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Topic: Petrarchan sonnet

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	Sonnet - LoveToKnow 1911
		The sonnet in the literature of modern Europe is a brief poetic form of fourteen rhymed verses, ranged according to prescription.
		It would seem that the very fact that the sonnet is a recognized structure suggestive of mere art - suggestive in some measure, indeed, of what Schiller would call "sport" in art - has drawn some of the most passionate poets in the world to the sonnet as the medium of their sincerest utterances.
		With regard to the Petrarchan sonnet, all critics are perhaps now agreed that, while the form of the octave is invariable, the form of the sestet is absolutely free, save that the emotions should govern the arrangement of the verses.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sonnet (729 words)

	Sonnet - MSN Encarta
		The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave, or eight-line stanza, and a sestet, or six-line stanza.
		Excellent examples of the Petrarchan sonnet in the English language are found in the sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella (1591) by Sir Philip Sidney, which established the form in England.
		William Wordsworth is regarded as the finest sonnet writer of the period, although outstanding sonnets were also written by his contemporaries Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575039/Sonnet.html (784 words)

	Poetry Form - The Sonnet.
		The Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet developed from the Sicilian Sonnet, by using envelope rhyme (instead of the alternating rhyme of the Sicilian Sonnet) in the octave.
		Crown of Sonnets: A sequence of 7 to 14 Sonnets.
		Terza Rima Sonnet: A sonnet in terza rima (aba bcb cdc ded ee).
	www.baymoon.com /~ariadne/form/sonnet.htm (3041 words)

	A Note on Shakespeare's Sonnets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Petrarchan convention of love (despairing lover writing to a lovely, unattainable lady in words of reverent praise and worshipful adoration) gave rise, as all really popular conventions do, to its opposite, an anti-Petrarchan convention, in which the woman to whom the poem was addressed was castigated as a deceitful and often ugly manipulator.
		Conventionally the sonnets fall into three clear groupings: Sonnets 1 to 126 are addressed to or concern a young man; Sonnets 127-152 are addressed to or concern a dark lady (dark in the sense of her hair, her facial features, and her character), and Sonnets 153-154 are fairly free adaptations of two classical Greek poems.
		Sonnet 78 starts a concern for some rival poet who has engaged the attention and the affection of the young man. The unfaithfulness of the young man leads the speaker to question his moral character with very specific images of infection and disease (which suggests venereal infection--as in Sonnets 94 and 95).
	www.mala.bc.ca /~johnstoi/eng366/sonnets.htm (1768 words)

	Byzant Scriptorium - The Sonnet
		The sonnet became the most popular form of Elizabethan lyric in the late sixteenth century, when sonnet sequences were all the rage.
		Sonnets 1 to 126 explore the poet's love for a beautiful youth whose identity is open to debate, but is often believed to be his patron, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton.
		Almost all of the Romantic poets wrote sonnets (Wordsworth's "Scorn not the sonnet" even gives a brief history of the sonnet up to Milton), and the form has remained in use right up to the present day, covering a multitude of topics from a friend's cat to the terror of world war.
	www.byzant.com /Mystical/Poetry/Sonnet.aspx (828 words)

	About Shakespeare's Love Sonnets
		Most of the sonnets are addressed to, or mention the "fair boy" or the "dark-lady." Since Shakespeare never made reference to their actual names, there has been much dogmatic speculation as to the identity of these two people.
		The English sonnet differs from the Petrarchan sonnet in that it is divided into three quatrains, each rhymed differently, with an independently rhymed couplet at the end.
		The rest of the sonnets discuss all aspects of the love between the poet and the young man, and the poet and his mistress.
	www.onlineshakespeare.com /sonnetsabout.htm (2020 words)

	Shakespeare's Sonnets
		The sonnet is composed with a formal rhyme scheme, denoting different thoughts, moods, or emotions, sometimes summed up in the last lines of the poem.
		It differs from the Petrarchan sonnets in that it is divided into three quatrains, each rhymed differently, with an independently rhymed couplet at the end.
		The remaining 27 sonnets are written mainly to a woman, popularly known as "The Dark Lady." Many students of Shakespeare's work believe that he had a love affair with this woman.
	www.springfield.k12.il.us /schools/springfield/eliz/Sonnets.html (996 words)

	What is a Sonnet? - Read Print
		The sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem in predominantly iambic pentameter, with a formal rhyme scheme.
		The Italian sonnet form is commony called the Petrarchan sonnet, because Petrarch's "Canzonieri," a sequence of poems including 317 sonnets, established the sonnet as a major form in European poetry.
		The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave (an eight-line stanza), rhyming abbaabba, and a sestet (a six-line stanza), rhyming cdcdcd, or cdecde--or using some other variation of the cd or cde patterns, but without a final rhymed couplet.
	www.readprint.com /article-10 (672 words)

	The Sonnet in American Literature
		The thousands of Italian sonnets read in preparation for this study were not contrasted with a theoretical Petrarchan sonnet of strict sense division between octave and sestet, nor were they held to be conformable to the wave of flow and ebb postulated by Watts-Duncan.
		Sonnets as good as many, and better than some written by these men and women, are abundant in our literature, but they are the work of poets who in general, as sonneteers, are merely competent craftsmen, or who have written too few sonnets to warrant any definite conclusions.
		Almost any of the "eagle" sonnets of Clement Wood have the true ring of the English sonnet, with its climactic couplet at the close; whereas the English sonnets of Jones Very seem, in spite of their technical accuracy, barren of that emotional impulse which is fundamental to the sonnet in its highest form.
	www.sonnets.org /sterner.htm (3750 words)

	About the Sonnet
		Originating in Italy, the sonnet was established by Petrarch in the 14th century as a major form of love poetry, and came to be adopted in Spain, France and England in the 16th century, and in Germany in the 17th.
		The standard subject-matter of early sonnets was the torments of sexual love (usually within a courtly love convention), but in the 17th century John Donne extended the sonnet's scope to religion, while Millton extended it to politics.
		Although largely neglected in the 18th century, the sonnet was revived in the 19th by Wordsworth, Keats, and Baudelaire, and is still widely used.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/sonnet.htm (874 words)

	Sonnet Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Most sonnets are in iambic pentameter, though Shakespeare's Sonnet 145 and a few sonnets by Thomas Hardy are in tetrameter (four iambs per line), and some of Sir Philip Sidney's sonnets (see Loving in truth...") use hexameter (six iambs).
		Because this is a page of English language sonnets and because most of the Wyatt and Surrey sonnets here are translations of Petrarch, I have not included any of Petrarch's poems separately, but you will find several of his Italian sonnets with English translations alongside at the University of California.
		Sonnet with the interlocking rhyme scheme used by Edmund Spenser as follows: abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee.
	members.aol.com /ericblomqu/glossary.htm (384 words)

	Defending and Defying the Petrarchan Convention: Shakespeare's Sonnets 18 & 130
		He initiates the extended metaphor in the first line of the sonnet by posing the rhetorical question, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The first two quatrains of the poem are composed of his criticism of summer.
		Sonnet 18, while employing a Petrarchan conceit, hints at the inadequacy of such a comparison.
		By accentuating the shortcomings of the banal hyperbole of the Elizabethan poet, in both Sonnet 18 and in Sonnet 130, Shakespeare suggests both the futility and the foolishness of attempting to compare humans and nature.
	members.aol.com /danieledg1/sonnets.html (962 words)

	Canadian Federation of Poets Lesson - Sonnets
		Sonnets are of two main kinds, the Petrarchan and the Shakespearian.
		As with its predecessor, the Petrarchan sonnet, the English sonnet's rhyme scheme dictates its underlying structure.
		The second primary characteristic of the English sonnet is its reliance on an implicit, underlying rhythm called iambic pentameter, which is essentially a line or verse of exactly 10 syllables in alternating weak and strong beats, with the weak stress falling on the first syllable and the strong on the second of each foot.
	www.federationofpoets.com /week18.htm (1260 words)

	Basic Sonnet Forms
		A sonnet is fundamentally a dialectical construct which allows the poet to examine the nature and ramifications of two usually contrastive ideas, emotions, states of mind, beliefs, actions, events, images, etc., by juxtaposing the two against each other, and possibly resolving or just revealing the tensions created and operative between the two.
		The basic meter of all sonnets in English is iambic pentameter (basic information on iambic pentameter), although there have been a few tetrameter and even hexameter sonnets, as well.
		This change occurs at the beginning of L9 in the Italian sonnet and is called the volta, or "turn"; the turn is an essential element of the sonnet form, perhaps the essential element.
	www.sonnets.org /basicforms.htm (1653 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Shakespearean or English sonnet was actually developed in the sixteenth century by the Earl of Surrey, but is named after Shakespeare because of his great sonnet sequence (a series of sonnets all exploring the same theme) printed in 1609.
		The Spenserian sonnet is a variation of the English sonnet with the rhyme scheme ABAB BCBC CDCD EE, in which the quatrains are linked by a continuation of one end-rhyme from the previous quatrain.
		Many of Shakespeare's sonnets are also about Love, but Shakespeare mocked the standard worshipful attitude of the Petrarchan sonnet in his famous "My Mistress's eyes are nothing like the sun." Development of the English sonnet led to consideration of other topics, including mortality, mutability, politics, and writing itself.
	www.rc.umd.edu /rchs/sonnet.htm (594 words)

	Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet 130
		Sonnet 130 is Shakespeare's rather lackluster tribute to his Lady, commonly referred to as the dark lady because she seems to be non-white (fl wires for hair, etc).
		Sonnet 130 is clearly a parody of the conventional and traditional love sonnet, made popular by Petrarch and, in particular, made popular in England by Sidney's use of the Petrarchan form in his epic poem "Astrophel and Stella."
		In sonnet 130, the references to such objects of perfection are indeed present, but they are there to illustrate that his lover is not as beautiful -- a total rejection of Petrarch form and content.
	www.shakespeare-online.com /sonnets/130detail.html (636 words)

	Poets.org - Poetry, Poems, Bios & More - Poetic Form: Sonnet
		Traditionally, the sonnet is a fourteen-line poem written in iambic pentameter, which employ one of several rhyme schemes and adhere to a tightly structured thematic organization.
		Named after one of its greatest practitioners, the Italian poet Petrarch, the Petrarchan sonnet is divided into two stanzas, the octave (the first eight lines) followed by the answering sestet (the final six lines).
		The sonnet redoublé is formed of 15 sonnets, the first 14 forming a perfect corona, followed by the final sonnet, which is comprised of the 14 linking lines in order.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5791 (1043 words)

	SonnetLecture
		In the Petrarchan sonnet, a male lover is the speaker; he is deeply in love with a fair young lady whom he describes in superlatives.
		The structure of the sonnet is 3 quatraines and a couplet.
		In some of the sonnets to her, the speaker makes it plain that his dark lady is every bit as beautiful as the idealized Petrarchans' ideal beauties, and all the more so because she is unembellished, so much more real, human.
	global.cscc.edu /engl/264/SonnetLex.htm (2931 words)

	Poetry Life and Times, Vallance Review No. 44, April 2005
		The Petrarchan sonnet was suited even to French, which had fewer vowel-ending words than Italian, although admittedly the introduction of the Alexandrine metre had altered the form somewhat.
		On the other hand, the deleterious effects of restricting the English sonnet to the simpler crossed rhyme scheme of the Petrarchan sonnet, abba abba cdc cdc, were apparent in the earliest English sonnets, such as those composed by Sir Thomas Wyatt.
		While Milton’s sonnets are not composed in blank verse, but are naturally all rhymed, still he was one of the earliest sonneteers to take advantage of the fluency induced by frequent enjambement, and was very skillful at submerging his rhymes in the continuing flow of his sonnet texts.
	www.poetrylifeandtimes.com /valrevw44.htm (3805 words)

	sonnet
		Critics of the sonnet have recognized varying classifications, but to all essential purposes two types only need be discussed ff the student will understand that each of these two, in turn, has undergone various modifications by experimenters.
		The English (Shakespearean) sonnet, on the other hand, is so different from the Italian (though it grew from that form) as to permit of a separate classification.
		Gradually the Italian sonnet pattern was changed and since Shakespeare attained fame for the greatest poems of this modified type his name has often been given to the English form.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/sonnet.html (665 words)

	What is a Sonnet?
		A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter.
		Three main sonnet forms have been in use since the Renaissance: the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, the English or Shakespearean sonnet, and the Spenserian sonnet.
		This type of sonnet is constructed with a change of thought or turn between the octave and the sestet, so that the content and the form are allied.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-sonnet.htm (352 words)

	SparkNotes: Shakespeare's Sonnets: The Sonnet Form
		In Elizabethan England--the era during which Shakespeare's sonnets were written--the sonnet was the form of choice for lyric poets, particularly lyric poets seeking to engage with traditional themes of love and romance.
		The Shakespearean sonnet is often used to develop a sequence of metaphors or ideas, one in each quatrain, while the couplet offers either a summary or a new take on the preceding images or ideas.
		Many of his sonnets in the sequence, for instance, impose the thematic pattern of a Petrarchan sonnet onto the formal pattern of a Shakespearean sonnet, so that while there are still three quatrains and a couplet, the first two quatrains might ask a single question, which the third quatrain and the couplet will answer.
	www.sparknotes.com /shakespeare/shakesonnets/section1.html (687 words)

	The UVic Writer's Guide: Sonnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem in a single stanza, in which lines of iambic pentameter are linked by an elaborate rhyme scheme.
		The structure of the English sonnet usually follows the Petrarchan, or explores variations on a theme in the first three quatrains and concludes with an epigrammatic.
		Though sonnets began as love poetry and were introduced to England as such by Thomas Wyatt, the form was extended to other subjects and other structures by Donne, Milton and later writers such as Keats, Dylan Thomas, and e.
	web.uvic.ca /wguide/Pages/LTSonnet.html (215 words)

	Building Blocks of Sonnets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		First of all, a sonnet is a short poem; the word in fact comes from the Italian for "little song." A sonnet consists of fourteen lines of iambic pentameter, rhyming in different patterns (see Types of Sonnets below).
		The sonnet form was created by the Italian Giacomo da Lentino in the 1200's (thanks to Seth Jeppesen at BYU who kindly pointed this out to me).
		Sonnets use end rhyme, which means, logically enough, that the rhymes come at the end of the line.
	www.sp.uconn.edu /~mwh95001/sonnets.html (1327 words)

	Books \| The patriarch of Petrarchan sonnets
		The Petrarchan sonnet, which is the sonnet in its classic form, tends to split into two sections, known as octave and sestet.
		Rather different is the experiment that reduces the line-length of the sonnet from the traditional iambic pentameter while preserving a typical rhyme-scheme.
		Leaving aside the curious accentual markings by which Hopkins attempted to explain his metrical system, the reason why Hopkins thought of this as a kind of sonnet was, as he explained in a preface, that it was "constructed in proportions resembling those of the sonnet proper" - that is 6:4 lines as opposed to 8:6.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4509662-110738,00.html (702 words)

	How to Write a Sonnet - WikiHow
		The two most common kinds of sonnet are the Petrarchan (Italian) sonnet and the Shakespearean (English) sonnet.
		Note that the Petrarchan style consists of two identical quatrains (the octave) and a closing sestet in the pattern ABBA ABBA CDE CDE where each letter represents a rhyme (i.e., a's should rhyme with a's and b's should rhyme with b's).
		Don't feel that it is necessary to stay within the strict patterns of Shakespearean and Petrarchan sonnet styles; poetry is a fluid art form, so feel free to alter the rhyme scheme or shape of a sonnet to suit your vision.
	www.wikihow.com /Write-a-Sonnet (456 words)

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