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Topic: Peter IV of Aragon

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Peter III of Aragon

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Aragon
		Aragon is bounded on the north by France, on the east by Catalonia, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, La Rioja, and Navarre.
		Aragon is an ancient land composed of three provinces: Zaragoza (Saragossa); remote Teruel, which is farther south and Huesca; Most of Aragon constitutes terra incognita for the average tourist- which is unfortunate, since it is one of the most historic regions of Spain.
		Zaragoza is the Aragon capital, and one of the most-visited destination in the region, the reason being because it lies on the main route between Madrid and Barcelona.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Aragon (5937 words)

	Martin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Peter IV of Aragon, on the grounds that females were excluded from succession to the Sicilian crown, claimed it for himself as the nearest male heir; and Mary underwent a series of abductions.
		Peter, however, in the face of objections from the papacy and the Angevins, in 1380 ceded his pretensions to his son, Martin, whose own son Martin was to marry Mary.
		Peter IV died in 1387, leaving Aragon to his elder son John I; the queen of Sicily was brought to Spain in 1388, and her marriage to the younger Martin took place in 1390.
	www.wga.hu /tours/spain/martin.html (294 words)

	Peter IV of Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peter IV of Aragon (September 1319 - 5 January 1387), king of Aragon (1336-1387), the Ceremonious or el del punyalet (the one of the little dagger).
		In 1356, he engaged with Peter I of Castile in what was called the "War of the Two Peters".
		Throughout his reign, Peter IV had frequent conflicts with the inquisitor general of Aragon, Nicolau Aymerich.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_IV_of_Aragon (320 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469) unified Christian Spain; in 1492, the last of al-Andalus was conquered and the Spanish conquest of the Americas began.
		His marriage to Petronila of Aragon implied the union of the County of Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon in a new state, this union later being confirmed in the 14th century by Peter IV of Aragon ("Peter the Ceremonious").
		Ramon Berenguer IV used "Aragon" as his primary title and name of his ruling house, which absorbed the House of Barcelona, abolished in 1150 for reasons of mutual convenience and by the will of the Count himself, as he relinquished his own lineage to benefit from a higher one.
	www.catalunyacafe.eu (5135 words)

	Sicily
		Peter of Aragon, who claimed the right, as heir of the House of Swabia, was summoned by the Sicilians, and defended the island against the Angevin fleet, in spite of the excommunication of Martin IV.
		In 1377 Frederick III was succeeded by his only daughter Maria, who married (1392) Martin, son of Martin of Momblanco, son of Peter IV of Aragon; in 1409 the kingdom passed by inheritance to the elder Martin, and thus the island was united to the Kingdom of Aragon and ruled by a viceroy.
		On his death, Sicily was given to John of Aragon, whose son Ferdinand (1479-1516) became King of Aragon and Castile (and of Naples, 1503).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/sicily.html (5306 words)

	Henry II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After taking part in several unsuccessful revolts against his half brother, Peter the Cruel, he secured the aid of Du Guesclin and Peter IV of Aragón and drove Peter from the throne in 1366.
		Peter allied himself with England and, with the help of Edward the Black Prince defeated Henry at Nájera (1367), but after Edward's departure, Henry defeated and killed Peter at Montiel (1369).
		John of Gaunt, son-in-law of Peter the Cruel, and Ferdinand I of Portugal unsuccessfully contested his title as king and the succession of his son, John I. Author not available, HENRY II.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-henry2sp.html (378 words)

	BATTLES OF CASTILE & LEON
		The new king of Aragon, Pedro I, defeats the king of Zaragoza, Al-Mustain, and conquers the city of Huesca.
		The king of Aragon, Alfonso I "the battler", and the count Enrique of Portugal, defeat the Castilian Queen Urraca (wife of Alfonso I).
		During the "War of the two Peters" (Peter I "the cruel" of Castile vs. Peter IV of Aragón) the Castilian fleet fails to disembark in Barcelone.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/battle.html (2806 words)

	The Ancient Kingdom of Majorca - Search and Go
		The Kingdom of Aragon was one of the small Christian states which arose in the Iberian peninsula following the gradual expulsion of the Moors, who had held sway in the area in the wake of their conquest of the old Visigothic realm of Spain in the eighth century.
		In 1344, James III was dispossessed of the kingdom by Peter IV of Aragon, his cousin and overlord, and was killed attempting to recover it in 1349, after which the title of King of Majorca became nominal.
		Peter first Baron of Ayerbe had a son Michael who in turn sired a boy, Giovanni the Elder born in 1347 and who in 1398 became Vicar General of the Kingdom of Sicily.
	www.searchandgo.com /articles/reference/kingdom-majorca.php (1371 words)

	Ferdinand I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		1416, Igualada, Catalonia), king of Aragon from 1412 to 1416, second son of John I of Castile and Eleanor, daughter of Peter IV of Aragon.
		In 1410 Ferdinand captured the Granadine fortress of Antequera, a feat that ensured his election to the throne of Aragon, vacant with the death of King Martin in 1412.
		On departing for Aragon he retained control of the Granadine frontier and of the positions held in Castile by his sons.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/ferdina1.html (253 words)

	Our Iberia
		In Aragon Peter IV instituted the practice of payments for the kings, noblemen, and even government civil servants travel and celebration expenses (Cenas y Camas) to be paid by the Jewish communities in addition to their head tax assessment.
		After long disputations in the town of Tortosa in Aragon between a group of Rabbis and the Church that claimed Judaism was no longer relevant because Jesus was the Messiah Jews awaited, the antipope declared Jews had lost their case and they had to convert to Christianity.
		In February 1443 Alphonso IV of Aragon mounted a military invasion on the kingdom of Naples, supposedly with the encouragement of Princess Juana II of Naples.
	www.sefarad.org /publication/lm/038/3.html (5353 words)

	Peter IV, king of Aragon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		(Peter the Ceremonious), 1319?–1387, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1336–87); son and successor of Alfonso IV.
		He supported Alfonso XI of Castile at the battle of Tarifa (1340), recovered (1343–44) the kingdom of Majorca, and engaged in an indecisive naval war with Genoa and Pisa over possession of Sardinia.
		Though forced to confirm the privileges granted to the nobles by Alfonso III, Peter later (1348) defeated the troops of the nobles and withdrew their charter.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pe/Peter4-Arag.html (141 words)

	Innocent VI - LoveToKnow 1911
		He renewed the ban against Peter the Cruel of Castile, and interfered in vain against Peter IV.
		He made peace between Venice and Genoa, and in 1360 arranged the treaty of Bretigny between France and England.
		In the last years of his pontificate he was busied with preparations for a crusade and for the reunion of Christendom, and sent to Constantinople the celebrated Carmelite monk, Peter Thomas, to negotiate with the claimants to the Greek throne.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Innocent_VI (503 words)

	AllRefer.com - Henry II, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After taking part in several unsuccessful revolts against his half brother, Peter the Cruel, he secured the aid of Du Guesclin and Peter IV of AragOn and drove Peter from the throne in 1366.
		Peter allied himself with England and, with the help of Edward the Black Prince defeated Henry at NAjera (1367), but after Edward's departure, Henry defeated and killed Peter at Montiel (1369).
		John of Gaunt, son-in-law of Peter the Cruel, and Ferdinand I of Portugal unsuccessfully contested his title as king and the succession of his son, John I. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Henry2Sp.html (260 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		Peter Damiani compared the study of the poets and philosophers to the spoiling of the Egyptians.
		Nicholas, Bernard’s secretary, described his little room as next to the infirmary and "filled with choice and divine books."1227 Peter of Celle, successor to John of Salisbury in the see of Chartres, spoke of his scriptoriolum as filled with books, where he could be free from the vanity and vexations of the world.
		The bull of Innocent IV., issued 1254, was the nearest approach to a papal charter and confirmed the university in its "immunities and ancient customs." In 1201 a chancellor is mentioned for the first time.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/5_ch11.htm (15817 words)

	Order of Mercy
		James II of Aragon, in a document dated August 1318, attests to the existence of this monastery as a work accomplished by the generosity of Wilfred.
		Raymond Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, is known in history by the surname of “the Holy” because of his love for justice, zeal for religion, obedience to the Church and his refined loyalty.
		At the age of twenty-four, the eleventh of August 1137, in Barbastro, he married Petronila of Aragon, daughter of Ramiro of Monaco and heir of the throne.
	www.orderofmercy.org /Habit.htm (1560 words)

	Pope Innocent VI
		Largely through the influence of Petrarch, whom he called to Avignon, he released Cola di Rienzo, who had been sent a prisoner in August 1352 from Prague to Avignon, and used the latter to assist Cardinal Albornoz, vicar-general of the States of the Church, in tranquillizing Italy and restoring the papal power at Rome.
		Innocent caused Charles IV to be crowned emperor at Rome in 1355, but protested against the famous "Golden Bull" of the following year, which prohibited papal interference in German royal elections.
		He renewed the ban against Peter the Cruel of Castile, and interfered in vain against Peter IV of Aragon.
	www.nndb.com /people/147/000094862 (439 words)

	Ordinations and Ceremonials of the Coronation of the Monarchs of Aragon Finn's Fine Books Facsimile Book Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ordinations and Ceremonials of the Coronation of the Monarchs of Aragon
		n 1344 Peter IV of Aragon, III of Barcelona, II of Valencia, I of Majorca, who was on the throne from 1338 to 1397, ordered the "Ordenaciones de su Casa y Corte" to be written, following the model of the "Palatine Laws" of James III of Majorca.
		Completed in Valencia, the manuscript, which covered the Ordinations and Ceremonials, more than satisfied the King´s aims and three copies of the document were made in the vernacular tongue to be sent to ZARAGOZA; BARCELONA and VALENCIA, affirming the role of the crown in the creation of a modern state.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~finns/aragon.htm (341 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - 14th Century AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Philip IV of France seizes the property of the Knights Templar.
		Louis IV of Bavaria and Frederick, Duke of Austria, rival claimants of the Empire.
		Peter IV of Aragon establishes power of his nobles after battle of Epila.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/92/50 (1939 words)

	[No title]
		The city was founded in the 8th century but came to prominence in the 10th century as a trading centre under the rule of the counts of Toulouse.
		It became a possession of the kings of Aragon by the marriage of Peter II of Aragon with Mary of Montpellier.
		James III of Majorca sold the city to the French king Philip VI to raise funds for his ongoing struggle with Peter IV of Aragon.
	www.lycos.com /info/montpellier.html (722 words)

	Peter IV, king of Aragón — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Peter IV Peter IV (Peter the Ceremonious), 1319?
		Pope Eugenius IV and Jewish money-lending in Florence: the case of Salomone di Bonaventura during the Chancellorship of Leonardo Bruni....
		The 'Opicius' poems (British Library, Cotton Vespasian B. iv) and the humanist anti-literature in early Tudor England.(Critical Essay)...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0838573.html (219 words)

	MOC - Genealogi
		On the extinction of the House of Urgel in 1433 and the House of Ribagorza in 1434 the line of the P of Cassano became Heads of the House of Aragon.
		Peter of Aragon = (1) Aldoncia de Cervera and (2) Philippa Accrociamuro of the C of Celano:
		There is a further gap between Nicolas Michael IV P of Cassano and Joseph the last male and ancestor through female lines of the House of Cassano della Murge.
	www.mocterranordica.org /genea.html (5218 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon, 1354 CE
		Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon, 1354 CE Medieval Jewish communitities were self-governing entities, generally allowed by secular rulers to govern themselves according to Jewish law, within certain limits which varied over time and between kingdoms.
		The Crown of Aragon was a group of associated realms, governed separately by the same ruler: Catalonia, and the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca.
		A commission would be appointed to wait on the King [Peter IV, 1336-87] in order to secure his assent to the formation of the union and the ordinance which were enacted by the council.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1354ordinance-aragon-jews.html (2329 words)

	romero_cp1
		Peter I had pursued a vigorous anti-aristocratic policy with the support of the groups that shared with him the same enemies.
		The community of interests of their feudal-bourgeois alliance had encouraged the aggressive moves of the Catalan bourgeoisie in the Mediterranean, which led to major territorial and mercantile enterprises: the conquest of the Balearic Islands between 1229 and 1235, the Conquest of Valencia in 1238, the occupation of Elche and Alicante in 1266.
		The union of Castile and Aragon, sealed by the marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand in 1469, promised to be the beginning of a new era.
	www.iacd.oas.org /interamer/Interamerhtml/Romerohtml/rom_cp1.htm (8742 words)

	PETER IV - Online Information article about PETER IV
		Henry of Trastamara succeeded, largely with Aragonese help, in making himself king of Castile in 1369.
		Portugal; and to Eleanor, daughter of Peter II.
		John I. of Castile, carried the crown of Aragon to the Castilian See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PETER_IV.html (511 words)

	Mallorca - Majorca on ForumForUs
		The Almoravides were replaced by the Almohad dynasty until 1229, and in the ensuring confusion and unrest, King James I of Aragon launched an invasion with 15,000 men and 1,500 horses, annexing the island to his Crown of Aragon after a 3 month campaign.
		In 1344, King Peter IV of Aragon invaded, and re-incorporated the island into the Crown.
		From 1479, the Crown of Aragon was in dynastic union with that of Castile.
	majorca.forumforus.com /Mallorca (877 words)

	Montpellier
		Montpellier became a possession of the kings of Aragon by the marriage of Peter II of Aragon with Mary of Montpellier[?].
		James III of Majorca[?] sold the city to the king of France in 1349 to raise funds against Peter IV of Aragon.
		Several housing projects have been designed by the Catalan architect Ricardo Bofill.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Montpellier.html (105 words)

	The Newberry Library: Smith Center Publications
		Majorca, the center of the Catalan school of cartography, is depicted in the gold and red colors of the house of Aragon.
		The European section of the Atlas, with its emphasis on accuracy and utilitarianism, suggests to the modern eye the revival of science that was to be central to Renaissance culture in the following century.
		King Peter of Aragon acquired manuscripts of Marco Polo's Il Milione, the specious Travels of Sire John Mandeville, as well as lesser known works for Cresques' use.
	www.newberry.org /smith/slidesets/ss25.html (5352 words)

	God is for Suckers! - Commentary, news, and rants on the evils and stupidity of belief in the big invisible daddy in ...
		In 1357, he became the head of the Aragon Inquisition, established back in 1232 by Pope Gregory IV and at that time the only Inquisition on Iberian soil.
		A year later he had become Chaplain to the Pope for his zeal in pursuing heretics and blasphemers, but he was also beginning to make powerful enemies (including King Peter IV of Aragon himself) as a result of that same zeal.
		Nicky’s enmity with Peter IV continued to increase with the former’s harassment of the followers of Ramon Llull, his continued although forbidden preaching in Barcelona, and his support of the diocese of Tarragona’s revolt against the King.
	gods4suckers.net /archives/2006/12/01 (1517 words)

	Eleanor of Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eleanor of Aragon (20 January 1358 – 13 August 1382) was a daughter of King Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Sicily.
		Her maternal grandfather was Peter II of Sicily.
		Their eldest son Enrique (1379–1406) became King Henry III of Castile and his twin brother Fernando (1380–1416) ultimately was elected to inherit Eleanor's native Aragon in 1412, becoming King Ferdinand I of Aragon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eleanor_of_Aragon (154 words)

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