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	Pessinus - LoveToKnow 1911
		PESSINUS (HE (Tatvo13, HEawovs), an ancient city of Galatia in Asia Minor, situated on the lowest southern slope of Mt Dindymus, on the left bank of the river Sangarius, not far from its source.
		Some time before 164 B.C. Pessinus fell into the power of the Gauls, and the membership of the priestly college was then equally divided between the Gauls and the old priestly families.
		When Galatia was divided into two provinces (A.D. 386-395) Pessinus was made the capital of Galatia Secunda or Salutaris, and it became a metropolitan bishopric.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pessinus (424 words)

	Archaeological World in Roman & Greek period
		Pessinus, the famous city of Antiquity, is in Ballihisar region, near Sivrihisar, on the Ankara-Eskisehir highway.
		Pessinus, which is also known as The City of Temples had preserved its importance and holiness during the Roman period.
		Sometime before 164 B.C. Pessinus fell into the power of the Gauls, and the membership of the priestly college was then equally divided between the Gauls and the old priestly families.
	www.archaeology-classic.com /turkey/Pessinus.html (173 words)

	Chapter 34. The Myth and Ritual of Attis. Frazer, Sir James George. 1922. The Golden Bough
		The latter is said to have been the local story told by the people of Pessinus, a great seat of the worship of Cybele, and the whole legend of which the story forms a part is stamped with a character of rudeness and savagery that speaks strongly for its antiquity.
		The story of the self-mutilation of Attis is clearly an attempt to account for the self-mutilation of his priests, who regularly castrated themselves on entering the service of the goddess.
		For their drooping spirits had been opportunely cheered by a prophecy, alleged to be drawn from that convenient farrago of nonsense, the Sibylline Books, that the foreign invader would be driven from Italy if the great Oriental goddess were brought to Rome.
	www.bartleby.com /196/81.html (2420 words)

	Archaeological World in Roman & Greek period
		Pessinus, the famous city of Antiquity, is in Ballihisar region, near Sivrihisar, on the Ankara-Eskisehir highway.
		Pessinus, which is also known as The City of Temples had preserved its importance and holiness during the Roman period.
		Sometime before 164 B.C. Pessinus fell into the power of the Gauls, and the membership of the priestly college was then equally divided between the Gauls and the old priestly families.
	www.m-ca.com /turkey/Pessinus.html (173 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 648 (v. 3)
		In Galatia she was chiefly worshipped at Pessinus, where her sacred image was believed to have fallen from heaven (Herodian, i.
		Her priests at Pessinus seem from the earliest times to have been, in some respects, the rulers of the place, and to have derived the greatest possible advantages from their priestly functions.
		Even after the image of the goddess was carried from Pessinus to Rome, Pessinus still continued to be looked upon as the metropolis of the great goddess, and as the principal seat of her worship.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2982.html (971 words)

	Ataman Hotel - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In and around the village of Ballıhisar to the south are the ruins of the ancient Pessinus for those interested in archaeology and mythology wishing to delve further back in the pages of history.
		Nasreddin Hoca, the witty country imam about whom innumerable humorous stories of his words and deeds are still related, was born in the village of Hortu near Sivrihisar in 1206, although he spent his adult life in the town of Akşehir near Konya.
		The history of Sivrihisar, which lies in the province of Eskişehir, goes back to the Hittites, who after retiring from the stage of history were succeeded by the Phrygians Pessinus, 14 kilometres south of Sivrihisar, was one of the most renowned Phrygian cities.
	www.atamanhotel.com /sivrihisar.html (838 words)

	Pessinus
		The cult statue of the Goddess was an unshaped stone, or baitylos, supposed to have fallen down from heaven [meterorite?].
		Excavators have uncovered a broad and probably long canal, constructed in the shallow valley of Pessinus.
		, when the Roman Senate, in consequence of a Sibylline prophecy, sent envoys to Pessinus and transported the cult statue of Cybele to Rome, where it was set up in a temple erected on the Palatine for this occasion.
	www.ancientroute.com /cities/pessinus.htm (190 words)

	Attis
		The sanctuary of the mother goddess was at Pessinus, by the River Sangarius, in the reeds in which she discovered her youthful lover.
		The main center of the cult was at Pessinus (Phrygia).
		The cult was brought to Rome in 204 BC when the stone symbolizing the presence of Cybele (the Roman version of the goddess' name) was carried from Pessinus and installed in the Temple of Victory on the Palatine Hill.
	www.themystica.com /mythical-folk/articles/attis.html (435 words)

	Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism: III. Asia Minor
		They believed that Cybele resided on the high summits of Ida and Berecyntus, and the perennial pines, in conjunction with the prolific and early maturing almond tree, were the sacred trees of Attis.
		In Pompey's time a high priest from Pessinus came to Rome, presented himself at the forum in his sacerdotal garb, a golden diadem and a long embroidered robe--and pretending that the statue of his goddess had been profaned demanded public expiation.
		The rites of her cult were even more sanguinary and savage than those of Pessinus, and she had assumed or preserved a warlike character that gave her a resemblance to the Italian Bellona.
	www.sacred-texts.com /cla/orrp/orrp07.htm (6879 words)

	HistoryandAttributes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Romans enlisted the aid of the king of Pergamum, Attalus, under whose rule Pessinus fell, in bringing the goddess to Rome.
		Though he was at first reluctant, the king had little choice in the matter, especially after an earthquake issued forth the voice of Cybele who said "Rome is worthy to become the meeting-place of all the gods" (Turcan 36).
		When the ship that was carrying the stone arrived in the port of Ostia, the stone was passed hand to hand to Rome, where it was placed on the Palatine Hill in the Temple of Victory.
	students.roanoke.edu /groups/relg211/zamesnik/HistoryandAttributes.html (382 words)

	[No title]
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		PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis), an ancient city of Galatia in Asia Minor, situated on the lowest southern slope of Mt Dindymus, on the left bank of the river Sangarius, not far from its source.
		When Galatia was divided into two provinces (A.D. 386—395) Pessinus was made the capital of Galatia Secunda or Salutaris, and it became a metropolitan bishopric.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=52127 (452 words)

	A Historical Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians
		Even as regards its historical value, small importance might seem on a first superficial view to attach to the question whether the Churches addressed were situated in the south of the province or in the north.
		The distance of Pessinus, the nearest in the northern group, from Iconium in the southern is only about 120 miles.
		From Pessinus to Antioch is about 30 miles less as the crow flies, but almost as much as the traveller goes.
	www.webminister.com /ramsay/rcga01.shtml (2664 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: Pessinus (Balhisar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Balhisar was one of the stations, in Aniquity known as Pessinus.
		It was famous for its shrine of the goddess Matar or Cybele, the Phrygian mother of the gods who was also venerated by the Greeks and Romans.
		The temple of Cybele at Pessinus, which was discovered by Belgian archaeologists in 1967.
	www.livius.org /a/turkey/pessinus/pessinus.html (184 words)

	A Historical Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians
		Even as regards its historical value, small importance might seem on a first superficial view to attach to the question whether the Churches addressed were situated in the south of the province or in the north.
		The distance of Pessinus, the nearest in the northern group, from Iconium in the southern is only about 120 miles.
		From Pessinus to Antioch is about 30 miles less as the crow flies, but almost as much as the traveller goes.
	webminister.com /ramsay/rcga01.shtml (2664 words)

	N3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Professor Devreker of Belgium’s Ghent University who heads the excavations everysummer, in Pessinus has revealed that he got interested in the subject of finding Kybele’s shrine while still a young man. I believe he said that he was 27 at the time.
		His professor was literally in search of Kybele and came to Pessinus, her main shrine, which is located in Eskisehir, province in Central Anatolia.
		Well, at this time it looks as if we’ll be going to Eskisehir, Pessinus to be exact, late in May or perhaps in June to interview and talk about the progress made in those excavations.
	www.byegm.gov.tr /yayinlarimiz/NEWSPOT/1999/mar/N3.htm (1304 words)

	29 years of research bears fruit: the Kybele Archaeological Culture Center - Turkish Daily News Aug 10, 2005
		The village of Ballıhisar was constructed on top of the ancient city of Pessinus, which was a center of worship for the goddess Kybele.
		A [theocracy led by the high priest] Attis was established in Pessinus.
		Professor Devreker said Pessinus was one of the most important cities of the great Phrygian civilization and that many important archaeological artifacts and ruins had been found.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=20352 (793 words)

	Pessinus, Turkey
		Founded by the Phrygians, Pessinus was later the center of a powerful theocratic state.
		It was the capital of the Galatian Tolistoagi (277-244 B.C.) and boasted an important shrine dedicated to the cult of Asia Minor's principal goddess Cybele and her young lover Attis.
		In 183 B.C. Pessinus became a possession of Pergamum and under the Attalids was endowed with splendid temples and colonnades.
	www.planetware.com /eskisehir/pessinus-tr-es-esp.htm (216 words)

	AGDISTIS : Phrygian hermaphrodite goddess ; mythology
		Once when the daughter of the river-god Sangarius was gathering the fruit of this tree, she put some almonds into her bosom ; but here the almonds disappeared, and she became the mother of Attes, who was of such extraordinary beauty, that when he had grown up Agdistis fell in love with him.
		His relatives, however, destined him to become the husband of the daughter of the king of Pessinus, whither he went accordingly.
		But at the moment when the hymeneal song had commenced, Agdistis appeared, and Attes was seized by a fit of madness, in which he unmanned himself; the king who had given him his daughter did the same.
	www.theoi.com /Phrygios/Agdistis.html (767 words)

	Mother Earth in Rome: from Cybele to Juno
		The traditional mother goddess of Anatolia was Cybele, and the Greeks living in Ionia associated Cybele with their younger goddess Artemis.
		A delegation was sent to Delphi to consult the Oracle and then to Pergamun where the ruling King (then allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon) gave them the statue and the fl meteorite that personified Cybele.
		Attis was buried in Pessinus where a pine tree grew.
	www.carnaval.com /cybele (5190 words)

	PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis) - Encyclopedia Britannica - PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis) - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis) - Encyclopedia Britannica - PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis) - JCSM's Study Center
		PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis), an ancient city of Galatia in Asia
		After the 16th century it disappears from history, being supplanted, from the beginning of the period of Saracen invasion, by the impregnable fortress Justinianopolis (Sivri-Hissar), which became the capital and the residence of the bishop, thenceforward called " arch-bishop of Pessinus or of Justinianopolis." (J. End of Article: PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis)
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/PER_PIG/PESSINUS_IIeaatvoi3r_lleacvoii.html (558 words)

	attis and cybele
		The main centre of the cult came to be Pessinus in Galatia.
		The cult and her symbol, the small fl meteorite, were duly moved to Rome and established in 191 BC on the Palatine Hill in the heart of the city.
		She first buried Attis at Pessinus but then used her power to restore him to life and they were reunited, thus bringing nature back to life and hope and salvation into the world.
	paganizingfaithofyeshua.netfirms.com /no_4_attis_cybele.htm (5170 words)

	Religious Cults Associated with the Amazons: Chapter II: The Great Mother
		Conspicuous among these survivals is the worship of Cybele under the form of the Black Stone of Pessinus in Phrygia.
		Her worship at Pessinus in particular is most important to an inquiry concerning the Amazons, because there, attested by history, was the same baetylic form of the goddess under which the Amazons were said to have venerated her.
		Because of its resemblance to the Black Stone of Pessinus, it seems impossible to interpret the stone mentioned by Apollonius otherwise than as the symbol of Cybele, although it was placed in a temple of Ares.
	www.sacred-texts.com /wmn/rca/rca03.htm (3539 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - Germia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A titular see of Galatia Secunda, a suffragan of Pessinus; mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth century (Synec., 698, 4).
		It is a small village in the vilayet and caza of Angora, twenty-one miles south-east of Sivri-Hissar and twelve miles east of the ruins of Pessinus.
		The ancient baths and the ruins of the inn built by Justinian are still to be seen.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/06529b.htm (328 words)

	Anatolian Deities
		Attis became engaged with a princess from the kingdom of Pessinus.
		Attis was often seen as Cybele's consort and a vegetation god, who was celebrated with Cybele in her feast.
		In classical mythology, Sangarius was mostly known in as the father of Hecuba, who was wife of King Priam of Troy, and of Nana, who was mother of Attis.
	www.timelessmyths.com /classical/anatolian.html (630 words)

	attis and cybele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The main centre of the cult came to be Pessinus in Galatia.
		The cult and her symbol, the small fl meteorite, were duly moved to Rome and established in 191 BC on the Palatine Hill in the heart of the city.
		She first buried Attis at Pessinus but then used her power to restore him to life and they were reunited, thus bringing nature back to life and hope and salvation into the world.
	www.geocities.com /essenecx/no_4_attis_cybele.htm (5170 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nana became pregnant by inserting one of the fruits of the tree in her womb and gave birth to Attis, but at Sangarius' wish she abandoned Attis, who was adopted by some passersby.
		According to legend a festival and community of priests were founded by Agdistis at Pessinus in honor of Attis.
		Attis was a minor part of Cybele's cult, and he was variously regarded as a mortal or as a god of vegetation, although his status increased until, in the Roman period, he was an equal deity with Cybele.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAG0842 (365 words)

	Attis, Greek Mythology Link - www.maicar.com
		When some time after a boy was born she exposed him, but he was saved by a goat that nourished him.
		When this happened, Agdistis repented and asked Zeus to grant that Attis' body should not decay; for as they say, Agdistis was himself in love with the youth.
		But whatever happened to that request, Attis was buried in the vicinity of Pessinus, where a temple was built to the Mother of the Gods, whom they called Agdistis although she is often identified with Rhea 1,
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/Attis.html (882 words)

	American Academy in Rome - Fautores Abstract - Thoen
		Pessinus was known in Antiquity as the oldest cult-center of the Phrygian goddess Cybele.
		The antique city-center is now located near and under the Turkish village of Ballihisar, some 140 km SW of Ankara.
		Evolution can be traced from closed find-complexes, dating from the Late Phrygian period (ca 400 B.C.) onwards till the Early Byzantine era (ca 600 A.D.).
	www.aarome.org /confs/ft_abstr/ft_ab_thoen.htm (295 words)

	Classical Archaeology
		Historical and archaeological research of the ancient city of Pessinus (Turkey) and its territory: a diachronic study:
		Devreker, H. Thoen en F. Vermeulen, The Imperial Sanctuary at Pessinus and its Predecessors: a Revision, in: Anatolia Antiqua, III, Paris, 1995, pp.
		Vermeulen, M. De Dapper en P. Brackman, Archaeological and Geomorphological Approach to the Roman City: the Case of Pessinus, in: La ciudad en el mundo romano, Actas XIV Congreso Internacional de Arqueologia Clasica, Tarragona, 5-11/9/1993, Tarragona, 1994, vol.
	home.tiscali.be /vda04251/www/units/classicb.htm (1139 words)

	Research Unit Classical Archaeology and Archaeology of Art
		Historical and archaeological research of the ancient city of Pessinus (Turkey) and its territory: a diachronic study.
		Devreker, H. Thoen en F. Vermeulen, The Imperial Sanctuary at Pessinus and its Predecessors: a Revision, in: Anatolia Antiqua, III, Paris, 1995, pp.
		Vermeulen, M. De Dapper en P. Brackman, Archaeological and Geomorphological Approach to the Roman City: the Case of Pessinus, in: La ciudad en el mundo romano, Actas XIV Congreso Internacional de Arqueologia Clasica, Tarragona, 5-11/9/1993, Tarragona, 1994, vol.
	allserv.rug.ac.be /~fvermeul/ruclarch.html (1685 words)

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