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	Pesher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pesher is a Hebrew word meaning "interpretation" in the sense of "solution".
		The pesharim (plural of pesher) take a book of the Old Testament, such as Habakkuk, Nahum, Psalms, quote it phrase by phrase, and after each quotation insert an interpretation, preceded by "its pesher is".
		She identifies the four Canonical Gospels, Acts and Revelation as being written using the pesher technique, wherein historical facts are embedded into the text which give crucial details of the early history of Christianity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pesher (350 words)

	Read about Pesher at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pesher and learn about Pesher here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interestingly, the pesher scribe or scribes gave the reader nothing to signal of the end of the commentary.
		The pesher interpretation applies prophecy transcribed in the Dead Sea Scrolls to the current events of the time in which the scrolls were written (arguably in much the same way that the prophecies of Nostradamus and the
		The comments of the Pesher to Habbakuk (http://www.ao.net/~fmoeller/habcomnt.htm#asher-omer) – A discussion of pesher commentary in the Dead Sea Scrolls—particularly to the transcription of Habakkuk.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pesher (306 words)

	Pesher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The word pesher or sometimes peshrua was inserted directly into the text to signal the reader that what followed was commentary.
		The pesher interpretation applies prophecy transcribed in the Dead Sea Scrolls to the current events of the time in which the scrolls were written (arguably in much the same way that the prophecies of Nostradamus and the Book of Revelations are sometimes applied to the current events of our times).
		The comments of the Pesher to Habbakuk (http://www.ao.net/~fmoeller/habcomnt.htm#asher-omer) – A discussion of pesher commentary in the Dead Sea Scrolls—particularly to the transcription of Habakkuk.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Pesher (299 words)

	Froehlich: History as Seen from Qumran
		Peshers from Qumran - isolated peshers, thematic peshers, and the pesharim - are expressions of Qumran historicism, the Community's attitude to history.
		Thus, pesher Habakkuk is the interpretation of a __ of Israel's history, from Habakkuk to the age of the pesher's author.
		Pesher Habakkuq IX.4-10 interprets the conquest of the kittim as divine punishment, in the course of which "the riches and booty of the last priests (_____ _¿______) of Jerusalem shall l be delivered into the hands of the army of the Kittim", "at the end of the days (_¿____ _____)".
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/4th/papers/Froehlich99.html (2709 words)

	Untitled
		Both the lemma and pesher describe the retribution of the transgressors by means of humiliation, offering graphic images including the "exposure of their nakedness", and their being heaped with "disgusting abominations" before other nations.
		The words appearing with a single underline in verse 2 of Psalm 2 are reminiscent of the opening of col. i, in which the invasions of the Seleucid kings Demetrius and Antiochus are compared to a later event, the "rising of the rulers of the Kittim" and "the trampling" of Jerusalem.
		Whereas the pesher views Pompey's conquest as a vehicle for maligning the Pharisees, Psalms of Solomon uses the fall of Jerusalem as a basis for condemning the "sons of Jerusalem", probably the sons of Salome (perhaps a play on ????????), that is, the Hasmonean contenders for the throne.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/7th/BerriFullPaper.htm (4760 words)

	Novus Ordo Discordia
		Pesher was a gardener for the City's King, a bitter and pained champion of all that is old and tried and in accordance with things that are also old and tried.
		But Eris forgave Pesher for not seeing the truth of this, because she was always invited to Pesher's garden, and to his room, and to his parties with his friends, and to the movies, if she was ever up for it.
		Pesher the gardener was dipping his toes in the water of the pool, and the flowers of the flower-clock were opening and closing all around him, each one the Sacred Chao.
	www.io.com /~sjohn/ordo.htm (3530 words)

	Habbakuk Pesher Part 2
		Like Eisenman, I propose he was the High Priest Ananus ben Ananus, who put Ya'akov to death in 62 CE and met his own later at the hands of his enemies in the Uprising in 68, his dead body tossed out of Jerusalem without burial.
		That this crime was a trial is also reinforced by the phrase "abeit galuto" used in the Habakkuk Pesher, meaning "his house of exile" or "house of his exile" -for not only do we know from the nt that the Sanhedrin convened for the trial of Yeshua in "the high priest's house" (Lk 22:54; c.f.
		This is what Josephus is telling us, and this is what the Habakkuk Pesher says; the only difference is no one's naming names in the Dead Sea Scrolls, probably because their authors, being revolutionaries, were in no position to give them.
	qumran.com /ShiningaLightintheDarkness/pesher2.htm (1971 words)

	Chapter 4: The Pesher Technique
		Therefore, the pesher method results to be poor in two respects: (1) It is not a solid hermeneutical method for the New Testament in its essence and (2) fails in the way it is applied to.
		The results of the application of the pesher technique to the gospels and Acts, drawing upon a number of contemporary sources for the information needed, give a whole history of Jesus, and also of the community that preceded him and from which he and his followers broke away.
		Besides, she does not put this into practice in her Pesher methodology: as we have seen she is quite selective about the wedding at Cana where she avoids certain passages that may clarify the steward's attitude, she avoids cases of chronological order in Synoptics and the Gospel of John (e.g.
	prosario-2000.0catch.com /Theology/Barbara_Thiering/BarbaraThiering5.htm (6710 words)

	Electronic Resources
		Pesher Nahum is preserved in a single copy, 4Q169 (4QpNah), dated to the 1 st century BCE.
		The chief focus of this dissertation is the relationship between the citations and the interpretations, i.e., lemma/pesher correspondence in Pesher Nahum.
		We discuss form and content as determinative characteristics of the pesher genre, and address the relative significance of revelation and exegesis as the author's means of arriving at pesher.
	sunzi1.lib.hku.hk /ER/detail/2686109 (224 words)

	The Pesher of Christ: pesher on Psalms
		The major Qumran pesharim, on Psalms, Nahum and Habakkuk, together with the fragmentary pesher of Micah and that on Hosea, may be shown to fit neatly into the events that the gospels and Acts record.
		In the fragment containing part of a pesher on Micah, 1Q14, a clear distinction is drawn between Jerusalem-Judah, which is associated with the Teacher of Righteousness and his followers, and Samaria, which is associated with "the one who drips lies" who has led astray the Simple (frags.8-10, lines 3-10).
		If all of the indications are sound that the Teacher was the Baptist, then it may be known with confidence that the pesher on Psalms was written in the year AD 30 or 31, during the period when John the Baptist had been arrested and had not yet been put to death.
	www.pesherofchrist.infinitesoulutions.com /Dss/pesher_on_Psalms.html (1596 words)

	Pesher Habakkuk
		The word Pesher has the meaning of "explanation" and the word Peshru means "they explain." The words invariably introduce a comment on the text of Habakkuk.
		Reconstruction of the historical background of the very narrow view of the Pesher commentator would find parallels in any year in the Herodian period which is totally prechristian.
		The Pesher has been scientifically dated in that period (carbon 14) and the commentary fits the period.
	www.ao.net /~fmoeller/peshtran.htm (2350 words)

	Habbakuk Pesher part 1
		The pesher tells us concerning the Kittim (the first few parts of which I leave without comment, in order to establish a feel for the pesher's method, and because they are also a little fragmentary):
		Pesher} This refers to the Kittim, w[ho are] swift and mighty in war, annihilating [many people, and...] in the authority of the Kittim and [the wicked...] and have no faith in the laws of [God].
		As we can see from the pesher's descriptions (all of them are cited here), the Kittim had anything but regard for the Jews and Judaism.
	qumran.com /ShiningaLightintheDarkness/pesher1.htm (1975 words)

	Matthew's Use of the Old Testament: A Preliminary Analysis by Lee Campbell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Of these methods, pesher is of the greatest interest to this study, principally because Matthew does not lie under the accusation that he interprets the OT literalistically or allegorically but rather through pesher.
		The term pesher means, "to explain." In fact, however, pesher is an application of OT scripture with little to no concern for the context of the passage applied.
		Pesher interpreters assume that OT authors were speaking to the contemporary audience.
	www.xenos.org /ministries/crossroads/OnlineJournal/issue3/mtmain.htm (4161 words)

	The Pesher of Christ: pesher on Habakkuk
		Its pesher refers to the House of Absalom and the men of its Council who kept silent when the Teacher of Righteousness was punished and did not help him against the Man of a Lie who flouted the Law in the midst of their whole Council.
		Its pesher refers to the Wicked Priest whom, because of the iniquity against the Teacher of Righteousness and the men of his Council, God gave into the hand of His enemies that he might be humbled by a destructive scourge, in bitterness of soul, because he had done wickedly to His Elect One.
		The pesher on Habakkuk was composed and written down, in a scribal hand of the middle Herodian period, AD 20- 50.
	www.pesherofchrist.infinitesoulutions.com /Dss/pesher_on_Habakkuk.html (2340 words)

	Review of Gregory L. Doudna, 4Q Pesher Nahum: A Critical Edition
		ISBN 1-84127-156-X. It is important to begin by setting the context for this enormous treatment of 4Q Pesher Nahum, a key text from Qumran for those wishing to trace some of that community’s history.
		Rather, his own analysis of the pertinent texts shows that the Nahum pesher "is opposed to a wicked Jerusalem regime and sympathizes with Ephraim which it regards as oppressed by the Jerusalem regime.
		On the basis of that identification and on the basis of a series of temporal indicators he identifies especially in fragments 3-4, columns i, ii, and iv, Doudna claims the Pesher must have been composed in 63 BCE before Pompey’s defeat of Aristobulus II.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/reviews/review150.htm (1144 words)

	Did Jesus die in Kashmir?
		Pesher is a technique that she had to master before interpreting the Scrolls.
		The Hebrew word is used in the Old Testament to mean 'interpretation of dreams.' Pesher in the context of the Scrolls is like a solution to a puzzle, something like a cryptic crossword.
		Pesher apparently was known to the Greeks as well as the Jews.
	hamsa.org /resurrection.htm (1035 words)

	The Syntax Repair Shop: Early Biblical Interpretation and Pesher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The pesher to which Kugel refers is a Qumran scroll in which the interpreter is commenting on two verses from Nahum.
		This refers [lit., "its interpretation," pesher, is] to the false interpreters who, at the end of the present time, will have their evil deeds exposed to all of Israel, and many will perceive their willful wickedness.
		This refers [pesher] to the false interpreters, whose counsel shall perish and whose company will be cut off, that they may no more lead the assembly astray, and that simple folk may no more embrace their counsel.
	www.whatsallthisthen.info /2005/01/early-biblical-interpretation-and.html (454 words)

	Matthew Appendix E - Methods of Predictive Prophecy Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pesher may refer either to commentaries on the OT found amongst the Dead Sea scrolls or to the interpretive technique typical of these commentaries.
		Pesher is part of what could be called midrash but is being distinguished here because it could be considered an independent tool of interpretation.
		On one hand, pesher may be regarded as a school of interpretation because it is used for many different kinds of scriptures.
	www.xenos.org /ministries/crossroads/OnlineJournal/issue3/mtappe.htm (1668 words)

	The Teacher of Righteousness and the Dead Sea Scrolls
		The scrolls grouped under the title of "Pesher" have been the most closely scrutinized of all for they contain the major references to events in the life of the Teacher of Righteousness.
		Pesher is a term that refers to a reworking of a biblical passage.
		If the Pesher documents convey an idea of the political and religious opposition there was to the work of the Teacher of Righteousness, the Hymn Scroll tells the even more poignant tale of opposition and betrayal by those of His own community.
	www.spiritual.com.au /articles/ascension/deadseascrolls_bstockbauer.htm (10749 words)

	Review of Barbara Thiering's books
		The results of her "Pesher" reading of the New Testament (which she claims are coming from the Scrolls) and which is itself an unsupported theory, seem to be read back into the Qumran documents.
		First, while she claims that the "Pesher method" by which she "decodes" the New Testament is based on the way the Scrolls people read their Bibles, it is in fact quite different.
		Second, she claims that in her "Pesher" decoding of the New Testament we have a brand new source of historical information, provably valid because it produces internally consistent results.
	www.anchist.mq.edu.au /251/Thierful.htm (6786 words)

	Dead Sea Scrolls: Isaiah Pesher
		A Pesher is a kind of commentary on the Bible that was common in the community that wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls.
		This kind of commentary is not an attempt to explain what the Bible meant when it was originally written, but rather what it means in the day and age of the commentator, particularly for his own community.
		In the Isaiah Pesher, or commentary on the book of Isaiah, a verse or verses from Isaiah are quoted.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/dead_sea_scrolls/4QpesherIsaiah.shtml (215 words)

	Re: Qumran Lesson for Daniel Grolin: Habakkuk Pesher (War Scroll) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He argues that the scroll was written after 70 A.D. and possibly as late as 135 A.D. He connects the allusions of all of the scrolls, the Habakkuk Pesher in particular, with the years before the temple was destroyed.
		Whether or not he is right (and he has no positive proof, only supposition: coins that could be used later, linen that says nothing of the composition of the scrolls) it alters nothing.
		What remains is the specific carbon dating of the document we are discussing: The Habakkuk Pesher: http://www.taylor-edu.ca/codex/DSS/Introductions/1QpHab.html For some reason I cannot access this link: www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/5210/wars-int.htm However, I accept the quote.
	www.talkaboutreligion.com /group/talk.religion.bahai/messages/105085.html (435 words)

	Geering on Thiering
		For it immediately raises the question of whether her own use of the pesher method (see the following steps 3-6) is any more valid than when it was first developed by the Qumran monks.
		She argued that, since the Qumran community wrote scriptures intending them to be interpreted by the Pesher technique, and since the Christian community had its origin in the Qumran community, then what applied to the Qumran writers could be applied also to the Christian writers.
		So by applying the Pesher technique to the New Testament, Thiering has uncovered to her satisfaction, a hidden history of the rise of Christianity.
	sof.wellington.net.nz /geerthie.htm (1227 words)

	Codex: The Habakkuk Pesher
		Peshers were written for the purpose of unraveling or solving the mysteries of the Bible through revelations from God.
		The Habakkuk Commentary or Pesher interprets and scripture of the book of Habakkuk verse by verse relating it to the time of the authors writing of the document.
		The pesher gives insight into their views on the "final generation" and end times, with no specific dates predicted.
	biblical-studies.ca /dss/introductions/1QpHab.html (1362 words)

	The Pesher of Christ: Finding the pesher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In this section, we will explain the procedures that must be followed in order the discover the pesher of the four gospels, Acts and Revelation.
		The full pesher can only be found from the Greek text, in the best manuscripts.
		When it is found that there is perfect consistency, it becomes certain that the pesher is objectively there and has been placed there.
	www.pesherofchrist.infinitesoulutions.com /Finding_the_pesher/Finding_the_pesher_intro.html (191 words)

	"‘Who is the Prophet Talking About?’ Some Reflections on the New Testament’s Use of the Old" by Richard ...
		The situation is somewhat similar in the Dead Sea Scrolls, where preoccupation with pesher interpretation so overshadows all other types of exegesis that one could easily get the impression that the men of Qumran never understood Scripture literally.
		Qumran's pesher interpretation of the OT, therefore, is neither principally 'commentary' nor 'midrashic exegesis', though it uses the forms of both.
		The pesher method, however, dominates a certain class of material, namely that representative of Jesus' early disciples: principally Peter's preaching recorded in the early chapters of Acts, the Gospels of Matthew and John, and 1 Peter.
	www.biblicalstudies.org.uk /article_otnt_longenecker.html (4198 words)

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