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	Petrograd Soviet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Petrograd Soviet, or the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, was the council set up in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg, Russia) in March 1917 as the representative body of the city's workers.
		In the early afternoon an Extraordinary Session of the Petrograd Soviet was convened by Trotsky, to pre-empt the Congress of Soviets.
		The Petrograd Soviet Ispolkom was dismissed and replaced by a new group of 101 members (62 Bolsheviks) under Lev Borisovich Kamenev.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petrograd_Soviet (1875 words)

	Soviet Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
		By Soviet historiography, revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire began with the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
		The Soviet Union occupied the eastern portion of the European continent and the northern portion of the Asian continent.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Soviet (6179 words)

	October Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The crucial revolutionary activities in Petrograd were under the command of the Petrograd Soviet headed by Leon Trotsky and the Military Revolutionary Committee headed by Adolph Joffe.
		For the most part, the revolt in Petrograd was bloodless, with the Red Guards led by Konstantin Yurenev taking over major government facilities with little opposition before finally launching an assault on the Winter Palace on the night from November 7 to November 8.
		The Second Congress of Soviets consisted of 649 elected delegates; 390 were Bolshevik and nearly a hundred were Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, who also supported the overthrow of the Kerensky Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/October_Revolution (1354 words)

	The Communist Revolution in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Petrograd Soviet then assumed sole control in the capital city: the Duma government was summarily ejected and the entire army garrison in Petrograd obeyed the orders given to it by the Soviet.
		News of the defeat at the front arrived while the Congress of Soviets was still in session: under pressure from the Petrograd Soviet the congress then issued a demand calling for the abolition of the Duma and the holding of formal democratic elections on 30 September.
		The Petrograd Soviet then organized a demonstration in support of its demands: the size of the turnout - estimated to be at least a half million - surprised even the Petrograd Soviet organizers: an even greater shock was the realization that the majority of the demonstrators were Bolshevik supporters.
	www.stormfront.org /whitehistory/hwr60.htm (3748 words)

	Soviets
		With the failings of the Duma, the Soviets were seen as legitimate workers' government.
		Soviets challenged the power of Nicholas II and attempted to enforce promises made in the October Manifesto such as the freedom of the press, assembly and association.
		Soviets were re-established during the overthrow of Nicholas II.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSsoviet.htm (1491 words)

	The Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union Union
		The Petrograd Soviet was dominated by moderate socialists of the Socialist Revolutionary Party and by the Menshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
		To the Soviet government, however, the most disquieting manifestation of dissatisfaction with war communism was the rebellion in March 1921 of sailors at the naval base at Kronshtadt (near Petrograd), which had earlier won renown as a bastion of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		Blocking Soviet attainment of these desires were lingering suspicions of communism on the part of the Western powers and concern over the foreign debts incurred by the tsarist government that the Soviet government had unilaterally canceled.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Soviet1.html (6709 words)

	Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the ...
		The Petrograd Soviet disclaimed all demands for annexations and reparations and called upon the peoples of the warring countries to force their governments to negotiate peace.
		The Soviet condemned Milyukov's pledge, and although the two bodies found a vague compromise, the conflict was not resolved during the existence of the Provisional Government.
		During the ill-fated offensive, the opposition by workers and soldiers in Petrograd to a renewal of military hostilities forced the Congress of Soviets to adopt a resolution calling for the abolition of the Duma—that is, the political base of the Provisional Government—and setting September 30 as the date for the convocation of a constituent assembly.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/russianrev.html (4539 words)

	The Avalon Project : Order No. I of the Petrograd Soviet, March 14, 1917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In all military units which have still not elected their representatives in the Soviet of Workers' Deputies elect one representative to a company, who should appear with written credentials in the building of the State Duma at ten o'clock on the morning of March 2.
		In all its political demonstrations a military unit is subordinated to the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and its committees.
		Arms of all kinds, as rifles, machine-guns, armored automobiles and others must be at the disposition and under the control of the company and battalion committees and are not in any case to be given out to officers, even upon their command.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/eurodocs/soviet_001.htm (375 words)

	Russia - Revolutions and Civil War
		The spark to the events that ended tsarist rule was ignited on the streets of Petrograd in February 1917 (according to the Julian calendar then still in use in Russia; according to the modern Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in February 1918, these events occurred in March).
		The Petrograd Soviet was dominated by moderate socialists of the Socialist Revolutionary Party and by the Menshevik (see Glossary) faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
		To feed the urban population, the Soviet government requisitioned quantities of grain from the peasantry.
	countrystudies.us /russia/8.htm (2620 words)

	Berkman on the Kronstadt Rebellion
		Petrograd is orderly and quiet, and even a few factories where accusations against the Soviet Government were recently voiced now understand that it is the work of provocators.
		Petrograd is surrounded by the bayonets of the kursanti and the Party "guards", and Maliuta Skuratov -- Trotsky -- does not permit the delegates of the nonpartisan workers and soldiers to go to Kronstadt.
		To the Petrograd Soviet of Labour and Defense
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/bright/berkman/kronstadt/berkkron.html (11047 words)

	Petrograd Soviet: Order No. 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To be immediately and fully executed by all men in the Guards, army, artillery and navy and to be made known to the Petrograd workers.
		In all units which have not yet elected their representatives to the Soviet of Workers' Deputies, one representative from each company shall be elected.
		All kinds of weapons, namely rifles, machine-guns, armoured cars and so forth, shall be placed at the disposal and under the control of the company and battalion committees and shall by no means be issued to the officers, not even at their insistence.
	www.marxists.org /history/ussr/government/1917/03/01.htm (349 words)

	The Cheka during the Russian revolution
		The Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) was formed by the Petrograd Soviet ostensibly for the defence of Petrograd on the 12th October.
		The headquarters of the MRC was at the head of the Petrograd Soviet at the Smolny Institute.
		An order of the Petrograd Soviet (which was drafted by Lenin) called for a coup on October the 25th.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/talks/cheka.html (1844 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		But the precursor to the 1917 Soviet was the Central Workers' Group (''Tsentral'naia Rabochaia Gruppa''), founded in November 1915 by the Mensheviks to sit between workers and the new Central Military-Industrial Committee in Petrograd.
		On March 2 the Soviet received the eight-point program of the Provisional Committee and appointed a oversight committee (''nabliudatel'nyi komitet'') and issued a decidedly conditional statement of support.
		With elections to the Constituent Assembly looming the Bolsheviks had to use their power quickly to subvert the elections.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Petrograd-Soviet.htm (1832 words)

	soviet -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		This Petrograd Soviet stood as a “second government” opposite the Provisional Government and often challenged the latter's authority.
		At the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets, in 1918, a constitution was drawn up that established the soviet as the formal unit of local and regional government and affirmed the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest body of the state.
		Nominally, the deputies and presiding officers of the soviets at all levels were elected by the citizenry, but there was only one candidate for any office in these elections, and the selection of candidates was controlled by the Communist Party.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9068945 (1256 words)

	Beginning of the Movement in Kronstadt
		They, like the Petrograd workers, understood very well that the question was not of free trade or other independent changes in the Soviet mechanism, but of the Communists, and the uncontrolled, irresponsible dictatorship of the Communist Party.
		By their own experience and that of their relatives, the Kronstadt sailors were convinced that the Bolsheviks, who in word call themselves the "peasant power," in deed show themselves to be the most malicious enemies of the peasants; they are enemies of the peasants, and of the workers.
		Since the period of authority of the Kronstadt Soviet had expired, it was resolved at the meeting to call a Conference of Delegates for March 2nd, at which to discuss procedures for the new election to the Kronstadt Soviet.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mhuey/KRN/KRN.2.Beginning.html (1163 words)

	The Beginning of Worker Disturbances in Petrograd
		In the session of the Petrograd Soviet of February 26th, Lashevich, a prominent Communist and member of the Defense Committee and the Revolutionary War Council of the Soviet Republic, gave a report on the situation.
		In accordance with the decree of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, the factory was closed.
		At the same meeting of the Petrograd Soviet, Kuzmin, Commissar of the Baltic Fleet, reported on worrisome signs in the mood of the warship crews.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mhuey/KRN/KRN.1.Petrograd.html (830 words)

	"Critical review #1"
		At a meeting of the Petrograd Soviet, Trotsky in a fit of boasting blabbed to the enemy the date on which the Bolsheviks had planned to begin the uprising.
		The congress delegates dispersed to spread the news of the victory of the Soviets in Petrograd and to ensure the extension of the power of the Soviets to the whole country.
		In Petrograd itself, and in several of its districts, counter-revolutionary attempts to overthrow the Soviet power were made in the very first days of the victory of the revolution.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/448-343/index2.html (3502 words)

	SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917–1918): The February Revolution
		During the same period, the Petrograd Soviet, an organization of revolutionary-minded workers and soldiers dominated by the Menshevik Party, convened on February 27.
		Although the provisional government was quickly recognized by countries around the world as the legitimate governing body of Russia, the Petrograd Soviet held at least as much power and had significantly greater connections with regional authorities in other parts of the country.
		The Petrograd Soviet was in essence a metropolitan labor union made up of soldiers and factory workers.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/russianrev/section2.rhtml (995 words)

	Collect Russia Table medal commemorating the 50th anniversary of renaming Petrograd (St. Soviet Russian
		Table medal commemorating the 50th anniversary of renaming Petrograd (St. Petersburg) to Leningrad, 1974 issue.
		By N. Sokolov - name of the sculptor who produced the original mold is inscribed at the bottom on the reverse.
		Reverse quotes the 1924 decree to rename Petrograd to Leningrad (immediately after Lenin's death), "'To satisfy the request of Petrograd Soviet of workers, peasants and Red Army Deputies - to rename the city of Petrograd into Leningrad'.
	collectrussia.com /DISPITEM.HTM?ITEM=10324 (209 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Russian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although many bolsheviks such as Leon Trotsky supported a soviet democracy, the eform from above model gained definitive power when Lenin died and Stalin gained control of the USSR Trotsky and his supporters, as well as a number of other democratically-minded communists, were persecuted and eventually imprisoned or killed....
		An agreement is reached between the Petrograd Soviet and the Provisional Government headed by Lvov....
		Workers soviets were set up, and the Duma approved the establishment of a Provisional Government to attempt to restore order in the capital....
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/877.html (2470 words)

	Propaganda exchange between Kronstadt and the Bolsheviks
		You are inspired with a burning desire to build true Soviet power, and by the noble hope of granting the worker freedom of labor, and the peasant the right to control his own land and the produce of his work.
		In Petrograd the last sailor turned from you when it became known that tsarist General Kozlovsky was running things.
		Passed at an expanded session of the Petrograd Soviet, with the attendance, besides the members of the Soviet, of representatives from factory-plant committees and from the administrations of all trade unions.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/russia/izvestiia/issue4.html (2173 words)

	William Hard. Raymond Robins' Own Story. 1920. Contents. Chapter One. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Certain hints of the Soviet were borne to the members of the American Red Cross Mission even while they were still in Siberia on their way from Vladivostok to Petrograd.
		Just as the Soviet was more energetic and definite than the rest of Russia, so the Bolsheviks were more energetic and definite and purposeful than the rest of the Soviet.
		He deposited, in a bank at Petrograd, to be drawn on by the committee, an immediate fund of a million dollars out of his own private fortune.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/world_war_I/Robins/Robins1.htm (8410 words)

	SAC 1917-1920
		The Soviets simultaneously appealed to the toiling, oppressed, and exhausted peoples of Europe against WW1 and the leaders who had gotten them into that war.
		This might be seen as the end of the two-year "revolutionary phase" in the life of the institutions known as Soviets of Workers and Peasants Deputies.
		Inspired by unpromising trends in his homeland, Soviet Russia, Zamiatin linked the ideology and the policies of the new Communist regime with what he thought were vaster European trends toward an exclusive scientific and narrowly rationalistic ethos, combined with statist-managerial public administration.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.1917.1920.htm (7989 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: Re (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Its members were drawn from the Central Committee, the Petersburg Committee, the Petrograd Soviet, factory committees, trade unions and military organisations.
		It operated under the leadership of the Central Committee and was closely bound up with the Bolshevik Military Organisation in forming Red Guard detachments and arming the workers.
		After the victory of the October Revolution and the election of the Soviet Government at the Second Congress of Soviets, the main task of the Revolutionary Military Committee was to fight the counter-revolution and safeguard the revolutionary order.
	www.marxistsfr.cjb.net /glossary/orgs/r/e.htm (379 words)

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