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Topic: Peter Tolstoi

	Alexius Petrovich - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Peter was a rare and unwelcome guest in his own family, and a son who loved his mother could have little affection for a father who had ever been that mother's worst persecutor.
		Yet Peter, not unnaturally, wished his heir to dedicate himself to the service of new Russia, and demanded from him unceasing labour in order to maintain the brand-new state at the high level of greatness to which it had been raised.
		On the day of the funeral Peter addressed to Alexius a stern letter of warning and remonstrance, urging him no longer to resemble the slothful servant in the parable, and threatening to cut him off, as though he were a gangrenous swelling, if he did not acquiesce in his father's plans.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alexius_Petrovich (1753 words)

	[No title]
		ALEXIUS PETROVICH (169o-1718), Russian tsarevich, the sole surviving son of Peter I. and Eudoxia Lopukhina, was born on the 19th of February 169o.
		We know nothing of the bride except that she was beautiful, modest and " brought up in the fear of the Lord." She would, doubtless, have made a model tsaritsa of the pre-Petrine period, but, unfortunately, she was no fit wife for such a vagabond of genius as Peter the Great.
		At the end of 1709 he went to Dresden for twelve months for finishing lessons in French and German, mathematics and fortification, and, his education completed, he was married, greatly against his will, to the princess Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, whose sister espoused, almost simultaneously, the heir to the Austrian throne, the archduke Charles.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=2054 (1773 words)

	TOLSTOI ON ART
		Tolstoi has read, or caused to be examined for his benefit, almost everything that ever has been written on the nature and aims of art; and, in a chapter where profound lack of sympathy is thinly disguised as intellectual impartiality, he has reviewed and dismissed every theory of art which differs from his own.
		The science of aesthectics, necessarily dependent as it is upon psychology, sociology, and anthropology, all as yet imperfect, is in a backward state; and an immense proportion of the "philosophy of art" is either pure metaphysics, scornful of concrete fact, or mere polemic founded on the practice of one school or period.
		Tolstoi, with his deficient historical sense, and his tendency to believe in an unvarying typical man (more or less represented by the Russian peasant of to-day), has not recognised the prevalence of this normal condition throughout the past, nor, of course, the reasons through which, as Mr.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/lee/tolstoionart.html (2735 words)

	Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peter's first serious outburst of indignation (March 1711) was due to the prince's looting in Poland.
		In the last year of Peter's reign fresh frauds and defalcations of Menshikov came to light, and he was obliged to appeal for protection to the empress Catherine.
		While his colleague Peter Tolstoi would have raised Elizabeth Petrovna to the throne, Menshikov set up the youthful Peter II, son of the tsarevich Alexius, with himself as dictator during the prince's minority.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Menshikov (872 words)

	Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsuin - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In May 17 23 he was implicated in the disgrace of the vicechancellor Shafirov and was deprived of all his offices and dignities, which he only recovered through the mediation of the empress Catherine I.
		After the death of Peter the Great, Golitsuin became the recognized head of the old Conservative party which had never forgiven Peter for putting away Eudoxia and marrying the plebeian Martha Skavronskaya.
		But the reformers, as represented by Alexander Menshikov and Peter Tolstoi, prevailed; and Golitsuin remained in the background till the fall of Menshikov, 1727.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Dmitry_Mikhailovich_Golitsuin (347 words)

	Leo Tolstoi
		Tolstoi once said, "The one thing that is necessary, in life as in art, is to tell the truth." Tolstoy's life is often seen to form two distinct parts: first comes the author of great novels, and later a prophet and moral reformer.
		Tolstoy's teachings influenced Gandhi in India, and the kibbutz movement in Palestine, and in Russia his moral authority rivalled that of the tsar.
		Tolstoy's form of Christianity was based on the Sermon on the Mount and crystallized in five leading ideas: human beings must suppress their anger, whether warranted or not; no sex outside marriage; no oaths of any sort; renunciation of all resistance to evil; love of enemies.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /ltolstoi.htm (2354 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - The Pupils Of Peter, 1725-1741
		Thus Tolstoi enjoyed her full confidence likewise ; and the management of foreign affairs was confided, almost entirely, to Andrei Osterman, a Westphalian, who had entered Peter's service in 1717, succeeded Shafirov as Vice-Chancellor, and was ennobled for his brilliant diplomatic services at the Congress of Nystad.
		Peter, moreover, had a still more intimate and affectionate mentor in his sister Natalia, who, although only twelve months older than her brother, might well have been twelve years his senior as regards wisdom and prudence.
		Two Germans, both of them the pupils of Peter the Great, lent particular lustre to her reign— Osterman, already Vice-Chancellor, and Burkhardt Christoph Munnich, who had settled in Russia, since 1719, by the invitation of Peter the Great, and in 1732 was made a field-marshal and commander-in-chief by Peter's niece.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-16.shtml (7094 words)

	Galitzine information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		He was the young tsar Peter's chief supporter when, in 1689, Peter resisted the usurpations of his elder sister Sophia, and the head of the loyal council which assembled at the Trinity monastery during the crisis of the struggle.
		He was sent by Peter the Great in 1697 to Italy to learn military affairs; in 1704 he was appointed to the command of an auxiliary corps in Poland against Charles XII; from 1711 to 1718 he was governor of Belgorod.
		On the death of Peter II he conceived the idea of limiting the autocracy by subordinating it to the authority of the Supreme privy council, of which he was president.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Galitzine?redir=1 (1600 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - Peter The Great, 1689-1725
		Peter's sole surviving son, Alexis, born on February 19,1690, was ignored by his father till he was nine years old, when his education was confided to learned foreigners who taught him French, history, geography, and mathematics.
		Peter himself wrote to Alexis in much the same strain, reproaching him bitterly for thus exposing his father to shame, but, swearing solemnly "before God and His judgment seat," that if he came back he should not be punished in the least, but treasured as a son.
		The whole system of Peter was deliberately directed against the chief evils from which old Moscovy had always suffered, such as, dissipation of energy, dislike of co-operation, repudiation of responsibility, lack of initiative, the tyranny of the family, the insignificance of the individual.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-15.shtml (5269 words)

	Aleksei Tolstoi - Alexei Tolstoy
		As a writer Tolstoi made his breakthrough with a series of novels exploring the historical process of the impoverishment of the nobility's country estates and the spiritual decline of their owners.
		Tolstoi's major works include Nikita's Childhood (1922), a lyrical story with autobiographical elements of a childhood in a Russian village, and Road to Calvary, about the life of four people, sisters Dasha and Katia, and Telgin and Roshchin, from the eve of World War I to end of the Russian Civil War.
		Among Tolstoi's political novels were Chornoe zoloto (1932), which painted uncharitable caricatures of Russian émigrés, and Khleb (1937), in which history was shamelessly falsified to laud Stalin and denigrate Trotsky.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /atolstoi.htm (1382 words)

	CMH5
		Peter was about to go on to Venice to persuade the Seigniory to cleave firmly to the fast dissolving Holy League, when he was suddenly recalled to Russia by tidings of the revolt of the Strieltzy.
		Peter was not the man to leave the improvement of public morals to the gradual operation of time ; and, as he always adopted the most energetic measures by preference, he was speedily committed to a struggle with the robbers of the Treasury, almost as bloody as his struggle with the rebellious Strteltssy.
		Peter himself was anxious to come to terms with England ; but, on the other hand, he did not want to quarrel with the Tories; indeed, the extreme Tories, or Jacobites, now hailed him as their prospective deliverer, and expected more from him than from any other European potentate.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh517.html (17222 words)

	1718 \| Political Events: The People's Chronology
		Russia's Peter the Great has his emissary Count Peter Tolstoi bring back the czarevich Alexius Petrovich, forces him to sign a "confession" February 18 implicating his friends, and has them impaled, broken on the wheel or otherwise dispatched (see 1716).
		Alexius is given 25 lashes with the knout June 19 (nobody has ever survived 30), given 15 more June 24, and dies in the guardhouse of the citadel at St. Petersburg June 26 at age 28, 2 days after being condemned by the senate for "imagining" rebellion against his father.
		His death increases the power of Peter's wife, the empress Catherine (Marta Ekaterina), who gives birth to another daughter, Natalia, and will spend the next 7 years trying to keep the czar away from vodka and from other women.
	history.enotes.com /peoples-chronology/year-1718 (480 words)

	Galitzine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peter I permitted the Galitzines to incorporate the emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into their coat of arms.
		He was the young tsar Peter's chief supporter when, in 1689, Peter resisted the usurpations of his elder sister Sophia, and the head of the loyal council which assembled at the Trinity monastery during the crisis of the struggle.
		On the death of Peter II he conceived the idea of limiting the autocracy by subordinating it to the authority of the Supreme privy council, of which he was president.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galitzine (1604 words)

	CMH5
		Peter's despondency is clearly reflected in the letter which he addressed to the newly instituted Senate, while the negotiations with the Porte were still proceeding.
		Peter was naturally cautious ; and his caution had been intensified by the terrible punishment with which his one act of temerity had so severely been visited, five years before, on the banks of the Pruth.
		Peter's resolution was duly communicated to the Danish and Hanoverian Governments, and produced a storm of indignation which nearly blew the league of spoliation to pieces.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh519.html (13926 words)

	Out of Print and Unusual Books
		Peter II, (1923-1970) served under the regency of his cousin, Prince Paul, when his father, King Alexander, was assassinated in Marseilles.
		Peter protested the action and remained in exile.
		Peter Carl Faberge: Goldsmith and Jeweller to the Russian Imperial Court.
	www.therussianshop.com /russhop/imperial/specialbooks.htm (3990 words)

	Tolstoy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tolstoy, or Tolstoi (Russian: Толсто́й) is a prominent family of Russian nobility, descending from one Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy (i.e., "the Fat") who served under Vasily II of Moscow.
		Indris allegedly came from the Holy Roman Empire to Chernigov, accompanied by his sons Litvinos and Zimonten and a force of 3000 men (a derivative of the similar fable utilised by Lithuanian nobles from the 16th century, giving homage to the Tolstoys' Lithuanian ancestry).
		Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy (1770–1857), stemming from a collateral branch of the family, inherited the comital title and estates of his childless uncle, the last of the Ostermanns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tolstoi (1443 words)

	Peter the Great: Man and Myth (History 19n)
		Peter and the musketeers in 1698 - Oliva pp 90-93, 23-25, and Dmytryshyn, pp.
		The paper should examine an aspect of the "myth" of Peter the Great, either as it was worked out in his time, or by subsequent generations of historians.
		The poem, "Bronze Horseman," puts Peter at the center of a tale of love and hate in St. Petersburg and is a major contribution to the "myth" of Peter.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history19n (2052 words)

	David Brandenberger [ER Abstract] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In her contribution, Stephanie Sandler examines the traumatic "subconscious" of Soviet public discourse surrounding what was perhaps the most prominent celebration of the 1930s, the Pushkin Commemoration of 1937.
		In a separate contribution, Platt investigates the political and textual strategies employed by Aleksei Tolstoy, a key agent in the rehabilitation of Peter I. Brandenberger offers insight into the popular reception of Soviet historical propaganda by means of a survey of public and private reactions to S. Eisenstein's epic 1938 film Aleksandr Nevskii.
		Tolstoi in 1928: In the Mirror of the Revolution (William Nickell)
	oncampus.richmond.edu /~dbranden/ER.html (1344 words)

	ALEXIUS PETROVICH (169... - Online Information article about ALEXIUS PETROVICH (169...
		Peter I. and Eudoxia Lopukhina, was See also:
		Count Peter Tolstoi, the most subtle and unscrupulous of Peter's servants; but terrorized though he was, Alexius would only consent to return on his father solemnly See also:
		From Peter's point of view the question was, did the enormity of the tsarevich's See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /AJA_ALL/ALEXIUS_PETROVICH_169o_1718_.html (2335 words)

	Leo Tolstoi
		Niissä on vaikutteita eri maiden kansansaduista, antiikin kertomuksista ja Aisopoksen saduista; Tolstoi siirsi tapahtumat venäläiseen miljööseen.
		Tolstoy's other masterpiece, Anna Karenina (1873-77), told a tragic story of a married woman, who follows her lover, but finally at a station throws herself in front of an incoming train.
		Tolstoy sees that everywhere the family life of the landed gentry is breaking up, but he did not accept nihilist theories about marriage.
	koti.mbnet.fi /rudanko/tolstoi.htm (2449 words)

	Solovetsk islands
		There is a memorial of the presence of Peter I on the Solovetsk Islands - a small wooden Andrew Pervozvannyi Church, which was erected on the Zayatskii Island by the soldiers under the guidance of his charterer Stephanov, while the ships in the Phillipian Bay waited for the foul weather to be over.
		After the secularization of the monastery lands held by Catherine II (1764), the Solovetskii Monastery gradually loses it's significance as a fortress, and in 1814 it lost this status forever.
		A lot of famous people were exiled to Solovki: Avraamii Palitsin (secular name is Averkii), an outstanding publicist and politician, "the nestlings of Peter's nest" Peter Tolstoi and Vasilii Dolgorukov, the last commander of Zaporozhskaya Sech Peter Kalnishevsky, the uncle of A.S. Pushkin Pavel Gannibal, a Decembrist Alexandr Gorozhansky and many others.
	www.belomorsk.ru /eng/solovki/solovki.htm (2207 words)

	Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsuin - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In May 17 23 he was implicated in the disgrace of the vicechancellor Shafirov and was deprived of all his offices and dignities, which he only recovered through the mediation of the empress Catherine I.
		After the death of Peter the Great, Golitsuin became the recognized head of the old Conservative party which had never forgiven Peter for putting away Eudoxia and marrying the plebeian Martha Skavronskaya.
		But the reformers, as represented by Alexander Menshikov and Peter Tolstoi, prevailed; and Golitsuin remained in the background till the fall of Menshikov, 1727.
	www.1911ency.org /G/GO/GOLITSUIN_DMITRY_MIKHAILOVICH.htm (373 words)

	Peter Tchaikovsky Alarm and the Leo Tolstoi Chronograph by Alexander Shorokhoff
		Peter Tchaikovsky Alarm and the Leo Tolstoi Chronograph by Alexander Shorokhoff
		“The works of Tolstoi and Tchaikovsky are filled with profound contents, they are rich in generosity and the charm of the Russian soul, they captivate by their creative beauty and singularity …” explains Alexander Shorokhov.
		Shorokhoff presents two watches: the Tchaikovsky alarm with its unusual double case and its removable inner part that allows a glance at the movement without removing the watch from the wrist; and the Tolstoi Chronograph with its moon phase and date functions.
	www.europastar.com /europastar/magazine/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000856755 (280 words)

	Belomorsk.Karelia.Ru/Eng/ - Solovetsk islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		There is a memorial of the presence of Peter I on the Solovetsk Islands - a small wooden Andrew Pervozvannyi Church, which was erected on the Zayatskii Island by the soldiers under the guidance of his charterer Stephanov, while the ships in the Phillipian Bay waited for the foul weather to be over.
		After the secularization of the monastery lands held by Catherine II (1764), the Solovetskii Monastery gradually loses it's significance as a fortress, and in 1814 it lost this status forever.
		A lot of famous people were exiled to Solovki: Avraamii Palitsin (secular name is Averkii), an outstanding publicist and politician, "the nestlings of Peter's nest" Peter Tolstoi and Vasilii Dolgorukov, the last commander of Zaporozhskaya Sech Peter Kalnishevsky, the uncle of A.S. Pushkin Pavel Gannibal, a Decembrist Alexandr Gorozhansky and many others.
	belomorsk.karelia.ru /eng/solovki (2207 words)

	Table of contents for Epic revisionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Tolstoi in 1928: In the Mirror of the Revolution 000 William Nickell 2.
		Aleksei Tolstoi's Remarks on the Film Peter I 000 A. Danat, from Skorokhodovskii rabochii, 15 September 1937 The Epic Heroes 5.
		Memorandum to Stalin concerning A. Tolstoi's play "Ivan the Terrible" 000 A. Shcherbakov, 1941-1943 Aleksandr Pushkin 12.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0511/2005011172.html (452 words)

	BRILL
		All those interested in intellectual history, early modern Russia, Ukraine, or Eastern Europe, the reforms of Peter the Great, the Russian “Enlightenment,” or education in Russian history.
		An examination of the printing industry, Latin teaching, and private libraries in Russia, and excursions into the thought of Russia's “enlighteners” demonstrate that Latin authors had little impact on Russia, especially the nobility, traditionally regarded as the advocate of Western educational and cultural values.
		The book contributes to our understanding of the reforms of Peter the Great, of Catherine's “enlightened” reputation, of the origins of the intelligentsia, and of the cultural ties between Russians and the peoples they annexed in early modern times.
	www.brill.nl /print.aspx?partid=75&pid=2919 (280 words)

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