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	Coke (fuel) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal.
		Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
		Petroleum coke has many uses besides being a fuel, such as the manufacture of dry cells, electrodes, etc. Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coke_(fuel) (452 words)

	Petroleum coke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum coke (often abbreviated pet coke) is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery cracking processes.
		Marketable coke is coke that is relatively pure carbon and can be sold for use as fuel, in the manufacture of dry cells, electrodes, etc. Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel and aluminum industries.
		Catalyst coke is coke that has deposited on the catalysts used in oil refining, such as those in a catalytic cracker.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petroleum_coke (197 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To remove the petroleum coke from the drum, the end caps are removed and a hydraulic drill is inserted through a center of the piece of petroleum coke.
		Consequently, the petroleum coke must be handled at separate transfer points, such as from the pit to the evaporation field and from the evaporation field to the conveyor.
		The petroleum coke supported on the V-shaped angles 46, however, is advanced toward the trough second end 24 as a result of the vibratory motion generated by the exciter 18.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/86578.031023&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3264 words)

	R&S ELECTRIC UTILITY: Petroleum Coke
		The direct consumption of petroleum coke as a fuel source is only one of its many uses.
		A byproduct in the oil refining process, petroleum coke is also used by the cement industry, the steel industry in the manufacture of ferroalloys, and for the manufacture of carbon and graphite products.
		Petroleum coke exhibits a wide range of handling characteristics and requires careful analysis and selection of equipment.
	www.r-s.com /UTL/UTLPC.htm (174 words)

	Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking. Influence on Metallurgical Coke Quality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking.
		The relevance of petroleum coke activity during the plastic stage in cocarbonization with a low-volatile bituminous coal was assessed by establishing differences in lowering of Gieseler maximum fluidity of the blend (bituminous coal and petroleum coke) and in metallurgical coke quality.
		The metallurgical cokes were produced in a laboratory oven from blends of petroleum coke-bituminous coal and, then, characterized in terms of abrasion strength and reactivity to CO There is a clear relation between the chemical activity of petroleum coke in cocarbonization systems with coal and improvements in metallurgical coke quality.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/1997/11/i02/abs/ef960124q.html (211 words)

	Petroleum Coke Tutorial
		Coking takes place in one drum in 24 hours while decoking is carried out in the other drum.
		Coking severity decreases from bottom to top in the drum so bottom coke is more dense with lower VCM than top coke.
		Fluid coking is a continuous process in which heated coker feeds are sprayed into a fluidized bed of hot coke particles which are maintained at 20-40 psi and 500°C. The feed vapors are cracked while forming a liquid film on the coke particles.
	mccoy.lib.siu.edu /projects/crelling2/atlas/PetroleumCoke/pettut.html (622 words)

	Asbury Carbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Coke is made by heat-treating the residual oil (more accurately described as tar) to a temperature high enough to result in its polymerization to form a non-melting solid carbon.
		Coke, as it is removed from the coking process, is referred to as Â“green cokeÂ”.
		Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is manufactured by heating green coke to approximately 1300-1400 C in a rotary kiln.
	www.asbury.com /Materials_Detail.cfm?mid=5 (283 words)

	News
		At the stockpile area the petroleum coke is transferred to a 160' radial stacker allowing direct stacking to a height of 50 feet.
		Petroleum coke reclaim is performed by the bulldozers pushing the product into twin dozer traps that feed the belt conveyor system utilized in transporting the product to the twin shiploaders.
		The petroleum coke is drawn from the twin dozer traps by two 72" wide belt conveyors and transported to a 60" belt conveyor system that feeds the twin shiploader towers approximately 2500 feet from the stockpile.
	www.tgsgroup.com /premcor.htm (651 words)

	CHALLENGES AND ECONOMICS OF USING PETROLEUM COKE FOR POWER GENERATION
		Coke that remains on the drum walls is subsequently cut from the drum with a high pressure water jet.
		Table 1 lists the ultimate analysis and ash properties of petroleum coke used at a major petroleum coke-based plant in the U.S. The major advantages and disadvantages of using petroleum coke as a boiler fuel are discussed in references 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 and summarized in Table 2.
		Petroleum coke can be used as either a primary or a secondary fuel in a new grassroots plant or for co-firing in an existing coal-fired power plant.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/default/tech_papers/17th_congress/1_2_26.asp (5077 words)

	Groundbed accessories, Metallurgical coke and calcined petroleum coke
		Metallurgical coke and calcined petroleum coke are the two types used in cathodic protection.
		Coke backfill, prepared from calcinated petroleum coke, has been properly developed to meet all the basic requirements for an earth contact backfill.
		Coke backfill will be shipped in bags, each bag weighing 20 kg, 25 kg or 50 kg.
	www.sss-kt.de /Seite-63.html (296 words)

	Energy Outlook
		At the same time that this higher quality, coal-derived coke for steel production is becoming pricier, the world is being glutted with lower quality coke derived from petroleum, much of it produced in the US and Venezuela.
		Petroleum coke (petcoke) is the byproduct of upgrading heavy oil into lighter oil, as done in a number of projects in Venezuela, or turning the heavy, tarry residue of petroleum refining into more valuable, lighter products, such as diesel fuel.
		But petcoke is an ideal source of carbon for the gasification process, in which low value, high carbon materials such as coal, coke, or residual fuel are converted into a so-called synthesis gas, resembling very low-grade natural gas.
	energyoutlook.blogspot.com /2004/03/making-lemonade-recent-article-on.html (531 words)

	PeTroCoke: Savings Alternative to Natural Gas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During the grinding process, the coke is dried to increase its BTU value.
		The coal handling technology was modified to supply petroleum coke as an alternative fuel for lime kilns.
		Petroleum coke, unlike coal, is a very stable and safe pulverized fuel.
	www.petrocoke.com /about.html (450 words)

	Market of Petroleum coke in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A retarded coking unit UZK 21-10/3M was commissioned in 1971 and was reconstructed in 1982.
		APC petroleum coke is supplied to Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk aluminium plants (owned by Rusal), as well as to Novosibirsk electrode plant.
		As seen from the Table, the greatest country-supplier of petroleum coke to Russia remains China, to which, in 2002, 76% of Russian imports of calcined coke and 41.6% of Russian imports of green coke fell.
	www.infomine.ru /eng/produc/oil/pcoke.shtml (1498 words)

	Petroleum Products Information Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Petroleum products fall into three major categories: fuels such as motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil (diesel fuel); finished nonfuel products such as solvents and lubricating oils; and feedstocks for the petrochemical industry such as naphtha and various refinery gases.
		While petroleum will undoubtedly remain the Nation's leading energy source for some time, the need to balance environmental, economic, and energy security objectives has led policy-makers and planners to seek means of diversifying the sources and reducing the role of this resource in our overall energy supply.
		Petroleum coke can be used as a relatively low-ash solid fuel for power plants and industrial use (marketable coke) if its sulfur content is low enough, or used in nonfuel applications (catalyst coke), such as in refinery operations.
	www.eia.doe.gov /neic/infosheets/petroleumproducts.htm (2280 words)

	Petroleum coke - Roskill Metals and Minerals Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		World demand for petroleum coke is expected to rise mainly due to increasing oil production and consumption, decreasing quality of crude oil feedstocks, and higher demand for gasoline and other transportation feeds.
		Globally, around 75% of petroleum coke output is burned as a fuel: in North America, around 90% of coke used in the energy sector is catalyst coke that is burned as a fuel in its host refinery.
		By far the biggest national producer of petroleum coke is the USA, which accounts for 61% of global output and 51% of capacity.
	www.roskill.com /reports/petroleum (572 words)

	Asbury Carbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Calcined needle coke is a variety of petroleum coke (see section on petroleum coke for a basic introduction to PC manufacturing).
		The term Â“needleÂ” is used to describe the acicular morphology of the coke since it tends to form oriented needle-like structures that are clearly visible to the naked eye.
		Calcined needle coke is typically higher in carbon and lower in ash constituents, such as sulfur and metals, than standard calcined petroleum coke.
	www.asbury.com /Materials_Detail.cfm?mid=36 (259 words)

	Oxbow Corporation
		Oxbow is the largest distributor of petroleum coke in North America with annual shipments of nearly 11 million tons.
		Petroleum coke or “pet coke” is a solid high carbon material that is produced as a by-product of the oil refining process.
		Unlike petroleum coke which emanates from the oil refining process, metallurgical coke is derived from coal.
	www.oxbow.com /ContentPage.asp?FN=ProductsCarbonProducts&TS=3&MS=19 (542 words)

	DRDB: AVAQMD 1158 STORAGE, HANDLING, AND TRANS. OF PET. COKE
		The purpose of this rule is to reduce the potential of a public nuisance being generated by the emissions of airborne particulates from the storage, handling, and transport of petroleum coke.
		Petroleum Coke is the solid carbonaceous residue remaining after all cracking and distillation of a petroleum refining operation.
		(iii) Mobile coke carrier details consisting of the type, size and maximum daily number of trucks; a description of the roadways used to transport the coke from the coke source to the facility to final destination, and the mitigation measures employed to contain the coke within open bed trucks.
	www.arb.ca.gov /drdb/av/suphtml/curhtml_s_1-15-02/r1158.htm (1091 words)

	Petroleum coke calcining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Petroleum coke calcining is taking anode grade green coke from the oil refining process and converting it to almost pure carbon, with a defined structure.
		The calcined coke is used to produce carbon anodes for the aluminum industry.
		The petroleum green coke is feed directly into a rotary kiln where the volatiles are driven off during the calcining process.
	www.metsominerals.com /inetMinerals/mm_pyro.nsf/PrintView/F0C6CF4FE8F84146C2256F4E003C219A?OpenDocument (129 words)

	PeTroCoke: Coke Storage and Delivery Schematic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Petroleum coke is less expensive and is a thermodynamically superior alternative to natural gas.
		A petroleum coke flame is much hotter and more radiant than a natural gas flame.
		Due to the low percentage of volatiles, petroleum coke must be burned in conjunction with natural gas.
	www.petroleumcoke.com /RLhome.html (282 words)

	Petroleum Coke and Titanium Dioxide ( TiO2 ) Market Trends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Key trends in the petroleum coke, titanium minerals and pigments industries worldwide are analysed in these reports.
		The Economics of Petroleum Coke (4th edition, 2003) predicts a rise in coke output from 83 million tonnes in 1991 up to 88 million tonnes by the end of 2005.
		The USA is the largest national producer of coke by far, accounting for 61% of global output and 51% of capacity.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1908 (394 words)

	"Other" Petroleum Products Demand Model Description
		Petrochemical feedstocks are derived from petroleum for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
		Petroleum coke is a by-product of the upgrading of the heaviest petroleum fractions (e.g., residual fuel oil) to more valuable lighter products in Coking units.
		Petroleum coke is produced as either sponge coke, needle coke, or fluid coke which vary primarily by particle size.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/steo/pub/document/textmi.html (969 words)

	Petroleum Products
		Petroleum products are any oil-based products which can be obtained by distillation and are normally used outside the refining industry.
		Petroleum coke is defined as a fl solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising of residue feedstocks, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking.
		This category also includes "catalyst coke" deposited on the catalyst during refining processes: this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as refinery fuel.
	www.iea.org /Textbase/stats/defs/sources/petrol.htm (1037 words)

	Calcined petroleum coke,GIL
		The feed-stocks (raw petroleum coke) are derived from the distillation of petroleum crude in delayed cokers.
		Raw petroleum coke is a hard brittle substance, shiny and oily in appearance, very rich in fixed carbon with a very low ash content.
		Calcination consists of heating raw petroleum coke to rid it of volatiles causing it to shrink to obtain dense and strong particles.
	www.graphiteindia.com /ccc.htm (228 words)

	Another Record Year for Calcined Petroleum Coke Exports
		Calcined petroleum coke is used in the aluminum smelting process.
		The calcined petroleum coke export facility at the Port of Longview’s Berth 5 is owned by BP West Coast Products and operated by the Port.
		BP sends shipments of calcined petroleum coke on Burlington Northern rail cars from its Cherry Point, Washington refinery to Berth 5 where the coke is discharged daily into 40,000 ton capacity silos.
	www.portoflongview.com /page.asp?view=2811 (321 words)

	World Of Coke
		Coke is a fuel with few impurities and a high carbon content and it is used when purity and high carbon content is desired.
		Coke is made in brick furnaces with bituminous coal as the source.
		Petroleum coke is the solid residue left over in the cracking process in oil refinement.
	www.ustimes.com /WorldOfCoke (808 words)

	MPC - Products & Services >> Products
		Petroleum coke is a solid material and a byproduct of the coking unit which is a residual fuel upgrader.
		Cokes produced from sour crude oil are high in sulfur and trace metals.
		Cokes produced from sweet crude oil can have properties that are suitable for calcining and end up being used for carbon anodes for aluminum smelting and electrodes for electric arc furnaces.
	www.mapllc.com /products/miscellaneous/petro_coke.html (175 words)

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