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Topic: Petabecquerels

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	Sellafield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An estimated 750 terabecquerels (TBq) (20,000 curies) of radioactive Iodine-131 were released, and milk and other produce from the surrounding farming areas had to be destroyed.
		For comparison, 250,000 terabecquerels or 250 petabecquerels (7 million curies) of Iodine-131 were released by Chernobyl, and only 0.55 terabecquerels (15 curies) of Iodine-131 by Three Mile Island.
		On February 17, 2005, the UK Atomic Energy Authority reported that 29.6 kg (65.3 lb) of plutonium, enough to make seven nuclear bombs, was unaccounted for in auditing records at the Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sellafield (1180 words)

	Sellafield -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1957, a fire at one of the twin Windscale reactors caused the world's worst (Click link for more info and facts about nuclear accident) nuclear accident until the (Click link for more info and facts about Chernobyl accident) Chernobyl accident.
		For comparison, 250,000 terabecquerels or 250 petabecquerels (7 million curies) of Iodine 131 were released by Chernobyl, and only 0.55 terabecquerels (15 curies) of Iodine 131 by (Click link for more info and facts about Three Mile Island) Three Mile Island.
		The operating company, the (Click link for more info and facts about British Nuclear Group) British Nuclear Group, describes this as nothing more than a discrepancy in paper records, rather than any physical loss of material.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Se/Sellafield.htm (847 words)

	fallout
		RADIOACTIVE contamination from the production of plutonium for the former Soviet Union's nuclear weapons was far higher than anyone believed, warns new study.
		A scientific investigation by the Russia and Norwegian governments conclude that since 1948 the Mayak nuclear complex in the southern Urals has leake 8900 petabecquerels (PBq) of the radio active isotopes strontium-90 and caesium 137 into the environment.
		This is more than five times greater than all the radioactivity from the same isotope released by the world's 500 atmospheric nuclear tests (1550 PBq), the 1986 Chernobyl accident (70 PBq) and the Sellafield nuclear plant (47 PBq) put together.
	www.dhushara.com /book/explod/nuclears/fallo.htm (922 words)

	Chapter II The release, dispersion and deposition of radionuclides - Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health ...
		However, more deposition data (Be90) were available when, in their 1988 Report (UN88), the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) gave release figures based not only on the Soviet data, but also on worldwide deposition.
		The total 137Cs release was estimated to be 70 petabecquerels (PBq) of which 31 PBq were deposited in the Soviet Union.
		Later analyses carried out on the core debris and the deposited material within the reactor building have provided an independent assessment of the environmental release.
	www.nea.fr /html/rp/chernobyl/c02.html (3826 words)

	Book Encyclopedia - Web Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Suchkov made no attempt to rescue the submarine crew.
		By 0300 the wreck had sunk in the Barents Sea, 238 meters down, with nine of her crew and 800 kilograms of spent nuclear fuel containing some 20 petabecquerels (600 kilocuries) of radioactivity.
		The Military Prosecutor General's office brought charges against Captain Second Class Sergei Zhemchuzhnov who was overseeing the towing operation.
	www.bookencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=K-159 (684 words)

	Articles - Nuclear thermal rocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The zone of contamination and its concentration would be dependent on prevailing weather conditions and orbital parameters at the time of re-entry.
		Three to five tonnes of plutonium (about 11.8 petabecquerels) were released into the atmosphere by weapons testing from the end of WWII (1945) until the Partial Test Ban Treaty was signed in 1963.
		Though no deaths have been definitively detected from these events, it is virtually impossible to determine if any cases of cancer have actually been induced by inhalation or ingestion of plutonium particles dispersed in the atmosphere or lithosphere as a result of these releases.
	www.togoc.com /articles/Nuclear_thermal_rocket (2228 words)

	Inventory of Radionuclides
		These results were obtained by integration of the year-by-year data from the previous graphs, then summing over the three reactor types, and correcting each radionuclide for subsequent disappearance through radioactive decay.
		For most radionuclides the emissions are a few megabecquerels per year, but a few can reach the gigabecquerel per year levels.
		These levels are insignificant compared with the terabecquerel and petabecquerel levels released from nuclear reactors.
	www.ijc.org /php/publications/html/invrep/chapter2.html (6805 words)

	Nearby nuclear waste
		In the storages of the centre there is 60 000 m
		Its total activity is about 10 petabecquerels (PBq = 10
		In Estonia, near the town of Sillamäe on the shore of the Gulf of Finland there is a large (50 hectares) waste depository.
	www.stuk.fi /ydinturvallisuus/ydinjatteet/ydinjatteet_maailmalla/en_GB/lahialueet/_print (236 words)

	New Scientist Archive - This Week - US and Britain top nuclear dumping league (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The lion's share of the waste dumped between 1946 and 1982 came from two countries; the US and Britain.
		According to a report prepared by the International Atomic Energy Agency, an estimated 46 petabecquerels (1 PBq = one thousand million million becquerels) of packaged, unpackaged and liquid waste was dumped at more than 50 sites in the northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during that period.
		Most of the waste came from the civil and military nuclear power programmes.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg12817411.100.html (270 words)

	UIC - Newsletter 6/97
		A joint Norwegian-Russian government investigation shows that pollution from manufacture of plutonium for Russian weapons is severe and widespread, due both to accidents and routine discharges.
		Since 1948 the Mayak weapons complex has leaked 8900 petabecquerels of strontium-90 and caesium-137.
		This is more than five times greater than all the radioactivity from those isotopes (both fission products) released by the world's atmospheric weapons tests (1550 PBq), the Chernobyl accident (70 PBq, 1986) and the Sellafield nuclear plant (47 PBq, pre 1990) put together.
	www.uic.com.au /news198.htm (4346 words)

	Verity Information Skills - Learning material
		Such high activity waste should under no circumstances have contact with living organisms and it must definitely be contained for hundreds of thousands of years.
		Now that nuclear power plants have been in use for almost 50 years, we have accumulated roughly 150,000 tons of radioactive uranium refuse the radioactivity of which is 1,000,000 petabecquerels (PBq, 1 PBq = 1,015 Bq).
		Only a third of this amount has been reprocessed.
	www.hyvan.helsinki.fi /opiskelutaidot/esimerkki.html (2327 words)

	Weekend News Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sun Jul 18,2004 -- The volume of radioactive fallout from the more than 450 nuclear tests conducted by the U.S. and Soviet Union before the 1970s was far higher than previously thought, according to researchers at the Japan Meteorological Agency.
		A team led by Michio Aoyama analyzed data from 1970 on the atmosphere, soil and seawater of about 30 countries and concluded that the amount of fallout totaled about 700 petabecquerels - about 1.5 times higher than earlier estimates.
		Past analysis did not correctly reflect fallout into the sea, according to Aoyama.
	www.upway.com /cgi-bin/readnews.cgi?day=04_07_18&item= (1429 words)

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