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Topic: Pesticide

	Registering Pesticides \| Pesticides \| US EPA
		Pesticide registration is the process through which EPA examines the ingredients of a pesticide; the site or crop on which it is to be used; the amount, frequency and timing of its use; and storage and disposal practices.
		This workplan reflects the priority-setting (Pesticide Registration Notices 97-2 (PDF) and 98-7) process for these pesticides, which focuses on reduced-risk pesticides and pesticides that can replace methyl bromide or the organophosphate pesticides.
		Pesticide registrants should consult with the appropriate state pesticide program for questions about state registration.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm (1000 words)

	Pesticide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance.
		Pesticide use has increased 50-fold since 1950, and 2.5 million tons of industrial pesticides are now used each year.
		Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are persistent soil contaminants, whose impact may endure for decades, and adversely affect soil conservation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pesticide (1649 words)

	Pesticide misuse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under United States laws, pesticide misuse is the use of a pesticide in a way that violates laws regulating their use or endangers humans or the environment; many of these regulations are laid out in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
		The most common example of pesticide misuse is application inconsistent with the labeling, which could be use of a material in any way not described on the label, changing dosage rates, or violating a specific safety instruction.
		Pesticide misuse that endanger human health or even cause death get the most attention from law enforcement, yet pesticide poisonings are still a common problem, particularly with agricultural workers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pesticide_misuse (531 words)

	Pesticide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A pesticide is a chemical used to control, to repel, to attract or to kill pests, for example, insects, weeds, birds, mammals, fish, or microbes, that are considered a nuisance.
		Some pesticides are considered too hazardous for sale to the general public, and these are designated restricted pesticides.
		Pesticides are also a factor in pollinator decline, which is a food supply issue.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Pesticide (580 words)

	AllRefer.com - pesticide, Environment (Environmental Studies) - Encyclopedia
		Various pesticides are known as insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides, i.e., agents primarily effective against insects, nematodes (or roundworms), fungi, weeds, and rodents, respectively.
		In the environment, the biological concentration of chemical pesticides (the amount retained in an organism through direct contact or consumption of affected plants or animals) tends to increase the higher the animal is in the food chain.
		Potential dangers from pesticide use must be weighed against improved crop quality and yield and greatly improved human health around the world, as well as the availability of disease-preventing fresh fruits and vegetables that the use of pesticides has made possible.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/pesticid.html (652 words)

	Pesticide FarmASyst
		The risk of pesticide contamination of groundwater is influenced by properties of both the pesticide and the soil on which it is spilled or applied.
		Pesticide storage areas should be downslope and at least 50 feet from your well to provide reasonable assurance that well water will not be contaminated.
		Pesticide storage cabinets or buildings should be locked any time the owner or his employees are not present.
	www.soil.ncsu.edu /assist/pesticides (4309 words)

	Pesticide misuse: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(pesticide misuse is the use of a pesticide pesticide quick summary:
		A pesticide is a chemical used to control, to repel, to attract, or to kill pests, which are organisms, including insects, weeds, birds, mammals,...
		An insecticide is a pesticide whose purpose is to kill or to prevent the multiplication of insects....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/pesticide_misuse.htm (715 words)

	Pesticides \| US EPA
		Time-Limited Registration of Iodomethane (Methyl Iodide) - The Agency has approved for one year the registration of the soil fumigant iodomethane (methyl iodide) under highly restrictive provisions governing its use.
		Pesticide Registration (PR) Notice 2007-3: Announcing the formation of the Agricultural Handlers Exposure Task Force, L.L.C. N-methyl Carbamate Revised Cumulative Risk Assessment Released.
		Clarification for Ion Generating Equipment -- EPA issued a Federal notice which clarifies the Agency's position on the classification of machines that generate ions of silver (such as silver ion generating washing machines) or other substances for express pesticidal purposes.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides (319 words)

	Signs and Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning, EC2505
		A pesticide with a lower LD is more toxic than a pesticide with a higher number because it takes less of the pesticide to kill half of the test animals.
		The toxicity of fumigant pesticides is described in terms of the concentration of the pesticide in the air, LC (lethal concentration, 50 percent).
		All pesticides in a given chemical group generally affect the human body in the same way; however, severity of the effects vary depending on the formulation, concentration, toxicity and route of exposure of the pesticide.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /pesticides/ec2505.htm (4531 words)

	Pesticide at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the registration processs a pesticide label is created, which has directions for proper use of the material.
		Use not consitent with the label is pesticide misuse.
		The most important point for users to understand is that it a violaton to apply any pesticide in a manner not in accordance with the label for that pesticide.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Pesticide.html (582 words)

	INTERNATIONAL PESTICIDE TRADE: IS THERE ANY HOPE FOR THE EFFECTIVE REGULATION OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES?
		The pesticide industry has made an effort to address labeling shortcomings;[155] however, workers using pesticides are often illiterate[156] or speak a different language than that printed on the pesticide container.
		If a pesticide "may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in residues of the pesticide becoming a component of food," EPA regulations preclude the registration of a pesticide under FIFRA until the FDA issues appropriate tolerances for residues under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
		Pesticide manufacturers are expected to: make available copies or summaries of the original reports of such tests for assessment by responsible government authorities in all countries where the pesticide is to be offered for sale.
	www.law.fsu.edu /journals/landuse/Vol131/REYN.HTMl (11709 words)

	How to avoid producing excess spray solutions, pesticide contaminated rinsewaters, absorbents and empty pesticide ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is the goal of the State of Oregon and the agricultural and pest control industry to encourage all pesticide users to eliminate or to at least minimize the generation of pesticide waste.
		Pesticide waste is any substance or material containing pesticide that can not be used and must be disposed of.
		Also, pesticide waste does not include pesticide-containing materials when pesticides were applied according to label instructions.
	www.deq.state.or.us /wmc/hw/pesticideavoid.html (1134 words)

	IP-9: Food Safety: Pesticide Residues in Grains, Vegetables, Fruits and Nuts
		Pesticides cannot be registered (that is, they cannot be sold in the US) unless the safe level (tolerance) is set.
		Pesticide reduction on foods (that is, using the least amount of pesticide needed to get the job done) may be best accomplished through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
		Pesticides may be used, but only when economic thresholds (damaging population levels) are reached.
	www.ca.uky.edu /agc/pubs/ip/ip9/ip9.htm (1616 words)

	ODA Pesticides Division Descriptions of pesticide licenses
		This license is also required of those who apply restricted-use pesticides to non-agricultural land or property that belongs to them or their employer, even if they are not employed by a Commercial Pesticide Operator.
		The Pesticide Consultant license expires on December 31st and is renewable annually for a $40.00 fee during the licensee´s certification period.
		A Directly Supervised Public Pesticide Trainee License is required of individuals who are employed by a public agency and who are applying pesticides under the direct supervision of a properly licensed Public Pesticide Applicator (supervising applicator).
	oregon.gov /ODA/PEST/licensedescrip2.shtml (1550 words)

	Pesticides in our foods
		The report's findings are based on pesticide residue data collected on a wide variety of foods by the United States Department of Agriculture from 1994 to 1999, tests conducted on food sold in California by the state's Department of Pesticide Regulation from 1989 through 1998, and tests by Consumers Union in 1997.
		Based upon tens of thousands of government tests of pesticide residue, their system picks both conventional and organic samples and tell you what pesticides were detected in those samples.
		Some pesticides, such as DDT, were banned 30 years ago but still persist in the environment and find their way into organic food.
	www.healingdaily.com /detoxification-diet/pesticides.htm (1244 words)

	NIOSH Topic: Pesticides - Pesticide Illness & Injury Surveillance \| CDC NIOSH
		Surveillance for occupational pesticide-related illness and injury is designed to protect workers by determining the magnitude and underlying causes of over-exposure to pesticides in the workplace.
		By collecting information on the pesticide formulation, where it was used, and how it was applied, the circumstances responsible for poisoning events can be identified and this information can be used to design prevention strategies.
		Exposure to pesticides in the school environment is a health risk facing school employees and children.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/topics/pesticides (1577 words)

	USGS NAWQA - Pesticide registration
		Low concentrations of pesticides are in streams and ground water throughout the nation.
		In addition, these criteria have been developed for individual chemicals and do not account for exposure to chemical mixtures or to the high concentrations that occur in seasonal "pulses." And the potential effects on reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, as well as on chemically sensitive individuals, are not well understood.
		By 2010, 50 percent of all pesticides with the potential to leach to ground water will be managed through labeling or other methods to prevent ground-water contamination.
	water.usgs.gov /nawqa/informing/pesticides.html (477 words)

	Pesticide Recordkeeping
		Unfortunately, the term "pesticide" is often used interchangeably with "insecticide" and thus we frequently see and hear the phrase "pesticides and herbicides".
		Restricted Use Pesticides may only be purchased and used (used in the broad sense to include opening the container, mixing, loading, applying, and rinsing empty containers) by Certified Applicators, or persons under their direct supervision.
		In South Carolina, pesticide applicators may be required to maintain records or display information on their pesticide applications under at least four different regulations.
	entweb.clemson.edu /pesticid/saftyed/recordkp.htm (2050 words)

	Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues
		A Codex Maximum Limit for Pesticide Residues (MRLP) is the maximum concentration of a pesticide residue (expressed as mg/kg) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted in or on food commodities and animal feeds.
		Foods derived from commodities that comply with the respective MRLPs are intended to be toxicologically acceptable, that is, consideration of the various dietary residue intake estimates and determinations both at the national and international level in comparison with the ADI, should indicate that foods complying with the MRLPs are safe for human consumption.
		Pesticide Residues in Food standards, definitions, and references are located in Volumes 2A and 2B of the Codex Alimentarius, Pesticides in Foods (General Texts) and Pesticides in Foods (Maximum Residue Limits).
	www.fsis.usda.gov /regulations_&_policies/Codex_Committee_Pesticide_Residues/index.asp (435 words)

	Pesticide Storage
		If a pesticide enters a water supply in large quantities, which could happen with spills or back-siphonage accidents, acute health effects (toxic effects apparent after only a short period of exposure) could occur, depending on the toxicity of the pesticide.
		Instead, pesticides usually occur in trace amounts, and the concern is for the chronic health problems that may result from prolonged exposure.
		The risk of pesticides contaminating ground water is influenced by properties of both the pesticide and the soil on which it is spilled or applied.
	waterhome.brc.tamus.edu /texasyst/pesticide.html (2800 words)

	Pesticide Education Resources
		Pesticide Safety Education Programs (PSEP) at the University of Nebraska are coordinated from the Pesticide Education Office.
		This office is part of the Agronomy and Horticulture Department, and is located on "East Campus" at the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources within the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska.
		Programs include the traditional certification and training of pesticide applicators, integrated pest management in a variety of environments, pesticide safety awareness for the general public, youth, master gardeners, and many other information and technology transfer programs.
	pested.unl.edu (143 words)

	Pesticide Reduction
		The two main goals of the program are (1) to eliminate the use of the most potentially hazardous herbicides and insecticides and (2) to achieve a 30 percent reduction in overall pesticide use.
		Pesticides were the first product group addressed under the policy because they are potentially hazardous chemicals intentionally placed directly into the environment.
		Grounds staff were involved from the inception of the program which resulted in a widely accepted approach that stretched our idea of what was possible and provided staff with other tools as well as the freedom to try things that might not work.
	seattle.gov /environment/pesticides.htm (363 words)

	DLA Piper \| US \| Services \| Pesticide
		The centerpiece of the firm’s Pesticide practice is its expertise and experience in FIFRA data compensation issues.
		We have also represented clients in numerous arbitrations that were settled prior to entry of any orders or decisions, as well as in dozens of data compensation negotiations which were resolved prior to the initiation of arbitration.
		For example, the firm successfully defended a major pesticide manufacturer in one of the first, and still one of the leading, pesticide preemption decisions issued by a federal court of appeals.
	www.dlapiper.com /pesticide (1125 words)

	Pesticide Labels, from the Montana State University Extension Service
		All uses of pesticides are classified on the basis of hazards, the intended use and the pesticide's effect upon the environment.
		Pesticide use is classified either for "general-use" or "restricted-use." General use pesticides are less likely to harm the user and/or environment when used according to the label.
		Pesticide labels are developed to inform applicators about safe and proper use of the product, warn about potential risks and recommend methods to avoid risks.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt9720.html (3056 words)

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