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Topic: Petroleum

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	World Petroleum Council
		The WPC is a not for profit organisation so the intention of organising the World Petroleum Congress is not only to promote the progress of the global energy industry but to leave a positive affect on the local community of the host country and a long lasting legacy by initiating social and environment projects
		The WPC is dedicated to the application of scientific advances in the oil and gas industries, to technology transfer and to the use of the world's petroleum resources for the benefit of mankind
		The objective of the WPC Excellence Awards (WPCEA) is to distinguish companies, institutions or any public or private organisation (not individuals) engaged in the oil and gas industry for promoting or operating with high excellence standards in two categories, social and technical excellence.
	www.world-petroleum.org (590 words)

	Petroleum - MSN Encarta
		In addition, petroleum and its derivatives are used in the manufacture of medicines and fertilizers, foodstuffs, plastics, building materials, paints, and cloth and to generate electricity.
		The chemical composition of all petroleum is principally hydrocarbons, although a few sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing compounds are usually present; the sulfur content varies from about 0.1 to 5 percent.
		The remains of tiny organisms that live in the sea—and, to a lesser extent, those of land organisms that are carried down to the sea in rivers and of plants that grow on the ocean bottoms—are enmeshed with the fine sands and silts that settle to the bottom in quiet sea basins.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576221/Petroleum.html (1155 words)

	Petroleum - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Petroleum (" burning water ") was known in Japan in the 7th century, whilst in Europe the gas springs of the north of Italy led to the adoption in 1226 by the municipality of Salsomaggiore of a salamander surrounded by flames as its emblem.
		As early as 1804, Humboldt expressed the opinion that petroleum was produced by distillation from deep-seated strata, and Karl Reichenbach in 1834, suggested that it was derived from the action of heat on the turpentine of pine-trees, whilst Brunet, in 1838, adumbrated a similar theory of origin on the ground of certain laboratory experiments.
		Petroleum has very long been known as a source of light and heat, while the use of crude oil for the treatment of wounds and cutaneous affections, and as a lubricant, was even more general and led to the raw material being an article of commerce at a still earlier date.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Petroleum (9861 words)

	PETROLEUM,
		In addition, petroleum and its derivatives are used in the manufacture of medicines and fertilizers, foodstuffs, plastic ware, building materials, paints, and cloth, and to generate electricity.
		Petroleum is formed under the earth's surface by the decomposition of marine organisms.
		Once the petroleum forms, it flows upward in the earth's crust because it has a lower density than the brines that saturate the interstices of the shales, sands, and carbonate rocks that constitute the crust of the earth.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=219071 (4355 words)

	Petroleum
		Crude petroleum (oil) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon-based liquid which is sometimes present in porous rocks beneath the earth's surface.
		Petroleum is usually classified according to the predominance of paraffin or asphaltic compounds and, accordingly, is said to have a paraffin base, an intermediate base, or an asphalt base.
		Petroleum is used principally as a source of fuel and lubricating oils.
	www.state.ar.us /agc/petroleu.htm (889 words)

	Petroleum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil) or crude oil is a fl, dark brown or greenish liquid found in porous rock formations in the earth.
		Petroleum is found in porous rock formations in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petroleum (5453 words)

	petroleum - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		petroleum oily, flammable liquid that occurs naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth; it is also called crude oil.
		It is believed that petroleum consists of the remains of these organisms but it is the small microscopic plankton organism remains that are largely responsible for the relatively high organic carbon content of fine-grained sediments like the Chattanooga shale which are the principle source rocks for petroleum.
		The different hydrocarbon components of petroleum are dissolved natural gas, gasoline, benzine, naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuel and light heating oils, heavy heating oils, and finally tars of various weights (see tar and pitch).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-petroleu.html (981 words)

	Petroleum Reserves & Resources Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Petroleum is the world's major source of energy and is a key factor in the continued development of world economies.
		SPE and WPC emphasize that, although the definition of petroleum reserves should not in any manner be construed to be compulsory or obligatory, countries and organizations should be encouraged to use the core definitions as defined in these principles and also to expand on these definitions according to special local conditions and circumstances.
		Petroleum: For the purpose of these definitions, the term petroleum refers to naturally occurring liquids and gases which are predominately comprised of hydrocarbon compounds.
	www.spe.org /spe/jsp/basic/0,,1104_1008242,00.html (1298 words)

	PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL AND FOSIL FUEL RESERVES
		Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oil and gasoline (or petrol), both important "primary energy" sources (IEA Key World Energy Statistics).
		Petroleum also makes up 40% of total energy consumption in the United States, but is responsible for only 2% of electricity generation.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
	www.solarnavigator.net /petroleum.htm (4364 words)

	Petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Petroleum is made up of mostly carbon but also consists of hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
		Petroleum cannot be used as it is found in the ground.
		The cost of petroleum is on the rise and is seen to be continually rising as the demands increase and resources become more scarce.
	www.personal.psu.edu /ruc114/egee101.html (996 words)

	Industry Search
		The Petroleum Society of CIM is pleased to be hosting a brand new conference â€“ the Canadian...
		Petroleum geomechanics is the branch of engineering dealing with the mechanical properties and...
		PHI (Petroleum Helicopters Inc.) is the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world and the...
	www.oilandgasonline.com /content/IndustrySearch/Results.asp?text=petroleum (244 words)

	Embassy of Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The history of petroleum in Brazil began on December 30th, 1864 with Imperial Decree No. 352-A. The Englishman Thomas Denny Sargent was the first to be granted a concession for petroleum exploration and development, in the municipality of Baiano de Munumu.
		In 1963 this monopoly was extended to activities related to the import and export of petroleum and its derivatives.
		The Brazilian petroleum industry, being a monopoly of the state, came under the control of two agencies: the National Petroleum Council (CNP), responsible for regulatory guidance, and Petrobras, the state run company actually engaging in exploration and development.
	www.brasilemb.org /trade_investment/trade_petroleum.shtml (816 words)

	Petroleum Bazaar - The no.1 sites on Petroleum Products
		No vehicle carrying petroleum by road shall be parked on a public road or in any congested area or at a place within 9 metres or any source of fire.
		Petroleum shall not be loaded into or unloaded from a vehicle until its wheels have been secured by efficient brakes or by scotching and in the case of animal-drawn vehicles until the animals have been unhitched and removed.
		All petroleum containers carried in a motor conveyance carrying passen~ gers on hire shall be free from leaks and be securely closed and shall be placed in a specially prepared receptacle which is not accessible to passengers in such conveyance and is not the roof.
	www.petroleumbazaar.com /library/Petroleumrules1976_9.htm (2668 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Petroleum
		Petroleum retains an advantage because the price of oil remains low compared to forms of energy with lower environmental impacts such as wind and solar power.
		One of the major concerns associated with petroleum use, in addition to the emissions associated with combustion of fossil fuels, is the environmental impacts associated with extracting petroleum and with transporting it.
		The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is a supply of oil that the U.S. government maintains in the event that a military or political crisis disrupts America's supply.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/77.html (1198 words)

	Petroleum Place: Terms and Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Petroleum Place neither endorses nor is responsible for the accuracy or reliability of any opinion, advice or statement made on the Web Site by anyone other than authorized Petroleum Place employee spokespersons while acting in their official capacities.
		Petroleum Place makes no claims that use of the Web Site or the materials contained in, or accessed through, this Web Site may be lawfully viewed or downloaded outside of the United States.
		Petroleum Place shall have the right, but not the obligation, to monitor the content of the Web Site, including any chat rooms and forums, to determine compliance with these Terms of Use and any operating rules established by Petroleum Place and to satisfy any law, regulation or authorized government request.
	www.petroleumplace.com /termsconditions.html (2184 words)

	Utah History Encyclopedia
		After witnessing a somewhat frenzied increase in the formation of petroleum companies and the leasing of promising oil properties, Salt Lake City's Daily Tribune proclaimed in December 1901 that an "oil era" was at hand for Utah.
		However, the prospect of finding petroleum continued to lure a few explorers to various regions of Utah, and from 1916 to 1921 several companies, including such major operators as the Ohio Oil Company and the Midwest Refining Company, drilled a dozen deep test holes.
		The future of Utah's petroleum industry may be found in the extensive oil-shale and tar-sand reserves located in the eastern half of the state.
	www.media.utah.edu /UHE/p/PETROLEUM.html (1836 words)

	Petroleum Refining Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		DOE Petroleum Refining Industry Overview - The DOE has prepared an overview of recent trends and future prospects in the United States and abroad for petroleum refining.
		National Petroleum Council (NPC) - The NPC is chartered by the Secretary of Energy and its mission is to advise, inform, and make recommendations to the Secretary of Energy on various issues concerning oil and natural gas and affiliated industries, with the exception of trade.
		Petroleum Industry Data Exchange (PIDX) - The PIDX mission is to educate and encourage energy industry companies, customers, suppliers, and other trading partners to apply resources towards the effective implementation and utilization of EDI and other related technologies.
	es.epa.gov /cooperative/topics/petroleum.html (1727 words)

	Industrial Technologies Program: Petroleum Refining
		The Petroleum Refining Industry of the Future partnership equipped the U.S. refining industry with more energy-efficient technologies and new tools for identifying energy-saving opportunities.
		In addition, many of the publications, tip sheets, software tools, and other resources developed through the partnership are in active use at U.S. refineries, helping to identify opportunities for energy and cost savings.
		The Petroleum Refining Industries of the Future program is currently not funding any active projects and has no solicitations planned for the near future.
	www.eere.energy.gov /industry/petroleum_refining (309 words)

	Petroleum Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The subtitle for Petroleum Engineering 101 at Stanford University reads "How to dig oil wells," and that is for the most part what a petroleum engineer does.
		Some petroleum engineers do work in offices, however, analyzing the reports and recommendations of field engineers and advising corporate decision-makers on whether to proceed.
		While these people are crucial to the success of the industry as a whole, their levels of satisfaction were slightly lower than those of field engineers; the gambling lifestyle, it seems, is less exciting from behind a desk.
	www.edasolutions.com /Groups/PetroleumEngineering.htm (1403 words)

	SOM - #364 - PETROLEUM ENGINEER
		Petroleum Engineers may join professional associations, such as the National Society of Professional Engineers, the Michigan Society of Professional Engineers, the Society of Petroleum Engineers, and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration.
		Petroleum Engineers will be needed to locate new sources of oil and gas, to develop more sophisticated recovery and processing methods, and reduce environmental problems associated with oil and gas production.
		Because the number of Petroleum Engineers employed in the state is small, fewer than 10 openings per year should occur due to replacement of those who retire, die, or leave the labor force for other reasons.
	www.michigan.gov /som/0,1607,7-192-29940_23422-64757--,00.html (1864 words)

	Texas Tech University :: Petroleum Engineering Department
		Petroleum engineering is the practical application of the basic and physical sciences of mathematics, geology, physics, and chemistry and all of the engineering sciences to the discovery, development, and production, and transportation of petroleum.
		Petroleum is the most widely used form of mobile energy and now supplies approximately three-fourths of the total energy used in the United States.
		The department is uniquely located in the Permian Basin, where approximately 22 percent of the nation’s petroleum resources and 68 percent of Texas’ petroleum resources lie within a 175-mile radius.
	www.depts.ttu.edu /peWeb/index.php (412 words)

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