com
		In its filing, Microsoft cites the proliferation of wearable electronic devices, such as wristwatches, pagers, PDAs (worn on people's belts) and small displays that can now be mounted on headgear.
		To reduce the redundancy of input/output devices, Microsoft's patent proposes a personal area network that allows a single data input or output device to be used by multiple portable devices.
		Personal area networks, or PANs, are nothing new.
	news.com.com /Microsoftpatentsbodypower/2100-1014_3-5244766.html (855 words)

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