Petiole (botany) - Factbites

Petiole (botany) - Factbites
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Topic: Petiole (botany)

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	Leaves, Botany Course, Master Gardener Training, Extension Service, Oregon State University
		A leaf is held away from its stem by a stem-like appendage called a petiole, and the base of the petiole is attached to the stem at a node.
		The node where a petiole meets a stem is called a leaf axil.
		Petioles vary in length or may be lacking entirely, in which case the leaf blade is described as sessile or stalkless.
	extension.oregonstate.edu /mg/botany/leaves.html

	VEGCHAR
		Petiole--the stalk of a leaf; a leaf without a petiole is sessile
		Deciduous--having leaves which die and fall in the cold or the dry season.
		There is a bewilderingly large number of terms used to describe the shapes of leaves (or of any other organ, for that matter).
	csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/tfplab/vegchar.htm

	Botany Glossary "S"
		This term is frequently applied to leaves, leaves that have a lamina but no petiole so that the lamina is attached directly to the stem.
		Simple leaves are leaves that contain only one lamina per petiole.
		This is because the secondary cell wall is very thick and leaves a very small lumen in the cell.
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botgloss.htm

	Garden Botany
		Petiole : The stalk to which the lamina is attached.
		Although not technically leaves, buds are nearly always found associated with the base of a leaf petiole.
		These veins supply the water for photosynthesis and other nutrients needed by the photosynthesizing cells, and they carry the sugars formed via photosynthesis to other parts of the plant, where they feed the living cells of the roots and stems or are stored for future use.
	www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/botany/parts_leaves.html

	Botany online: Features of Flowering Plants - Leaves
		Among these are thorns where the moulding of the blade does not occur and the leaf veins have been strengthened by the deposit of a though material, as well as leaf tendrils that also miss the lamina but have an extremely pliable and tension-proof petiole.
		It functions mainly to manufacture food by photosynthesis and consists typically of a stalk also called petiole, a flattened blade, the lamina, and the leaf base.
		A leaf is an aerial and lateral outgrowth of the stem of a usually flat and dorsiventral anatomy.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e02/02c.htm

	Photoassimilate translocation in the petiole of Cyclamen and Primula is independent of lateral retrieval -- Grimm et al. 48 (310): 1087 -- Journal of Experimental Botany
		Photoassimilate translocation in the petiole of Cyclamen and Primula is independent of lateral retrieval -- Grimm et al.
		Photoassimilate translocation in the petiole of Cyclamen and Primula is independent of lateral retrieval
		assimilate movement in the petiole of Cyclamen and
	jxb.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/48/310/1087

	AZ Master Gardener Manual: Leaves
		Palmate venation occurs in grape and maple leaves, where the principal veins extend outward, like the ribs of a fan, from the petiole near the base of the leaf blade.
		Leaves commonly referred to as foliage are the most common and conspicuous, and as previously stated, serve as the manufacturing centers where the photosynthetic activity of the plant occurs.
		Seed leaves, or cotyledons, are modified leaves which are found on the embryonic plant and commonly serve as storage organs.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/garden/mg/botany/leaves

	BOTANY
		Simple leaves consist of a blade or lamina, usually connected to the stem by a petiole.
		Your initial observations of growing leaves should include such things as their arrangement on the stem, whether the leaves are simple or compound, the pattern of venation and the general shape of the leaf itself.
		Leaves are almost infinitely variable in terms of their shape, and a very complex terminology is required to describe each of the possibilities.
	www.rhodes.edu /biology/stinemetz/BOTANY-Lab3.htm

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part I; From Seed to Leaf, by Jane H. Newell
		The leaves are conduplicate, as in Magnolia, and have the blade bent inwards on the petiole (inflexed).
		The outer leaves are smaller and, on examining the branch, it will be seen that their internodes do not make so large a growth as the leaves in the centre of the bud.
		The arrangement of leaves is usually classed under three modes: the alternate, the opposite, and the whorled; but the opposite is the simplest form of the whorled arrangement, the leaves being in circles of two.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/0/7/2/10726/10726-h/10726-h.htm

	Botany online: Features of Flowering Plants - Leaves
		Among these are thorns where the moulding of the blade does not occur and the leaf veins have been strengthened by the deposit of a though material, as well as leaf tendrils that also miss the lamina but have an extremely pliable and tension-proof petiole.
		The compound leaves are built from several small leaves or from pinnations that sit in a regular organisation at the undivided or branched rhachis.
		It is obvious in most cases that the leaves are arranged in the way of a screw and that there is always the same angle measurable between subsequent leaves (angle of divergence).
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e02/02c.htm

	Botany: Leaves (forms) - Wikibooks
		Descriptive terms are given for the lamina shape (that is, its overall shape in outline), the lamina margin, the form or shape of both the apex (tip) and the base (lamina junction with petiole) of the leaf, and (in some cases) other qualities evident in the example picture presented.
		In these leaves, it is not always very instructive to describe the "leaf outline" and better to describe the number (or range) of leaflets.
		This page presents the terminology used to describe the shapes and forms of leaves.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Botany:_Leaves_(forms)

	bestgardening.com Gardener's Botany - Why Leaves Colour and Fall in Autumn
		Dead cells form in an abscission layer at the base of the stalk (or petiole) and the twig to which it is attached.
		Shedding their leaves is an adaptation that enables plants to survive cold, wintery conditions.
		Sugar levels in the leaves rise in autumn, for, while photosynthesis has slowed, sugars are still being produced and lower temperatures mean that these are moved around the plant more slowly.
	www.bestgardening.com /bgc/howto/botany04.htm

	AZ Master Gardener Manual: Leaves
		The base of the petiole is attached to the stem at the node.
		Rosulate arrangement is one in which the basal leaves form a rosette around the stem with extremely short nodes.
		Alternate or spiral leaves are arranged in alternate steps along the stem with only one leaf at each node.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/garden/mg/botany/leaves

	Botany Glossary "P"
		Palmately compound leaves are compound leaves where the leaflets are all attached to the petiole at one point.
		Twice pinnately compound leaves are leaves that have secondary rachises that are perpendicular to the rachis and the leaflets are attached to the secondary rachises.
		dicot leaves where there is a single primary midvein with secondary veins branching off the midvein.
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botglosp.htm

	Palmate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In botany, palmate refers to leaves that have veins radiating from the point where the leaf attaches to the petiole (stem).
		This page was last modified 05:03, 28 Dec 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palmate

	Marijuana Botany
		Pistillate flowers are borne in pairs at the nodes one on each side of the petiole behind the stipule of bracts (reduced leaves) which conceal the flowers.
		The first sign of flowering in Cannabis is the appearance of undifferentiated flower primordia along the main stem at the nodes (intersections) of the petiole, behind the stipule (leaf spur).
		If leaves must be removed, the petiole is cut so that at least an inch remains attached to the stalk.
	greenmanspage.com /guides/botany.html

	The functional morphology of the petioles of the banana, Musa textilis -- Ennos et al. 51 (353): 2085 -- Journal of Experimental Botany
		The relationship between both is more-or-less linear with a slope not significantly different from 1, suggesting that the material properties of the petiole remain constant along its length.
		Force was applied at the outer points on the petiole by applying weights to the outer contact points (arrowed), and the upward movement of the centre was measured.
		effect on the bending rigidity of the petiole.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/353/2085 (4470 words)

	Submergence research using Rumex palustris as a model; looking back and going forward -- Peeters et al. 53 (368): 391 -- Journal of Experimental Botany
		The role of oxygen in submergence-induced petiole elongation in Rumex palustris: in situ measurements of oxygen in petioles of intact plants using micro-electrodes.
		Petiole elongation in Rumex species during submergence and ethylene exposure: the relative contribution of cell division and cell elongation.
		Submergence induces expansin gene expression in flooding-tolerant Rumex palustris and not in flooding-intolerant Rumex acetosa.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/368/391 (4640 words)

	Fruit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant.
		For example, rhubarb may be considered a fruit, though only the astringent stalk or petiole is edible.
		With most fruits pollination is a vital part of fruit culture, and the lack of knowledge of pollinators and pollenizers can contribute to poor crops or poor quality crops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fruit (1393 words)

	Organogenesis from internode-derived nodules of Humulus lupulus var. Nugget (Cannabinaceae): histological studies and changes in the starch content -- Fortes and Pais 87 (7): 971 -- American Journal of Botany
		1996 Plant regeneration from stem and petiole- derived callus of Humulus lupulus L. (Hop) clone Bragança and var.
		Organogenesis from internode-derived nodules of Humulus lupulus var.
		Adams, A. 1975 Elimination of viruses from the hop (Humulus lupulus) by heat therapy and meristem culture.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/87/7/971 (1393 words)

	Botany Week 03 Leaf Collection Project
		Sessile - The blade is attached directly to the stem without a petiole.
		Whorled - Several leaves grow around a single node.
		Opposite - Two leaves grow opposite each other at each node.
	www.mrscox.net /leaf.htm (1393 words)

	Stipe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the case of the fern, the stipe is only the petiole (or stem) from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina.
		In botany, a stipe is a supportive structure that may be stemlike, as in seaweed, or a true leaf stem, as in ferns.
		A stipe is also the stalk supporting the fruiting body of some fungi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stipe (176 words)

	Stipule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In botany, stipule refers to outgrowths borne on either side of the base of a leafstalk (or petiole).
		A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent (and the leaf is then termed, exstipulate).
		Stipules are morphologically variable and might appear as glands, scales, spines, or laminar (leaf-like) structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stipule (150 words)

	Botany 307F - Families of Vascular Plants - Rosaceae
		Stipules usually present (but not in Spiraeoideae), often joined to the petiole.
		Leaves simple, compound, or dissected, usually spirally arranged.
	www.botany.utoronto.ca /courses/bot307/old/97-98website/307DRosac.html (188 words)

	Tendril - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In botany, a tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support and attachment, generally by twining around whatever it touches.
		Tendril can also be used to describe a wisp of hair or indeed anything that resembles the tendrils of plants.
		In the garden pea, it is only the terminal leaflets that are modified to become tendrils.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tendril (188 words)

	Content and Distribution of Erythroxylum coca Leaf Alkaloids -- Johnson 76 (4): 331 -- Annals of Botany
		coca, E. coca, leaf alkaloids, petiole alkaloids, cocaine, cuscohygrine, methyl ecgonine, hygrine, tropinone, tropacocaine, trans -cinnamoylcocaine, cis -cinnamoylcocaine
		Cocaine, methyl ecgonine and hygrine were highest in the lamina
		to determine the distribution and content of hygrine, cuscohygrine,
	aob.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/4/331 (188 words)

	Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany
		The leaves are simple and alternate, the stipules are absent or wing-like and adnate to the petiole.
		The Dilleniaceae are trees, shrubs or occasionally vines comprising 10 genera and about 350 species.
		With the many stamens and two petals removed from the flower on the right, the apocarpous gynoecium and imbricate sepals are visible.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/carr/dilleni.htm (301 words)

	Botany online: Features of flowering Plants - Leaf Shapes: Simple Leaves
		Botany online: Features of flowering Plants- Leaf Shapes: Simple Leaves
		The petiole springs from the middle of the leaf: Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
		Typical for Coniferae, but occur also in other plant groups.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e02/form.htm (301 words)

	Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany
		The leaves are alternate or rarely opposite or whorled, stipules are adnate to petiole or absent.
		The Piperaceae are fleshy herbs, soft shrubs, and infrequently small trees comprising 10 genera and 1,400 to 2,000 species.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/carr/piper.htm (232 words)

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Topic: Petiole (botany)

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