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Topic: Peter IV of Portugal

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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Economic History of Portugal
		Serfdom was not exceptionally widespread in early Portugal – and tended to disappear from the thirteenth century onwards.
		Portugal was the pioneer of transoceanic navigation, discovering lands and sea routes formerly unknown to Europeans, and starting trades and commercial routes that linked Europe to other continents in a totally unprecedented fashion.
		Portugal kept most of its positions both in Africa and America, and this part of the world was to acquire extreme importance in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/amaral.portugal (9498 words)

	History Of Portugal
		His eldest son, Peter I of Brazil briefly became Peter IV of Portugal, but neither the Portuguese nor the Brazilians wanted a unified monarchy; consequently, Pedro abdicated the Portuguese crown in favor of his seven-year-old daughter, Maria da GlÃ³ria, on the condition that when of age she marry his brother, Miguel.
		---The Lusitanians inhabit central Portugal, the Calaicians or Gallaeci northern Portugal, the Celtici are in Alentejo and the Conii are in the Algarve.
		--- 1112 â“ Afonso Henriques inherits the County of Portugal, a fiefdom of the Kingdom of LeÃ³n.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/History_of_Portugal (7783 words)

	PETER, ""THE CRUEL"" - LoveToKnow Article on PETER, ""THE CRUEL"" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Peter none the less showed the greatest personal valour, and his body, recognizable by his lofty stature and personal beauty, was found on the field after the rout (Sept. 12, 1213).
		PETER III., king of Aragon (1236-1286), son of James the Conqueror, and his wife Yolande, daughter of Andrew II.
		Peter began to reign at the age of sixteen, and found himself subjected to the control of his mother and her favorites.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETER_THE_CRUEL_.htm (1216 words)

	History of Portugal at AllExperts
		Because Philip II of Spain was the son of a Portuguese princess, Spain invaded Portugal and the Spanish ruler became Philip I of Portugal in 1580; the Spanish and Portuguese Empires were under a single rule.
		The Lusitanians inhabit central Portugal, the Calaicians or Gallaeci northern Portugal**, the Celtici are in Alentejo and the Conii are in the Algarve.
		1112 â" Afonso Henriques inherits the County of Portugal**, a fiefdom of the Kingdom of LeÃ³n.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/hi/history_of_portugal.htm (7697 words)

	Portugal
		Succeeded by son Peter V. John I (of Portugal), in Portuguese, João I (1357-1433), king of Portugal (1385-1433), the illegitimate son of King Pedro I. In 1384, after cooperating in the national revolt against Spanish influence, John became regent.
		Son of Peter II and grandson of John IV; came to throne in midst of War of Spanish Succession (1701-14); involved as ally of England; by Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Portugal confirmed in possession of Amazon region.
		In 1826 Pedro I of Brazil succeeded to the throne of Portugal as Pedro IV.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/portugal.htm (7374 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Afonso IV of Portugal (February 8 1291 - May 28 1357), known as the Brave, was the seventh king of Portugal from 1325 until his death.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance.
		Enraged at the barbaric act, Peter put himself at the head of an army and devastated the country between the Douro and the Minho rivers before he was reconciled to his father in early 1357.
	pardus.info /index.php?title=Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (730 words)

	Peter I of Brazil - Gurupedia
		Peter I, Emperor of Brazil; Peter IV of Portugal
		Rio de Janeiro the de facto capital of the Portuguese Empire, and Brazil was elevated to the status of a kingdom co-equal with Portugal.
		In the early 1820s, with the return of King João VI to Portugal, most of the privileges that had been accorded to Brazil were rescinded, sparking the ire of local nationalists.
	www.gurupedia.com /p/pe/peter_i_of_brazil.htm (641 words)

	Peter I of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pedro I of Portugal, king of Portugal (in English, Peter I), also known as Pedro the Cruel, was born in April 8 1320 and died in January 18 1367.
		He was the son of Afonso IV of Portugal by his wife, princess Beatrice of Castile.
		Maria, princess of Portugal (1342-1367), married to Ferdinand, prince of Aragon
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/pe/peter_i_of_portugal.html (190 words)

	The Ultimate Portugal - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south.
		Because Philip II of Spain was the son of a Portuguese princess, the Spanish ruler became Philip I of Portugal in 1580.
		Portugal was recognized as a kingdom with its own king by Leon in 1143 and by the Pope in 1179.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Portugal (5574 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Afonso IV of Portugal, the Brave, seventh king of Portugal, was born in Lisbon in February 8, 1291 and died in the same city in May 28, 1357.
		Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one.
		Peter was openly in love with Ines, recognized all the children she bore, and, worst of all, favoured the Castilians that surrounded her.
	www.biographylibrary.com /biography/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal.html (704 words)

	Peter I of Brazil
		Peter I of Brazil, in Portuguese Dom Pedro I (October 12, 1798 - September 24, 1834), proclaimed Brazil independent from Portugal and became the country's first Emperor.
		Pedro I was born in the Queluz Palace, near Lisbon, as son of the future King John VI of Portugal (João VI) (at the time still a regent prince) and Carlota Joaquina, Princess of Spain, daughter of Charles IV of Spain.
		In the early 1820s, with the return of King João VI to Portugal, most of the privileges that had been accorded to Brazil were rescinded, sparking the ire of local nationalists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/peter_i_of_brazil (742 words)

	Pedro I of Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil; Pedro IV of Portugal
		His father was the regent prince at the time but would soon become King John VI of Portugal (João VI); his mother was Charlotte of Spain, daughter of Charles IV of Spain.
		In the aftermath of a political crisis that followed the dismissal of his ministers, Pedro abdicated his throne in Brazil in favor of his son Pedro II on April 7, 1831, who was only 5 at the time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_I_of_Brazil (1140 words)

	Encyclopedia: John IV of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By the unanimous voice of the people he was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was held to be the legitimate heir) during the revolution effected on December 1, 1640 against the Spanish king, Philip IV.
		Philip IV of Spain Philip IV (April 8, 1605 - September 17, 1665) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal until 1640.
		Portugal signed alliances with France (June 1, 1641) and Sweden (Aug 1641) but by necessity its only contribution in the Thirty Years' War were in the field against Spain and against Dutch encroachments on the Portuguese colonial empire.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-IV-of-Portugal (1188 words)

	History of Portugal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of Portugal is that of the rise of a nation to great world power, followed by a decline in fortune, then a resurgence.
		Portugal gained its first independence (as (Click link for more info and facts about Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal) Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal) in 1065 under the rule of Garcia.
		Portugal was worried about the maintenance of its independence and sought help to find a new king.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_portugal.htm (4255 words)

	RAUL N. LONGORIA'S GENEALOGY DATABASE
		Peter fled Castile, and Henry was crowned King Henry II at Burgos in 1366.
		Peter, however, enlisted the aid of England, with whom he had formed an alliance in 1362, With the aid of Edward the Black Prince, Peter invaded Castile and defeated Henry II and Du Guesclin's mercenaries in 1367 in a battle at Najera.
		Urraca of Castile (Countess of Castile) was born in 1081.
	www.raullongoria.net /Genealogy/FamilyTree/b5.html (1761 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal Biography
		Afonso IV of Portugal, the Brave, seventh king of Portugal, was born in Lisbon in February 8, 1291 and died in the same city in May 28, 1357.
		Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one.
		Peter was openly in love with Ines, recognized all the children she bore, and, worst of all, favoured the Castilians that surrounded her.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal.html (711 words)

	CSC,LLC. - Point of View - Portugal
		Portugal's population is hovering around 10 million, but in recent years, the country is one of the few in the world that has a negative population growth.
		However, John of Gaunt left his daughter in Portugal as a reward to Joao for his assistance and then, as these things will often happen, they got married and their progeny became known as the "marvelous generation", the princes who led Portugal into what was known as its golden age.
		Portugal having come close to dismemberment several years earlier indicated that they did not wish to take sides in the matter and would like to be friends with everyone.
	www.chapmanspira.com /pov/Portugal/portugal.htm (19296 words)

	PETER IV - Online Information article about PETER IV
		KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
		Henry of Trastamara succeeded, largely with Aragonese help, in making himself king of Castile in 1369.
		Portugal; and to Eleanor, daughter of Peter II.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PETER_IV.html (511 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		Maria, princess of Portugal (1313-1357), married to king Alfonso XI of Castile
		Leonor, princess of Portugal (1328-1348), married to king Peter IV of Aragon
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Afonso-IV-of-Portugal.htm (773 words)

	Pedro I of Brazil at AllExperts
		Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil; Pedro IV of Portugal
		His father was the regent prince at the time but would soon become King John VI of Portugal (JoÃ£o VI); his mother was Charlotte of Spain, daughter of Charles IV of Spain.
		Pedro's grandmother, the insane queen Maria I deceased in 1816, whereby Pedro became the heir to the both kingdoms (Portugal and Brazil) and received the titles Prince of Brazil and 18th Duke of Braganza.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pe/pedro_i_of_brazil.htm (1186 words)

	Pedro I of Brazil : Peter IV of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pedro I of Brazil : Peter IV of Portugal
		Pedro succeeded his father as King of Portugal on March 10, 1826, but abdicated in Portugal in favor of his daughter Maria II on May 28, having first promulgated the liberal constituion of Apr 26 and organised Maria's betrothal to his brother Dom Miguel.
		Pedro abdicated his throne in Brazil in favor of his son II of Brazil">Pedro II on April 7, 1831, returning to Portugal where in 1834 he overthrew his brother King Miguel (the War of the Two Brothers) and restored Maria II to her throne.
	www.termsdefined.net /pe/peter-iv-of-portugal.html (577 words)

	John VI, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He joined the coalition against revolutionary France, adopted a repressive policy in Portugal, and sought the alliance of England, thus bringing on the invasion of French and Spanish forces in 1801, which quickly defeated Portugal and forced on John the humiliating Treaty of Badajoz (1801).
		It was only after the overthrow of the regency in Portugal by revolution (1820) and the proclamation of a liberal constitution that John was persuaded by the British to return (1821) to Portugal.
		On his death John left the regency of Portugal to his daughter Isabel, who recognized Pedro as Peter IV of Portugal.
	www.bartleby.com /65/jo/John6Por.html (305 words)

	Pedro I - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Pedro I (Dom Pedro de Alcântara), 1798-1834, first emperor of Brazil (1822-31); son of John VI of Portugal.
		When John VI died in 1826, Dom Pedro was recognized as Peter IV of Portugal.
		In the Miguelist Wars, an English sea force fighting for Dom Pedro and Maria II defeated the Miguelist fleet, and Maria was restored to the throne.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Pedro1.html (373 words)

	Order of Christ
		The Orders of Christ, Aviz and St. James were awarded in the Kingdom of Brazil after the departure of King John VI to Lisbon in 1821, by Prince Peter under the authority and by delegation of his father at least, until the declaration of independence of Brazil, in 1822 [4].
		From this date until 1827, the Emperor Peter I of Brazil (18221831) conferred grades of the Orders of Christ, Aviz and St. James, although never invoking the quality of Grand Master, which he was not, but rather as Emperor of Brazil.
		Upon the death of King John VI of Portugal, D. Peter I of Brazil was recognized as his heir to the crown of Portugal by the liberal current.
	www.jvarnoso.com /orders/orderchrist.html (2298 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent IV
		When Celestine IV died after a short reign of sixteen days, the excommunicated emperor, Frederick II, was in possession of the jtates of the Church around Rome and attempted to intimidate the cardinals into electing a pope to his own liking.
		In Portugal, he appointed Alfonso III administrator of the kingdom, because the people were disgusted at the immorality and the tyranny of his father, Sancho III.
		The registers of Innocent IV were edited by Elie Berger in four volumes (Paris, 1881-98) and his letters, 762 in number, by Rodenberg in "Mon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08017a.htm (1353 words)

	Spanish Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Portugal, which began as a county of León, was the only kingdom to ultimately maintain its independence of the rest of Spain.
		Spain was sometimes styled an "empire," and Alfonso X of Castile was actually elected Holy Roman Emperor, but nothing much came of it all.
		Revolt of Portugal, 1640; Revolt of Catalonia, 1640-1659
	www.uncg.edu /rom/courses/klrauch/civ/kings.htm (473 words)

	History of Madeira & Portugal
		Portugal was obliged to surrender, and the ransom was almost all the conquests Afonso had made in Galicia in the previous years.
		Afonso IV's heir, Pedro, is promised to a Castilian princess, Constanza.
		King Manuel of Portugal, dreamed of uniting Portugal and Spain under his rule and successively married two daughters of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I. Under pressure from his Spanish relations, he followed their example by expelling Jews and Muslims from his domains in 1497, thus depriving Portugal of much of its middle class.
	www.latino1.freeserve.co.uk /History.htm (10606 words)

	AllRefer Encyclopedia - Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		• Ferdinand IV, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn
		• Henry IV, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn
		• Peter III, king of AragOn and king of Sicily
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/categories/sphistbio.html (507 words)

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