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Topic: Petrification

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Petrified palmwood

Petrified wood

Petrified Forest National Park

Gemstone

	Celery Petrification , Educational Resources for K-16
		Many fossils are preserved through the process of petrification (also called mineralization).
		Petrification occurs when water carries minerals into the pore structures of parts of buried organisms, leaving the minerals behind.
		When the dyed water is naturally sucked into the celery by capillary action, it mimics groundwater moving into the pore spaces of bones and plants, leaving minerals behind in the pore spaces as happens in petrification.
	www.uky.edu /KGS/education/celery.htm (582 words)

	How Does Wood Petrify
		Permineralization is commonly confused with petrification, in which the original material of an organism is replaced with minerals, and the pore space is infilled with minerals.
		Petrification occurs when a living object is slowly turned to stone of a huge number of years.
		Petrification (petros means stone) occurs when the organic matter is completely replaced by minerals and the fossil is turned to stone.
	www.ncsec.org /cadre2/team2_2/Lessons/howDoesWoodPetrify.htm (8184 words)

	HistoryBuff.com -- History Library -- A Journalists' Favorite Hoax: Petrifications
		If journalists decided to write about a monster, for example, they tried to create a monster that was bigger, louder and more dangerous than any of the monsters described by their rivals.
		Petrifications were another popular topic, especially among editors in the West.
		He was mad at the region's new coroner and Justice of the Peace, a man named "Sewall." TwainÕs hoax portrayed Sewall as a fool who rushed to the scene to learn what caused the death of a man who had been dead (and turned to stone) for 100 years.
	www.historybuff.com /library/refpetrification.html (0 words)

	Definition of petrification - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "petrification" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "petrification" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "petrification" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=petrification (0 words)

	Petrified Wood -DesertUSA
		Petrification of the wood found in the Petrified Forest began during the Triassic Period when the primitive conifers fell to the ground and into the waterways, entering into their journey through time.
		As the logs were deposited in the plain they were buried with mud and debris, beginning the petrification process.
		Minerals such as manganese, iron, and copper were in the water/mud during the petrification process.
	www.desertusa.com /mag00/jan/papr/rock.html (618 words)

	Petrified Wood
		An oxygen-less environment is not the only necessary ingredient for petrification to occur.
		The two most common chemicals seen in petrification are silica (found in sand) and calcium carbonate (found in rocs like limestone and dolmite).
		You might find amethyst or other gem crystals if the petrification process is due to siliceous (from silica) petrification of calcite crystals in calcareous (from calcium carbonate) petrification.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/63140 (448 words)

	Mr. Campos' 8th Grade Science
		Wood must first be covered with such agents as volcanic ash, volcanic mud flows, sediments in lakes and swamps or material washed in by violent floods - by any means which would exclude oxygen and thus prevent decay.
		Petrification of the wood found in the Petrified Forest began during the Triassic Period when the primitive conifers fell to the ground and into the waterways on a journey through time.
		Minerals such as manganese, iron, and copper were in the water/mud during the petrification process.
	myschoolonline.com /page/0,1871,46542-143542-50-23491,00.html (565 words)

	Amy's crazy awesome geo site
		Petrification, the process of becoming stone, happens when trees fall and die and are quickly covered with silt, clay, or mud, or fall in a swamp or the bottom of a lake.
		are caused by minerals that were in the mud and debris during the petrification process.
		The Navajo believed the logs were the bones of the the great giant monster, Yietso, their ancestors had killed when arriving in what is now the southwest of the United States.
	www.earlham.edu /~wanneam/geology/petrifiedwood.htm (1162 words)

	Creation Science, Petrified
		Petrification, according to Webster's Dictionary, is "the conversion of organic matter into stone or a substance of stony hardness through the infiltration of water containing dissolved mineral matter (as calcium, carbonate, silica) that replaces the organic material particle by particle with the original structure sometimes retained."
		In petrification, the flour would have been replaced particle by particle with the mineral.
		Petrification requires a particle for particle replacement, with none of the original material left.
	www.answersincreation.org /petrified.htm (358 words)

	Meridian Magazine :: Science and Religion :: Petrified Trees in Arizona
		During petrification of wood, the walls of every cell are replaced by a dissolved rock solution, such as a silicate or limestone.
		When we looked up introductory articles about petrification, we found that often very little was said about exactly how long the process is believed to have taken.
		We are simply reporting that the actual process of petrification in nature is currently being observed to occur on the time scale of months, and that now scientists can successfully complete the process in a few days.
	www.meridianmagazine.com /sci_rel/050316wood.html (3393 words)

	Creation Science Movement
		This report went on to repeat the dogma of evolution and stated that the petrification of wood requires millions of years to occur naturally.
		There is clear evidence that natural petrification of wood occurs rapidly with whole tree trunks fossilised within a matter of decades, and fence posts within a few years.
		What is clear is that long periods of time are not needed for petrification of wood to occur in nature despite the often repeated ‘millions of years’ mantra of evolution.
	www.csm.org.uk /news.php?viewmessage=23 (584 words)

	Petrifaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In geology, petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material is converted into stone or a similar substance.
		Petrifaction is also a common theme in folklore and mythology, and is associated with the legends of Medusa the Gorgon, the basilisk, and the cockatrice, among others.
		In various role-playing games and in the roguelike ASCII-based computer game NetHack, petrification is a state characters can enter as a result of magical spells or artifacts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petrification (408 words)

	Google and the Petrification of Knowledge \| Civilities (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Petrification is the process by which organic materials, such as wood, are replaced by silica.
		I was issuing information from one medium to another, where it could be appreciated in its new structure.
		It's all part of the petrification of knowledge-- a phrase I have hereby coined.
	civilities.net /GoogleSearches (854 words)

	Fossil Types
		Petrification fossils are formed through two main processes: permineralization and replacement.
		Permineralized fossils are created when ground water percolates through the remains of the organism and leaves behind minerals in the cellular spaces.
		Replacement fossils are formed when ground water first dissolves out the tissue and then leaves minerals in their place.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/fossil_types.htm (645 words)

	Presto! Instant Petrified Wood Created in Lab \| LiveScience
		Yongsoon Shin and his colleagues at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have recreated, under laboratory conditions, the conversion of wood into a ceramic, the very process of petrification.
		The lab process "is pretty much same as petrification in nature, where the products are even denser -- organic components are self-degrading -- due to the long time process," Shin explained.
		This type of petrification, called silicification, is one of the best known and is the one that is responsible for wood appearing to have turned to stone.
	www.livescience.com /technology/050127_petrified_wood.html (543 words)

	KEIM - Petrification
		The principal of silicate paints is their petrification with the substrate.
		The result is a solid mineral and insoluble compound of paint and substrate (render, concrete, natural stone, etc.).
		The cross section through the render below shows this petrification.
	www.keimmineralsystems.com /char2.htm (48 words)

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