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	Petchenegs - Encyclopedia.com
		For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
		moreover, for his victory at Lebounion in 1091, when the nomadic Petchenegs, who had long terrorised the Balkans, were obliterated as a
		In his discussion on this period of Moldavian history, Castellan includes the Petchenegs and Kumans in the list of foreign invaders (1992: 151), East adds the Tatars (1973: 2).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-Petchene.html (325 words)

	info: Petchenegs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		PETCHENEGS PETCHENEGS, or PATZINAKS, a barbarous people, probably of Turkish race, who at the end of the 9th century were driven into Europe from the lower Ural, and for about 300 years wandered about...
		The Cumans heavily defeated the Petchenegs and recrossed the Danube.
		Petchenegs PetÃ©n Peter, Saint Peter I, czar of Russia Peter II, czar of Russia Peter III, czar of Russia Peter I, king of AragÃ³n and Navarre Peter II, king of AragÃ³n Peter III, king of AragÃ³n and king of...
	www.info-assicurazione.com /Petchenegs.html (1069 words)

	Crimean Tatars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are descendants of Tatars who moved west with the Mongols and other Turkic groups (Khazars, Petchenegs, and Kipchaks) who had settled in eastern Europe as early as the 7th century..
		Crimean Tatars are descendants of settlers who moved west with the Mongols and Turkic-speaking groups (Bulgars, Khazars, Petchenegs and Kypchaks) who had settled in eastern Europe as early as the 7th century.
		The earliest non-Turkic nomad population (Scythians etc.) was assimilated to Turkic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crimean_Tatars (766 words)

	"Khazars" in Encyclopedia Britannica, 1897
		So important was this traffic held at Constantinople that, when the portage to the Don was endangered by the irruption of a fresh horde of Turks (the Petchenegs), the emperor Theophilus himself dispatched the materials and the workmen to build for the Khazars a fortress impregnable to their forays (834).
		Famous as the one stone structure is in that stoneless region, the post became known far and wide amongst the hordes of the steppe as Sar-kel or the White Abode.
		By calling in the Uzes, the Khazars did indeed dislodge the Petchenegs from the position they had siezed in the heart of the kingdom between the Volga and the Don, but only to drive them inwards to the Dnieper.
	khazaria.tripod.com /khazars-britannica.html (2944 words)

	[No title]
		Petchenegs Besides being part of your army, the Petcheneg light horsemen also form the Imperial Police.
		There is a banda of Petchenegs currently watching Peter the Hermit's progress through the Empire, under strict instructions to keep the pilgrims in order, and to hurry them along, not allowing them to spend more than three days in one place.
		Petcheneg by birth and ex commander of the Skythikon Manuel Butumites, General and Siege Engineer.
	www.megagame-makers.org.uk /download/gwi-byz.txt (5470 words)

	Another Definition of Khazars
		So was this traffic held at Constantinople that, when a portage from the Don was endangered by the irruption of a fresh horde of Turks (the Petchenegs), the emperor Theophillus, himself despatched the materials and workmen to build for the Khazars a fortress impregnable to their forays (834).
		Khazar troops were amongst the bodyguard of the imperial court; they fought for Leo VI against Simeon of Bulgaria; and the khakan was honoured in diplomatic intercourse with the seal of three solidi, which marked him as a potentate of the first rank, above even the pope and the Carolingian monarchs.
		By calling in the Uzes, the Khazars did,, indeed, dislodge the Petchenegs from the position they had seized in the heart of the kingdom, between the Volga and the Don, but only to drive them inwards to the Dnieper.
	www.matriots.com /bh/Khazars2.html (2084 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE
		I have tackled, starting from the literary and archaeological sources, the history of ancient Turkish populations (Petchenegs, Uzs, Kumans) and their relations with the Byzantine world.
		For instance, the work on the Petcheneg was reviewed 14 times abroad (in England, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, the USA, Bulgaria, Russia) and in 5 reviews in this country.
		I was awarded the "Vasile Pârvan" prize of the Academy (1972) for the 1 st volume of the monogr ap h Păcuiul lui Soare.
	www.cimec.ro /Evenimente/PetreDiaconu/DiaconuCV_en.htm (814 words)

	The founding of Hungary
		The Petchenegs were expelled from their former homelands by the Uz, another Turkic steppe people, thus they were looking for a new homeland just as much as the Hungarians.
		In Transylvania the evacuees from Etelkoz rested and settled in seven groups according to the seven tribes of the Magyars.
		Still feeling the enormous difficulties, the Magyars decided to make a supreme sacrifice: they ritually killed the aged Almos so that he might appease their God and that his spirit might enter his son, Arpad, who thus became the sole ruler over all the Hungarians.
	www.kfki.hu /~/wmaster/honf.html (1303 words)

	Pecheneg - TheBestLinks.com - Petchenegs, Central Asia, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Turkic language, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pecheneg - TheBestLinks.com - Petchenegs, Central Asia, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Turkic language,...
		Petchenegs, Pecheneg, Central Asia, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Turkic...
		Pechenegs, also known as Patzinaks, were a nomadic people of Central Asia.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Petchenegs.html (90 words)

	Hatvan - Cities - Hungary - TravelToHungary.com
		Hatvan (meaning sixty) is exactly sixty kilometres far from Budapest, so a lot of people think that the name refers to the geographical location of the town.
		But the town, at an important crossing point, received its name - according to some stories - during the time of King St. Ladislaus of the Árpád dynasty (1077-1095), when sixty Petchenegs were settled down here.
		According to another explanation, the name of the town, which appeared for the first time in 1235 as "Hotvin", referred to the name of a distinguished person from the time of the Hungarian Conquest.
	www.traveltohungary.com /english/sights/city.php?id=214 (654 words)

	Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict
		The gyepü (military frontier) defense system is established and henceforth Transylvania becomes the organizational center of defense activities against threats from the East.
		Saint Stephen establishes the bishopric of Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Karlsburg), consolidates his hold over Transylvania, and defeats the decentralizing efforts of the Transylvanian leaders Gyula and of Ajtony.
		Cuman control over this area lasts until the great Mongol (Tatar) invasion of 1241.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/transy/transy02.htm (1839 words)

	About Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The protagonists playing a major part therein, the Huns, Avars, Bulgarians, Petchenegs, Kipchaks and Mongolians, had all arrived from the Asian steppes before continuing on their way west and south-west.
		The arrival of Hungarians on the southern Russian steppes essentially determined their future: they became part and parcel of the large-scale east-west movement of nomadic peoples.
		Petchenegs and Kumans (Kuns)) as the Carpathian Basin, soon to become part of the settled European world, remained the target of nomadic migrations for centuries.
	www.ce.areur.army.mil /pages/hungary/orient.htm (6787 words)

	German Genealogy: Donauschwaben in the Batschka
		Thus the Magyars went west, breached the Carpathian Passes, and under their leader Prince Arpad were quickly able to fill the vaccuum left by the defeat of the Avars.
		The southern portion of the Batschka region was at this time a county known as Bácska with its seat at Batsch and the northern portion called Bodrog with its seat at the town of the same name.
		In 934 they had joined the Magyars in an invasion of the Byzantine Empire and continued to attack either alone or with other groups until finally defeated in battle by the combined forces of Byzantine Empire and the Kumans in 1090-1.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/ESE/dsbatsch.html (3091 words)

	The Eastern Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Most of the invasions came from the north-west, such as those of the Ouz, the Bulgars, the Slavs, and the Petchenegs.
		It was at this time that the Seljuks penetrated Anatolia from the east, while the Petchenegs were attacking from the west.
		The advance of the Seljuks into Anatolia after the battle of Malazgirt (1071) resulted in great losses to the Empire, both of peasant-soldiers and of territories.
	www.sullivan-county.com /x/ere.htm (5131 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR John II Comnenus, Emperor of Cyprus
		John further took a fortress called Hierakokoryphitis and, we are told, others in the vicinity.
		In the winter of 1121-1122 the Petchenegs (or so we are told by the historians: they may have been Cumans, another Turkic people) crossed the river Danube and began laying waste to Thrace.
		Both Choniates and Cinnamus mention the Petcheneg tactic of defending their dependents with a circle of wagons, against which the Varangian guard with their axes were sent.
	www.roman-emperors.org /johncomn.htm (3157 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Roman 'Round the Med
		If the Emperor would be so kind as to provide the funds needed for the ransom, I will sign over to him our claim to the county.” I sent off a query to His Majesty, with the notation that due to the state of the treasury, we would need to take a loan.
		While Emperor Manuel was warring on the Petchenegs and Italians, truly amazing things were happening in the Holy Land.
		The King of Jerusalem went to war with the Fatimids of Egypt in October of 1150, joined by the Count of Tripoli the next July.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=131382 (2523 words)

	Michael Swanwick Online: Whispers Through a Brass Tube
		She is established as peasant-shrewd, and then left stranded in safe isolation by an author who knew exactly how dangerous - and useful - such a character could be.
		And mention had been made, remember, of her being a witch, "weaving counter-spells against the witcheries of the Petchenegs and Scotes..." Also, when questioned about what is clearly not a dog, she says, "I must always have one such," and quickly changes the subject.
		Here's where the Black Man's aristocracy comes in, for Aunt Petronella (I postulated) is herself old, old aristocracy when gauged by the esoteric titles predating Rome, such a one as even the Black Man must respect.
	www.michaelswanwick.com /nonfic/davidson.html (2158 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		lesser-known chapter in Turkish annals is that of the Patzinaks or Petchenegs, a nation of predatory nomads whose path of exodus from Central...
		In his discussion on this period of Moldavian history, Castellan includes the Petchenegs and Kumans in the list of foreign invaders (1992: 151), East adds the Tatars (1973: 2).
		Frankish corps, on his right wing, was partly responsible, moreover, for his victory at Lebounion in 1091, when the nomadic Petchenegs, who had long terrorised the Balkans, were obliterated as a nation.
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Petchenegs&refid=ency_botnm (347 words)

	Descriere harta
		Nevertheless, it could preserve its own organization, being ruled by a voivode - a specifically Romanian form of government generalized all over Transylvania until the 16th century, when this status was changed into that of prince.
		In order to secure the defence of their frontiers against the inroads made by steppe populations (Petchenegs, Cumans, and Tartars) and to exploit the riches of Transylvania more profitably, the Hungarian kings encouraged other groups of people to settle down in the area.
		This process began in mid-12th century, when groups of Szeklers (a population mix of steppe migrants, who had followed the Hungarians on their way to Europe), and of Saxons (from Flanders, Luxembourg, the Mosel and the Rhine region, and from Saxony) were brought in.
	media.ici.ro /history/harti_q.htm (621 words)

	Slavic Peoples Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		The East Slavs may all be traced to Slavic speaking populations that were organised as Kievan Rus' beginning in the 9th century AD and eventually fell under the influence of Mongol Empire.
		Almost all of the South Slavs can be traced to ethnic Slavs who mixed with the local population of the Balkans (Illyrians, Thracians, Dacians and Getae) and with later invaders from the East (Bulgars, Avars, Alans, Petchenegs, Cumans), then fell under the hegemony of the Ottoman Empire.
		The West Slavs (and the Slovenes) do not share either of these backgrounds, but gradually expanded so far to the West that they fell into the cultural sphere of Western (Roman Catholic) Christendom around this timeframe.
	www.lokalkolorit.de /encyclopedia/Slavic_peoples (1848 words)

	Economic History of Moldova
		Romanian is a Romance language, along with Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and French.
		Because of the attacks by invaders from the east and north, such as the Slavas and the Petchenegs, the Romans in 271 A.D. withdrew leaving the Dacians at the mercy of those invaders.
		The Slavs were not marauding invaders; they came to settle.
	www.applet-magic.com /moldova.htm (1363 words)

	[No title]
		If they ever happen to capture Jerusalem, they will begin converting areas under their control to their heresey, Muslim Khwarzite (MSK) [24.43] Timing of Desert Raiders: Desert raiders are active in any pentade after 1000AD in which a 6 is rolled.
		The Petchenegs are TURPAG, speak Turkish, and have a leader of random strength 5-8.
		When all adjacent areas are at SS -3, or unassailable, they will attempt to conquer a neighboring area (at best effectiveness) so that they can pillage some more.
	grognard.com /variants/emaexp.txt (3604 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		But soon it was recognized that the devil had been expelled with the help of Beelzebub.
		Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani).
		All three perils were bravely met, though at the cost of heavy losses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (14281 words)

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