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Topic: Peter and Rosemary Grant

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	Evolution: Library: Finch Beak Data Sheet
		Peter and Rosemary Grant spent years observing, tagging, and measuring Galapagos finches and their environment.
		For the finches, body size and the size and shape of their beaks are traits that vary in adapting to environmental niches or changes in those niches.
		The Grants found that the offspring of the birds that survived the 1977 drought tended to be larger, with bigger beaks.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_01.html (488 words)

	Peter & Rosemary Grant
		The Grants caught and banded thousands of finches and traced their elaborate lineage, enabling them to document the changes that individual species make, primarily to their beaks, in reaction to the environment.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant began their investigation of evolutionary change among Darwin's Finches in 1973.
		Peter Grant writes, "I seek an understanding of the origin of new species, their ecological interactions, their persistence in different communities and their ultimate extinction." He is currently investigating the causes, frequency and consequences of hybridization and inbreeding.
	www.uctv.ucsb.edu /more/voices/m3400Cgrant.html (298 words)

	Evolution Faster Than We Thought
		Rosemary and Peter are both biologists and professors at Princeton University in the United States, author of several books, and the subject of another, "The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Times", written by Jonathan Weiner, winner of the 1994 Pulitzer Prize.
		The investigations of the Grants, who are also founders of the Charles Darwin Research Station in the Galapagos, demonstrated that the rapid mutations in the sizes of the body and the beak of the finches in response to availability of food are guided by natural selection.
		The Grants observed, for example, that in years of drought, like 1977, when there were reduced supplies of seeds for the finches to feed on, natural selection favored those with larger and deeper beaks.
	www.tierramerica.net /english/2005/1119/iarticulo.shtml (841 words)

	[No title]
		Peter Bogdanovich's homage to screwball comedies of the 1930s is a hit-or-miss affair, but it generally maintains an air of merriment.
		The reason for the granting of city status was the rising tempo of fear among the citizens.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant, in their recent studies on the Galapagos finches, are widely credited with having documented evolution at work.
	www.lycos.com /info/peter-grant.html (421 words)

	“Evolution” of Finch Beaks—Again - Answers in Genesis
		Peter and Rosemary Grant, who have done extensive research on the birds for many years, have found that the medium ground finch now has a smaller beak.
		Although we don’t endorse using the phrases macro/microevolution, we would agree that this is a small-scale change allowing an organism to adapt to its environment (which is what is meant by the author’s use of microevolution).
		Peter Grant and Rosemary Grant, Evolution of Character Displacement in Darwins’ Finches, Science 313:224–226.
	www.answersingenesis.org /articles/am/v1/n1/evolution-finch-beaks-again (656 words)

	Current Lecturer Information - The Jackson Laboratory
		Rosemary Grant and Peter R. Grant are members of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University, New Jersey.
		To quote the Prize committee: "Peter and Rosemary Grant are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galapagos finches.
		Rosemary received her BSc from Edinburgh University, Scotland, she became a Research Associate at the University of British Columbia, Canada (1960-1964), at YaleUniversity (1964-1965), at McGill University (1973-1977) and at the University of Michigan (1977-1985).
	www.jax.org /courses/birk/current.html (283 words)

	Evolution: Evolution: Natural Selection in Real Time
		Peter and Rosemary Grant have seen evolution happen over the course of just two years.
		The Grants study the evolution of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands.
		In 1978 the Grants returned to Daphne Major to document the effect of the drought on the next generation of medium ground finches.
	www.reptiland.com /onlinecourse/session4/elaborate_b_pop1.html (473 words)

	Jonathan Wells and Darwin's Finches
		Peter Grant writes in Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches, "Thus ecological forces were of primary importance in effecting the split, with reproductive factors such as propensity to interbreed and the fertility of the offspring being secondary" (p.
		Wells does not dwell on the Grants' argument concerning the factors which contribute to the origin and reinforcement of these prezygotic mechanisms, but this argument is the crux of their work.
		He then says, "Peter Grant acknowledged that if species were strictly defined by inability to interbreed then 'we would recognize only two species of Darwin's finch on Daphne', instead of the usual four" (p.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/wells/finches.html (2241 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Beak of the Finch: a Story of Evolution in Our Time: Books: Jonathan Weiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Weiner follows scientists Peter and Rosemary Grant who, for the past 20 years, have studied the continuing evolution of the beaks of finches in the Galapagos Islands.
		Through their research since 1973, evolutionary scientists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, have discovered that Darwin's finches are even more interesting than Darwin ever dreamed, and reveal that Darwin may not have known the strengths of his own theory.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant, along with many other respected scientists, keep watch on the island of Daphne Major and keep close tabs on the finch population living there.
	www.amazon.ca /Beak-Finch-Story-Evolution-Time/dp/067973337X (1443 words)

	Peter and Rosemary Grant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rosemary Grant are both evolutionary biologists at Princeton University.
		The Grants spent six months of the year each year since 1973 capturing, tagging, taking blood samples, and releasing finches from the islands.
		"Peter and Rosemary Grant are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galápagos finches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_and_Rosemary_Grant (290 words)

	Smoky Mountain News \| Outdoors
		But recently, Princeton researchers Peter and Rosemary Grant reported in the journal Science that one of Darwin’s Galapagos finches, Geospiza fortis, the medium ground finch, has experienced character displacement in just a couple of decades.
		According to the Grants’ research, the large ground finch, Geospiza magnirostris arrived on the Galapagos island of Daphne Major in 1982.
		Peter Grant described the scenario for the July 14 National Geographic News: “With the near removal of the supply of large seeds, the large-beaked birds [among] the medium ground finches did not have enough food to survive,” Peter Grant said.
	www.smokymountainnews.com /issues/08_06/08_09_06/out_naturalist.html (510 words)

	Salamander Candy: Peter and Rosemary Grant are my new best friends
		The book, awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1995, is about the research of Peter and Rosemary Grant, biologists who have been studying the evolution of Darwin’s finches in the Galápagos Islands for 30 years.
		The Grants and their students have gathered this data by spending thousands of hard days in the field.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant are considered by many to be among the most distinguished evolutionary biologists alive today.
	www.salamander-candy.com /2006/04/peter_and_rosemary_grant_are_m.htm (647 words)

	Apologetics Press - Finch Study—More Fodder for Textbook Hoaxes
		Peter and Rosemary Grant have studied Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands since 1973.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant contend: “Competitor species can have evolutionary effects on each other that result in ecological character displacement; that is, divergence in resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks” (2006, 313:224).
		Grant, Peter R., B. Rosemary Grant, Lukas F. Keller, et al., (2003), “Inbreeding and Interbreeding in Darwin’s Finches,” Evolution, 57[12]:2911-2916.
	www.apologeticspress.org /articles/3017 (1797 words)

	Grand Prairie Friends
		Peter and Rosemary Grant's study of the Darwin finches is not the first experimental study of evolution, but it is among the longest running and most thorough, and is, according to Weiner, canonical in its field.
		The Grants have studied Darwin's finches now for 20 years or more, since 1973, in the ideal natural laboratory of a Galapagos island.
		The Grants are demonstrating what Darwin thought was too slow and gradual to be demonstrated: evolution in action.
	www.prairienet.org /gpf/bookreviews/beakofthefinch.html (611 words)

	beak_of_the_finch
		The story of Charles Darwin and contemporary biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant on Daphne Major asks fundamental questions about the methods of science as a tool for shaping human belief and storytelling.
		Peter Grant initiates a study of the seeds that finches eat.
		Grants notice that the misfits are no longer dying out; in fact they seem to be thriving.
	www.wsu.edu /~hughesc/beak_of_the_finch.htm (4906 words)

	Biology News: Evolution caught in the act
		In a paper appearing in this week's issue of Science, Peter and Rosemary Grant, both biologists at Princeton University, New Jersey, describe the struggle between the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) and the large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris).
		In 2004 and 2005, the Grants observed a strong shift towards smaller beak size among the medium ground finch.
		The small size of the island, and relative lack of diversity in animal and plant life made it possible for the Grants to monitor the population size and feeding habits of finches in intimate detail.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news.cfm?art=2655 (720 words)

	Amazon.fr : The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time: Livres en anglais: Jonathan Weiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant have documented the evolution of Darwin's Galapagos finches, demonstrating that it is neither rare nor slow, but can be watched by the hour.
		The Grants documented two dramatic changes in the finches: after a drought in 1977 reduced their numbers by 85%, the surviving birds became larger, in weight, wingspan and beak; after El Nino's floods in 1983, the trend was reversed.
		The Grants found that during food shortages the difference of one millimeter in the size of a finch's beak could determine its life or death.
	www.amazon.fr /Beak-Finch-Story-Evolution-Time/dp/0679400036 (442 words)

	CarlZimmer.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In 1973, Peter and Rosemary Grant, a husband-and-wife team of Princeton University biologists, returned to the Gal.pagos to observe the evolution of Darwin's finches up close.
		Interbreeding may be one of the secrets to the fast evolution of Darwin's finches, the Grants suggest, adding that hybrids may be an unrecognized factor in the evolution of many other animals.
		The reason, the Grants found, is that cactus finches have been fraternizing with ground finches--and the latter's genes are shaping the former's beaks.
	www.carlzimmer.com /articles/2002/articles_2002_Finch.html (852 words)

	Balzan Foundation - Peter R. Grant and Rosemary Grant, UK/USA: a portrait (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Peter R. Grant and Rosemary Grant, UK/USA: a portrait
		The various species of finch that populate the Galapagos Islands and already influenced Charles Darwin when formulating his theory of evolution are also the focus of more than 30 years of scientific work by Peter R. and Rosemary Grant.
		The Grant's current interest is hybrids – their causes, frequency and consequences for survival.
	www.balzan.com /en/preistraeger/grant.cfm (281 words)

	Unit 4: Mechanisms of Evolution: Peter and Rosemary Grant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Then came the classic research of Peter and Rosemary Grant, who have been measuring ongoing beak evolution during their 30-year study of the Galápagos finches.
		Peter went first in March 1973 with the Abbots and banded about 60 or 70 medium ground finches on Daphne.
		And by measuring the beaks of parents and their offspring, Peter Boag showed that the variation in beak size was heritable.
	www.fhs.fuhsd.org /classes/science/campbell/bc_campbell_biology_7/0,7052,4168827-,00.html (1833 words)

	immediacy: The Beak of the FinchA Story of Evolution in Our Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The first third of this book, describing the research of Peter and Rosemary Grant on the "Darwin's Finches" on the island of Daphne Major, is well worthy of the Pulizer Prize that this book earned.
		The Grants, by cataloguing every finch (including beak measurements in three dimensions, as well as wing-span and weight) on the small island, were able to show the world that natural selection can indeed by seen in our lifetimes and proven scientifically through hypotheses and validation.
		In the end, Weiner pulls his theme together, and brings back how the Grants, their research assistants and many associates continue to build upon their earlier work with new techniques, and what they may be able to tell the world next.
	www.engel-cox.org /text/the_beak_of_the_fincha_story_o.html (407 words)

	Stephen Caesar's Articles
		In the 1970’s, evolutionary biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant went to the Galapagos Islands to observe the evolution and speciation of Darwin’s finches in the wild — one of the central pillars of Darwin’s theory.
		The survivors reproduced, and the Grants found that their offspring had larger beaks (Grant and Grant 2002: 136).
		The Grants have no ability, in their own words, to witness what changes might occur to these finches over “decades, centuries or even millennia,” thus demonstrating that belief in macroevolution rests on assumption, not hard data.
	www.creationism.org /caesar/darwinsfinches.htm (631 words)

	Amazon online buy - The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		On a desert island in the heart of the Galapagos archipelago, where Darwin received his first inklings of the theory of evolution, two scientists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, have spent twenty years proving that Darwin did not know the strength of his own theory.
		The Beak of the Finch is an elegantly written and compelling masterpiece of theory and explication in the tradition of Stephen Jay Gould.
		This is an account of Peter and Rosemary Grant's research on the microevolutionary modifications that occur in finch beaks as they adapt to environmental changes.
	astore.amazon.com /chuvashiaportal/detail/067973337X (438 words)

	Successful Inauguration of the World Summit on Evolution 2005
		Several special distinctions were given out to Charles Darwin, Peter and Rosemary Grant and Universidad San Francisco de Quito.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant declared Guests of Honor of San Cristóbal Island.
		Peter and Rosemary Grant, who have researched on the Galapagos for more than 30 years, were named Distinguished Guests of San Cristóbal.
	www.usfq.edu.ec /evo/art1.htm (1669 words)

	International Balzan Prize Foundation - CIRS
		Motivation of the Prize Committee: "For his unique contribution to the history of ideas about urban planning, his acute analysis of the physical, social and economic problems of modern cities and his powerful historical investigations into the cultural creativity of city life."
		Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rosemary Grant
		Motivation of the Prize Committee: "Peter and Rosemary Grant are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galapagos finches.
	www.cirs-tm.org /prix/prix.php?id=661 (393 words)

	UAF Newsroom: Evolution in the flesh: Stories from the Galapagos Archipelago
		Witnesses to this evolution in real time are Peter and Rosemary Grant, eminent evolutionary biologists from Princeton University, who have spent part of each of the last 32 years catching, weighing, measuring, and identifying hundreds of birds and their diets of seeds on a tiny, barren island in the GalÃ¡pagos archipelago.
		The GalÃ¡pagos Islands are an ideal laboratory in which to study the origin of species because the islands contain certain groups of organisms which have diversified into new species relatively rapidly and recently and continue to occupy the environment in which they evolved.
		In this lecture, Peter said, âWe will discuss the findings from long-term research into the biology of populations of Darwinâs finches on the GalÃ¡pagos islands.
	www.uaf.edu /news/a_news/20050830110922.html (385 words)

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