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	PETER DES ROCHES - LoveToKnow Article on PETER DES ROCHES
		None the less, the new bishop stood by his royal patron during the whole period of the interdict.
		This promotion was justified by the fidelity with which Peter supported the king through the barons' war.
		At the battle of Lincoln (1217) Peter led a division of the royal army and earned some distinction by his valour; but he played a secondary part in the government so long as William Marshal held the regency.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETER_DES_ROCHES.htm (236 words)

	PETER (PEDRO) (SPANISH KINGS) - LoveToKnow Article on PETER (PEDRO) (SPANISH KINGS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the reign of Catherine I. Peter was quite ignored; but just before her death it became clear to those in power that the grandson of Peter the Great could not be kept out of his inheritance much longer.
		Peter none the less showed the greatest personal valour, and his body, recognizable by his lofty stature and personal beauty, was found on the field after the rout (Sept. 12, 1213).
		Peter began to reign at the age of sixteen, and found himself subjected to the control of his mother and her favorites.
	19.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETER_PEDRO_SPANISH_KINGS_.htm (2746 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines
		Des Roches had supported John through the years of Interdict and was repaid for his loyalty, but he was not popular with the other Barons.
		Peter des Rievaulx, the nephew of the Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester
		With the introduction of Peter de Roches as justiciar and the removal of Hubert de Burgh, the control of the Exchequer was under Poitevin control and possibly reversed the gains created by John's Charter in 1215.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/expt1222.htm (172 words)

	Peter des Roches - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peter des Roches (died 1238) was bishop of Winchester in the reigns of John of England and his son Henry III.
		Roches was not an Englishman, but a Poitevin.
		None the less, the new bishop stood by John's side during the whole period of the papal interdict set upon him due to the death of his nephew Arthur I, Duke of Brittany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_des_Roches (243 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		The most important was Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, an old government hack who had been a trusted counselor of both Richard Lionheart and John.
		Peter des Rivaux was put in charge of both the Exchequer, the Chamber (the king's record office) and made sheriff in twenty-one counties simultaneously.
		Simon de Montfort was the son of another famous Simon de Montfort who had been the military leader of the Albigensian Crusade, the papacy's campaign against heresy in the South of France.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/13cwars.html (3032 words)

	Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck
		Peter de Vinea was put in charge of the chancery and composed a new code of laws to replace customary and feudal laws such as ordeals and rights of wreck.
		Peter des Rivaux was blamed for his "blood-stained letter" that declared Richard Marshal a traitor and led to his murder in Kildare when he demanded his lands be restored.
		Peter des Roches was serving the Pope in Italy, and Henry wrote to the Emperor that he had been led astray by Bishop Peter.
	www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html (23862 words)

	Britannia Biographies: Peter Des Roches, Bishop of Winchester
		Peter Des Roches was born of a knightly family in Poitou, of which province he became archdeacon and treasurer.
		The exercise of the royal authority, however, was in the hands of the famous Justiciary, Hubert de Burgh, with whom the Bishop of Winchester was involved in a perpetual feud.
		Peter Des Roches died at his castle of Farnham in June 1238 and was interred in his own cathedral, though in what part is not certainly known.
	www.britannia.com /bios/proches.html (574 words)

	Roches, Peter des. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was made justiciar in 1214, but unpopular with the barons, Peter was replaced in 1215 by Hubert de Burgh.
		On the accession (1216) of Henry III, Peter became the young king’s guardian, and after the death (1219) of the regent, William Marshall, 1st earl of Pembroke, he struggled for power with Hubert de Burgh.
		The rule of the two Peters soon provoked a baronial revolt (1233–34), and Henry was forced to dismiss them.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/Roches-P.html (249 words)

	thePeerage.com - Exhibit
		At home there was a division in the council; Hubert de Burgh endeavoured to put the executive, and especially the custody of castles, in the hands of Englishmen, and was supported by Archbishop Langton, while Peter des Roches and the Poitevins were determined to place all offices in the hands of foreigners.
		With the Duke of Brittany, Peter of Dreux, he was already in alliance, and in December he satisfied the demands of the Count de la Marche, and made a treaty with the viscount of Thouars (Federa, i.
		Although Simon de Montfort was doing great things for him in Gascony, Henry readily listened to complaints against him from the disaffected party there, and in May 1252 held a kind of trial, in which he confronted the earl and his accusers.
	www.thepeerage.com /e31.htm (14456 words)

	Outline Argentein family history: 11th to 13th centuries
		In December 1232, Peter des Rivaux, the bishop's nephew, was ordered to hand over the Hertfordshire manors of Lilley and Willian to Pain de Chaworth - the king had previously given these manors, near Great Wymondley, to Richard de Argentein after they had been forfeited by Pain (Close Roll).
		Giles de Argentein, Richard's son and successor, is first mentioned in September 1230, as being overseas on the king's service, presumably in France, where Henry had launched a military expedition to regain Normandy (Close Roll).
		Giles de Argentein was among those to whom Henry III on 11 May addressed a final appeal to return to fealty (Close Roll).
	www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk /families/arg/argoutl1.shtml (5823 words)

	Henry III, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Henry became king under a regency; William Marshal, 1st earl of Pembroke, and later Pandulf acted as chief of government, while Peter des Roches was the king’s guardian.
		In 1232 the king dismissed Hubert de Burgh, and for the next two years the government was controlled by Peter des Roches and his nephew (or son), Peter des Rivaux.
		However, the heir to the throne, Prince Edward (later Edward I), led the royal troops to decisive victory at Evesham (1265), where Simon de Montfort was killed, and by 1267 the barons had capitulated.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry3Eng.html (694 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With R
		King John's eldest son Henry was crowned King Henry III at the abbey church of Gloucester by Peter des Roches the Bishop of Winchester.
		William Marshal is succeeded by Peter de Roches, Bishop of Winchester and Hubert de Burgh who was Justiciary.
		Peter des Rievaulx, the nephew of the Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, is made treasurer of the Henry III's household and keeper of the king's wardrobe.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hprr.htm (3181 words)

	The Children of William Marshal and Isabel de Clare
		It was at Gloucester that the young Henry was knighted by Marshal and anointed and crowned King Henry III by Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester.
		When Hubert de Burgh was attacked and accused by Peter des Roches and Henry of all manner of evils in October 1232, Richard stood by him and acted as one of the four earls who stood as surety for de Burgh’s actions and accountability.
		Walter was married January 2, 1242 to Margaret (d1266), widow of John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, and the daughter of Hawise, sister of Ranulf of Chester, and Robert de Quenci.
	www.castlewales.com /mar_chld.html (4485 words)

	Medieval England 1066-1399 - Seminar Programmes
		In 1232 Henry successfully removed the 'corrupt' Hubert de Burgh from power and replaced him with the Poitevins, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, this action can be seen as potentially reversing the effects of the barons triumph in the form of the Magna Carta in 1215.
		It was now that the Exchequer was once again under the control of the crown, the Poitevin Peter des Rivaux, made sweeping changes and established Henry as master of the central administrations and sheriffs of the counties for the 25 years following 1232.
		One of the baronial grievances was after the deposition of Hubert De Burgh, as Peter Des Rivaux was put in charge of both the chamber and the exchequer.
	www.the-orb.net /wales/h3h03/h3h03r05.htm (3165 words)

	Peter Des Roches: An Alien in English Politics, 1205-1238 And Ghost Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is the first biography of one of the wealthiest and most influential bishops of medieval Europe, who for a period of over thirty years exercised a degree of power over the Plantagenet court second only to that of the king.
		The career of Peter des Roches and the activities of his fellow aliens - examined here in detail for the first time - are fundamental to an understanding of the process by which England and France developed as two separate kingdoms.
		As a politician, des Roches cast a shadow across the reigns of both John and Henry III.
	www.aboehmer.com /des.htm (262 words)

	HENRY III TIME LINE AND BIOGRAPHY LINKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		England is temporarily ruled by two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh.
		1233 - Anger at the increasing influence of Peter des Riveaux and Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, provokes a rebellion led by Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, son of William.
		1234 - The Marshal rebellion is defeated and Henry dismisses Peter des Riveaux, and confines Peter des Roches to purely spiritual affairs.
	www.yorkist.com /bios/content19.html (429 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| dummy \| Day 120
		Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester, died in 1238, to universal lack of regret in England.
		He was the conniving, scheming leader of the court faction of foreigners known as Poitevans because many of them, including des Roches, came from Poitou.
		At this time de Montfort was an ardent loyalist; the chief of the coterie of foreign courtiers around the King.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Millennium/0,2833,294652,00.html (478 words)

	Henry III (of England)
		Just over a week after the death of his father, John, in October 1216, the nine-year-old Henry III was crowned king of England by Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester.
		King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced their expulsion in 1234, marking the start of Henry's personal rule.
		Henry's refusal to accept the provisions led to the second Barons' War in 1264, a revolt of nobles led by his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0020006.html (258 words)

	Peter des Roches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was made justiciar in 1214, but unpopular with the barons, Peter was replaced in 1215 by Hubert de
		, Peter became the young king's guardian, and after the death (1219) of the regent, William Marshall, 1st earl of Pembroke, he struggled for power with Hubert de Burgh.
		La gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles, cadre de reference pour une reflexion sur les communautes locales.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0842136.html (318 words)

	Kings, Queens, Presidents and First Ladies
		Eva de Braose-[18214] was born in 1220 in Bramber, Sussex, England and died before 7-28-1255.
		After Pembroke's death in 1219 Hubert de Burgh ran the government until he was dismissed by Henry in 1232.
		Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry's regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in 1234.
	www.livelyroots.com /kings/d10.htm (694 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg72 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, and Peter de Stokes in 1204.
		Isabelle De VALOIS was born in 1292 in Of, Fontainebleau,, France.
		Catherine De VALOIS was born in 1299 in, Fontainebleau,, France.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg72.htm (10059 words)

	Peter des Roches : An Alien in English Politics, 1205-1238 (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is the first biography of one of the wealthiest and most influential bishops of medieval Europe, who for a period of over thirty years exercised a degree of power over the thirteenth-century Plantagenet court second only to that of the king.
		The career of Peter des Roches and the activities of his fellow aliens are fundamental to an understanding of the process by which England and France developed as two separate kingdoms.
		The book also sheds new light on such hotly-debated issues as the role of aliens in English politics, the reception of Magna Carta, the loss of Normandy, and the constitutional and administrative developments of the reign of Henry III.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0521552540.html (163 words)

	Journal of Church and State: Peter Des Roches: An Alien in English Politics, 1205-1238. (book reviews)@ HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Journal of Church and State: Peter Des Roches: An Alien in English Politics, 1205-1238.
		In the course of detailing Peter des Roches's career, he has also reconstructed political relationships during a most turbulent period in England's history.
		Vincent offers a political biography of des Roches from his appearance as a major figure in John's Court and election to the bishopric of Winchester through his fall from power in 1234.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:20482673&refid=ink_tptd_mag (218 words)

	AbbeyDescDOE
		The Abbey of St Mary and St John the Evangelist at Titchfield was founded in 1232 by Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, for Premonstratensian canons.
		The first abbot and canons came from a previous foundation of Peter des Roches at Halesowen in Worcestershire; this was a daughter-house of Welbeck Abbey in Nottinghamshire and was founded soon after 1214.
		The surrender was made on t8 December 1537; the abbot was awarded a pension of £66 13s 4d, eight canons £6 13s 4d each and three novices £3.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /paul.hawkins.tyd/Tyd/AbbeyDescDOE.htm (897 words)

	Hubert de Burgh
		In the meantime the justiciar's long-time rival Peter des
		He was imprisoned but eventually became reconciled with Henry and successfully withstood a revival of the old charges in 1239.
		Peter des Roches - Roches, Peter des, d.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0809486.html (355 words)

	King Henry III of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Marshal, by a combination of military skill and diplomatic ability, saw off the Dauphin by September, 1217, but less than two years later he was dead, and a triumvirate ruled in his place: the papal legal Pandulf; the Poitevin Bishop of Winchester Peter des Roches; and the Justiciar Hubert de Burgh.
		Barons, who had kept their castles undistrubed and exercised their powers without supervison, were now called to account to the haughty justiciar, and the party of Peter des Roches did not fail to underline the annoyances involved.
		One cannot assess how deeply felt were the demands for just and equal government voiced by Simon de Montfort, but certainly there were other elements in the baronial party which were reactionary rather than revolutionary, wanting to return to baronial government for its own sake.
	xpda.com /family/ind00781.htm (1628 words)

	STUART VIEWS OF KING HENRY III AND KING RICHARD II
		Regarding de Burgh, Sir Cotton points out “bad times corrupt good Councells and make the best Ministers yeelde to the lust of Princes,” implying that it wasn’t de Burgh’s personality but rather the period that had corrupted him.
		Roches, however, proved no better than de Burgh in the eyes of the barons as he appointed foreigners to his cabinet, further enraging the barons.
		Overall, then, these seventeenth-century writers show that greed, relentless pursuit of power by the royal court, and parliamentary disputes were the roots of the problems in the reigns of Henry III and Richard II.
	www.eiu.edu /~historia/2002/stuart.htm (2246 words)

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