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Topic: Pessimism

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	PESSIMISM - LoveToKnow Article on PESSIMISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pessimism and optimism have, however, been expressed in systematic philosophical forms, a brief summary only of which need here be given.
		Pessimism, therefore, depends upon the individual point of view, and the term is frequently used merely in a condemnatory sense by hostile critics.
		Pessimism is naturally connected with materialist, optimism with idealist, views of life.
	4.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PESSIMISM.htm (1076 words)

	Cultural pessimism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cultural pessimism is a significant presence in the general outlook of many historical cultures: things are going to the dogs, the Golden age is in the past, and the current generation is fit only for dumbing down and cultural careerism.
		Cultural pessimism of the Spengler epoch could be seen as a refusal of the rather intellectual and secular choice between nihilism and modernism.
		Towards the end of the 20th century, in a global situation that was much changed, cultural pessimism surfaced again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultural_pessimism (395 words)

	WALTER BENJAMIN AND MAX HORKHEIMER
		Pessimism is the point of departure for this utopia which unlike proletarian solidarity applies to all human beings - out of recognition of their faintness, their pain and their essentially necessary death - and which in the end is instituted by facing "creation".
		Pessimism functions as the point of departure for this negative utopianism presenting true solidarity, which emerges out of the realization of the necessity in the endurance of suffering, which links all humans as finite creatures who share the essential existence of life.
		This utopian pessimism, yearning for redemption, certainly turns out to be a moment of the attempt to evade spiritual death in the life of mere vagueness, to evade the "everything the same" - the salvation of the philosopher's soul.
	construct.haifa.ac.il /~ilangz/Utopia4.html (11855 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pessimism
		As a philosophical system, Pessimism may be characterized as one of the many attempts to account for the presence of evil in the world (see EVIL).
		Leibniz held that "metaphysical" evil is necessarily involved in the creation of finite existences, and that the possibility of sin and consequent suffering is inalienable from the existence of free and rational creatures.
		The view to be taken of the contention of Pessimism depends mainly on whether the question can be settled by an estimate — supposing that one can be formed — of the relative amount of pleasure and pain in average human life.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11740b.htm (1550 words)

	the history of pessimism
		Pessimism opened a for them fissure for this transcendence, or at least, gave them the opportunity of struggling for transcendence that is ultra utopic on the one hand, and constitutes the conceptual conditions for lyrical pessimism on the other.
		His pessimism, by contrast, was manifested in his conviction that the revolution, any revolution, is determined to be reduced by the cancellation and negation of the supreme human value: the beauty that the great artistic works contain.
		Pessimism presents itself in von Hartman's philosophy as a new religion, as a perfection of Christianity, and from that locus he demanded from man the participation with God's suffering,(24) in contrast to the concept of pietas and the participation with the other's sufferings in Schopenhauer's philosophy.
	construct.haifa.ac.il /~ilangz/pessimis.html (15157 words)

	Easylit Poe - Poe Pessimism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It seems that all of his stories and poems are laced throughout with pessimism.
		In the movies, on TV, or in ones own life, pessimism is usually a big influence on how we see life, and other people.
		As one can see, pessimism is used and was used greatly among society today, and society of ages ago.
	www.easylit.com /poe/essays/Epessimism.shtml (468 words)

	Nelson's Weblog: politics / election2004 / pessimism
		The Hitler ad warns "this is not the time for pessimism and rage".
		The Bush campaign claims "Senator Edwards delivers his pessimism with a Southern drawl and a smile".
		Pessimism talks about Bush's "optimism" and then chides Kerry for talking about the US economy, ending with the tag line "Pessimism never created a job".
	www.somebits.com /weblog/politics/election2004/pessimism.html (187 words)

	AllRefer.com - pessimism (Philosophy, Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		pessimism, philosophical opinion or doctrine that evil predominates over good; the opposite of optimism.
		Systematic forms of pessimism may be found in philosophy and religion.
		In religion Buddhism and Hinduism pessimistically appraise the world, while Christianity's pessimism is more restricted.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/pessimis.html (156 words)

	The Positive Power of Negative Thinking
		If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may be one of the millions of people who have learned to cope with the pressures of modern life by using Defensive Pessimism, a strategy of imagining the worst-case scenario of any situation.
		At the same time, she shows how this strategy of Defensive Pessimism differs from the standard optimistic approach--and how friends, husbands and wives and coworkers with different approaches can understand one another and work together.
		The concept and quiz for the personality style "Defensive Pessimism" support a positive interpretation of the adaptive value of being a person who thinks through worst-case scenarios and uses anxiety to motivate and carry out effective actions.
	www.defensivepessimism.com (581 words)

	Optimism and Pessimism - APA Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This volume provides a forum in which leading scholars, researchers, and practitioners involved with the study of optimism and pessimism are given the opportunity to examine these beliefs.
		The result is a critical survey that enables readers to recognize the importance of "balance" in understanding the relative powers of both optimism and pessimism.
		Particularly valuable is an examination of cultural, biological, and psychological factors on optimism and pessimism.
	www.apa.org /books/431754A.html (183 words)

	Julie K. Norem's Research
		In much of my work, I've contrasted a strategy called defensive pessimism used by anxious people to help them manage their anxiety so they can work productively.
		Defensive pessimism involves lowering expectations to help prepare oneself for the worst, and then mentally playing through all the bad things that might happen.
		Though it sounds as if it might be depressing, defensive pessimism actually helps anxious people focus away from their emotions so that they can plan and act effectively I have often contrasted defensive pessimism with a strategy called strategic optimism, which is typically used by people who aren't anxious.
	www.wellesley.edu /Psychology/Norem/Research/research.html (792 words)

	Pessimism and Depression Increase Dementia Risk
		Individuals who do not have psychiatric problems but score very high on a personality test pessimism scale have a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia several decades later.
		This study was designed to test more rigorously the findings of an earlier, exploratory study conducted at Mayo Clinic with a smaller sample of individuals that suggested pessimism, depression, anxiety and social introversion could be risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
		Geda and colleagues conducted this study to determine what types of personality or cognitive style -- one's habitual way of perceiving, remembering, behaving and experiencing emotions -- were associated with the development of dementia or cognitive impairment 30 or 40 years later.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=22934 (616 words)

	Amazon.com: The Positive Power of Negative Thinking: Using Defensive Pessimism to Harness Anxiety and Perform at Your ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		While admitting that defensive pessimism annoys other people, Norem argues that the strategy helps those who are anxious to curb their emotions and get moving toward their goals.
		These individuals deal with their preexisting anxiety by using the strategy of "defensive pessimism." Norem discusses in detail the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy, but shows how those people predisposed to handling their anxiety via defensive pessimism can be harmed by being optimistic.
		The concept and quiz for the personality style "Defensive Pessimism" support a positive interpretation of individual differences in optimism and pessimism, and emphasize the adaptive value of being a person who thinks through worst-case scenarios and uses anxiety to motivate and carry out effective actions.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0465051391?v=glance (1694 words)

	Defensive Pessimism
		Sure, there are going to be struggles along the way, such as Joseph's long stretches in an Egyptian slammer, but flash forward to the end of the story -- there, Joseph is able to tell his brothers that while they intended their action for evil, "God intended it for good" (50:20).
		Defensive pessimism isn't going to help this guy: A burglar breaks into a house one night and turns on his flashlight to find an expensive stereo.
		As he approaches it, a voice behind him whispers, "Jesus is watching you." The startled burglar turns and shines his light on a caged parrot in the corner of the room.
	homileticsonline.com /subscriber/btl_display.asp?installment_id=3118 (2693 words)

	Avoiding Pessimism
		A study of 224 middle-aged and older adults found that avoiding pessimism may be more important than embracing optimism in reducing anxiety and stress and improving reported health.
		Earlier studies that found a strong relationship between levels of pessimism and optimism were generally done with young people.
		But this study showed that, at least with older people, pessimism and optimism were not strongly related.
	researchnews.osu.edu /archive/pessim.htm (611 words)

	Word Spy - defensive pessimism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But now two researchers are suggesting that for some people, a little pessimism may be a good thing.
		According to Julie K. Norem and psychologist Nancy Cantor, these people are able to use "defensive pessimism" to prevent the prospect of failure from immobilizing them.
		Norem and psychologist Nancy Cantor published two papers dealing with defensive pessimism in 1986: "Anticipatory and post hoc cushioning strategies: Optimism and defensive pessimism in 'risky' situations" appeared in the journal Cognitive Therapy and Research; "Defensive pessimism: 'Harnessing' anxiety as motivation" appeared in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
	www.wordspy.com /words/defensivepessimism.asp (490 words)

	Pessimism
		What are the effects of my pessimism and negativity?
		I have a tendency toward pessimism and negativity because I: experienced a major tragedy or loss in my past and I haven't fully grieved and accepted the loss.
		Step 3: Once I've identified how I could overcome my pessimism and negativity, I need to commit myself to a plan.
	www.coping.org /anger/pessimis.htm (2490 words)

	pessimism - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Pessimism : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		PESSIMISM : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Pessimism : The Ism Book A Field Guide to the Nomenclature of Philosophy [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=pessimism (260 words)

	Home Page For pessimism - What is pessimism?
		Art Activities - A growing list of activities for exploring pessimism using techniques from the creative arts such as brainstorming, cartooning, drawing, sculpture, poetry, etc. See other peoples artworks and contribute your own.
		Etymology - The origin of the word pessimism in English.
		Languages -The Translation, Meaning, Etymology, Arts of pessimism explored in other languages.
	www.humanityquest.com /topic/Index.asp?theme1=pessimism (229 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pessimism And Depression Increase Dementia Risk
		Feeling Down Could Raise The Risk For Heart Disease (October 10, 2000) -- Some of the strongest evidence so far suggests that people who commonly experience symptoms of depression are more likely to develop heart disease, according to an article in Circulation: Journal of...
		Midlife Obesity May Be Associated With Risk Of Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease (October 11, 2005) -- Individuals who were obese at midlife had an increased risk for dementia later in life compared to individuals of normal weight, according to an article in the October issue of Archives of Neurology,...
		Paranoia -- In popular culture, the term paranoia is usually used to describe excessive concern about one's own well-being, sometimes suggesting a person holds persecutory beliefs concerning a threat to...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/04/050420090223.htm (1893 words)

	AboutItAll.com \| Oregon » Pessimism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The United Arab Emirates, which includes Dubai, said it was looking to move one-tenth of its dollar reserves into euros, while the governor of the Saudi Arabian central bank condemned the US move as "discrimination".
		But Wall said he has interviewed more than 100 Alaskans who have complained of abuse, and “I’m quite sure that by the time this runs its course, we can expect over 200 clients.”
		Pessimism and international and national07 Oct 2005 08:20 am
	www.aboutitall.com /?cat=11 (1671 words)

	Pessimism Quotes - Quotation Guide
		Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly.
		Pessimism, when you get used to it, is just as agreeable as optimism.
		The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all possible worlds; and the pessimist fears this is true.
	www.annabelle.net /topics/pessimism.php (178 words)

	POSTMODERNISM AND THE SUBJECT; PESSIMISM OF THE WILL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The splintering and ephemeralization which characterize postmodernism seem new and alarming, but to a psychoanalytic eye they evoke familiar phenomena: fragmentation, being in pieces, splitting, part-object relations.
		In short, it is pessimism of the will.
		So I say again: cut the crap and get on with the yarn.
	www.human-nature.com /rmyoung/papers/pap115h.html (5948 words)

	Optimism and Pessimism - APA Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Optimism, Pessimism, and Daily Life With Chronic Illness
		Cultural Influences on Optimism and Pessimism: Differences in Western and Eastern Construals of the Self
		Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychotherapy: Implications for Clinical Practice
	www.apa.org /books/431754At.html (171 words)

	pessimism Quotes
		I guess I just prefer to see the dark
		Pessimism is, in brief, playing the sure game.
		You cannot lose at it; you may gain.
	www.quotemeonit.com /pessimism.html (85 words)

	PESSIMISM Quotations PESSIMISM of famous people - searchable database.
		PESSIMISM Quotations PESSIMISM of famous people - searchable database.
		UNIQUE EDUCATIONAL TOOL FOR ESL/EFL LEARNING AND TEACHING
		Keys to self-check your scores and to see what alternative answers, if any, are possible.
	www.nonstopenglish.com /reading/quotations/k_Pessimism.asp (239 words)

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