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Topic: Petroleum diesel

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	Biodiesel article - Biodiesel petroleum diesel renewable vegetable oils animal fats algae - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Biodiesel is non-flammable, and in contrast to petroleum diesel it is non-explosive, with a flash point of 150°C for biodiesel as compared to 64°C for petrodiesel.
		Biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum diesel at any concentration in most modern engines, although it has the disadvantage of degrading rubber gaskets and hoses in older vehicles (prior to 1992).
		In the comparison petroleum diesel fuel is found to have a 0.843 energy yield, along with 0.805 for petroleum gasoline, and 1.34 for bioethanol.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Biodiesel (3028 words)

	Biodiesel - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is however, most often used as an additive to petroleum diesel, improving the lubricity lacking in pure ultra low sulfur petrodiesel fuel.
		Biodiesel is non-flammable, and in contrast to petroleum diesel it is non-explosive (with a flash point of 150°C for biodiesel as compared to 64°C for petrodiesel), biodegradable, non-toxic, and significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned as a fuel.
		A comparison to petroleum diesel, petroleum gasoline and bioethanol using the USDA numbers can be found at the Minnesota Department of Agriculture website.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /b/bi/biodiesel.html (2483 words)

	Axens : distillate petroleum diesel HDS desulfurization system biodesulfurization hydrodesulfurization refinery ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Critical properties to reduce diesel distillate petroleum distillate petroleum have been widely debated during the last hydrotreatment distillate petroleum diesel desulfurization product gasoline desulfurization was acceptable, the subject of liquid and gas distribution and mixing received less diesel hydrotreater diesel oil desulphurisation unit operation.
		Meanwhile, although the gas oil hydrodesulfurization has limited diesel sulfur to 50 ppm by 2005, most European refiners consider that there distillate petroleum be a strong demand for 10 ppm S diesel desulfurization the 2009 target.
		diesel oil desulphurisation change out means lost on-stream time distillate petroleum additional logistics and service requirements fuel sulfur reduction unload and ship end-of-cycle catalysts and to load and activate new catalysts.
	www.axens.net /hydrotreatment/distillate_petroleum.htm (1040 words)

	Alternative Fuels Can Effectivlly Replace Petroleum
		Diesel’s first engine experiments were huge failures, but by the time he showed his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, his engine was running on 100% peanut oil.
		In 1911 he stated “The diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oils, and would help considerably in the development of agriculture of the countries which use it.” In 1912, Diesel said, “The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today.
		It is a safe and effective petroleum substitute, and is widely praised by lawmakers, agricultural groups and clean-air advocates as a way to reduce the nation's dependence on foreign energy sources, increase the value of crops grown to produce Biodiesel and reduce vehicle emissions.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/feb/article353.html (1996 words)

	Doctor Diesel
		Diesel combines very high energy and relatively low cost and thus, is a leader in energy values.
		While crude oil is limited in supply worldwide, petroleum diesel does give high yields during refining and thus, requires less of the world's scarce crude oil.
		Modern diesel engines, furnaces, generators, and water heaters are extremely clean burning and totally unlike their smoke belching predecessors.
	www.doctordiesel.com (522 words)

	UNH Biodiesel Group
		The environmental problems of petroleum have finally been surpassed by the strategic weakness of being dependent on a fuel that can only be purchased from tyrants.
		Now, biodiesel is about 5-8% less energy dense than petroleum diesel, but its greater lubricity and more complete combustion offset that somewhat, leading to an overall fuel efficiency about 2% less than petroleum diesel.
		Enough biodiesel to replace all petroleum transportation fuels could be grown in 15,000 square miles, or roughly 12.5 percent of the area of the Sonora desert (note for clarification - I am not advocating putting 15,000 square miles of algae ponds in the Sonora desert.
	www.unh.edu /p2/biodiesel/article_alge.html (4379 words)

	Puget Sound Clean Cities Coalition Biodiesel
		Biodiesel acts like petroleum diesel, but produces significantly less air pollution, is renewable, is biodegradable and is safe for the environment.
		In contrast, petroleum diesel yields 0.83 units of fuel energy for each unit of fossil energy consumed, meaning that diesel requires more energy to produce than is generated by the diesel fuel.
		Biodiesel can result in more nonhazardous waste than petroleum diesel, most of which results from the crushing stage of the life cycle in which the feedstock, such as soybeans, is crushed to remove the oils.
	www.pugetsoundcleancities.org /Biodiesel1.htm (1958 words)

	Biodiesel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This engine stood as an example of Diesel's vision because it was powered by (Widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground) peanut oil—a biofuel, though not strictly biodiesel, since it was not transesterified.
		It is mixed to the proportion of 5% into regular (A heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines) diesel fuel, and to the proportion of 30% into the diesel fuel used by some captive fleets ((Click link for more info and facts about public transportation) public transportation).
		A comparison to petroleum diesel, petroleum gasoline and (Click link for more info and facts about bioethanol) bioethanol using the USDA numbers can be found at the.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/biodiesel.htm (3402 words)

	Summary- Lifecycle
		Petroleum imports are at record levels in the United States, and will continue to rise as domestic oil supplies shrink.
		A 20% blend of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B20) causes the life cycle consumption of petroleum to drop 19%.
		Displacing petroleum diesel with biodiesel in urban buses is an extremely effective strategy for reducing CO emissions.
	www.local23.org /biodiesel/lifecyclesummary.htm (1843 words)

	Willie Nelson's Biodiesel - Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Biodiesel and even petroleum diesel that has been blended with biodiesel is safer to store, handle and use than conventional diesel fuel.
		When the sulfur present in diesel fuel is combusted by the engine, it results in the fl smoke and high emission levels in the exhaust plume.
		Particulate emissions from conventional diesel engines are generally divided into three components and are in varying degree responsible for the fl cloud emanating from a diesel powered vehicles exhaust tail pipe.
	www.wnbiodiesel.com /products.html (2521 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions
		Diesel fuel is derived from light virgin gas oil that is produced from the distillation of crude oil.
		Highway diesel fuel marketed as complying with the 500-ppm sulfur standard must be segregated from 15-ppm fuel in the distribution system, and may only be used in pre 2007 model year heavy-duty vehicles.
		Alternative diesel fuel formulations that the producer has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the executive director, through emissions and performance testing, as achieving comparable or better reductions in emissions of oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter may be used to satisfy the requirements.
	www.distributiondrive.com /FAQ.html (6363 words)

	All about BioDiesel
		Today's modern diesels have made huge strides by using very high pressure fuel injectors to be sure the fuel is burned completely and cleanly.
		Diesels reward this little purring sound by providing excellent fuel economy (up to 30% higher), great longevity (engines routinely last 250,000 miles) and excellent torque (the power you need to pull smoothly up a freeway ramp, pass another car or tow a load).
		Diesel fuel itself is "#2 diesel" in the summer and often a blend of 40% #1 diesel (kerosene) and 60 % #2 diesel for winter diesel fuel use.
	www.itsgood4.us /biodiesel.htm (5197 words)

	Biodiesel.org - FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Biodiesel blends are denoted as, "BXX" with "XX" representing the percentage of biodiesel contained in the blend (ie: B20 is 20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel).
		B20 (a blend of 20 percent by volume biodiesel with 80 percent by volume petroleum diesel) has demonstrated significant environmental benefits with a minimum increase in cost for fleet operations and other consumers.
		The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel.
	www.biodiesel.org /resources/faqs (1109 words)

	ipedia.com: Biodiesel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum -based diesel fuel made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or algae.
		Some environmental groups, notably NRDC object to the vast amount of farming and the resulting over-fertilization, pesticide use, and land use conversion that would be needed to produce the addiional vegetable oil.
		While waste vegetable oil is touted by many as the best source of oil to produce biodiesel, the available supply is drastically less than the amount of petroleum diesel or gasoline that is burned for transportation and home heating in the world.
	www.ipedia.com /biodiesel.html (3021 words)

	All About Biodiesel
		Diesel engines used by medium and heavy duty government fleets consume significantly greater quantities of fuel than the light duty passenger vehicles that comprise the majority of the current EPACT fleets.
		Lubricity results of biodiesel and petroleum diesel using industry test methods indicate that there is a marked improvement in lubricity when biodiesel is added to conventional diesel fuel.
		These petroleum companies, and others are evaluating the expansion of their product lines to include B20 and market the alternative fuel to their network of customers through their terminal and distributor systems.
	www.utahbiodiesel.org /biodiesel_geninfo.html (6269 words)

	Biodiesel As a Renewable Energy Source: A New Direction? \| American International Automobile Dealers \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diesel engines supply the muscle in city buses, construction equipment, school buses, over-the-road tractor trailers, farm equipment, stand- alone generators, a large contingent of pickup trucks and a myriad of delivery vehicles.
		Thus B2 is 2 percent biodiesel and 98 percent petroleum diesel, B10 is 10 percent biodiesel and 90 percent petroleum diesel, and BlOO is 100 percent biodiesel.
		The fuel mileage is approximately the same between B 20 and petroleum diesel.
	www.aiada.org /article.asp?id=22333&cat=Hybrid (2923 words)

	Why Biodiesel
		Because biodiesel can replace or blend with petroleum diesel without engine modifications, it is a viable alternative to several categories of the marine industry, including: recreational boats, inland commercial and ocean-going commercial ships, research vessels and the U.S. Coast Guard Fleet.
		Biodiesel blended as low as a 2% rate with low sulfer or ultra-low sulfer petroleum diesel increases lubricity to traditional high sulfur diesel fuel levels.
		The goal of the biodiesel industry is not to replace petroleum diesel, but to extend its usefulness.
	www.biodiesel.com /why_biodiesel.htm (764 words)

	Biodiesel.org - Biodiesel 101 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend.
		Biodiesel is better for the environment because it is made from renewable resources and has lower emissions compared to petroleum diesel.
		It can be purchased directly from biodiesel producers and marketers, petroleum distributors, or at a handful of public pumps throughout the nation.
	www.biodiesel.org /resources/biodiesel_basics/default.shtm (447 words)

	Biodiesel Fuel
		Unlike petroleum diesel, biodiesel is a renewable resource, and it creates less pollution than petroleum diesel.
		This ratio of biodiesel to petroleum diesel is commonly used.
		Clogging occurs most often when biodiesel is first used after a period of operation with petroleum diesel, so filters should be changed after the first several hours of biodiesel use.
	www.cpast.org /Articles/fetch.adp?topicnum=61 (875 words)

	Bio-Diesel
		Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled cooking oils.
		Biodiesel is typically produced through the reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield glycerin and biodiesel (chemically called methyl or ethyl esters).
		Enough biodiesel to replace all petroleum transportation fuels could be grown in 11,000 square miles, or roughly nine percent of the area of the Sonora desert.
	www.green-trust.org /biodiesel.htm (3784 words)

	Biodiesel Basics
		Diesel demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 using peanut oil as fuel.
		Today’s diesel engines require a clean-burning, stable fuel that performs well under a variety of operating conditions.
		On average, B20 vehicles will displace more petroleum than existing light-duty EPACT passenger vehicles operating on higher blend levels because medium and heavy duty diesel engine vehicles consume substantially greater volumes of fuel than light-duty passenger vehicles.
	www.utahbiodiesel.org /biodiesel_basics.html (6260 words)

	Vintage diesels high quality-related and discount Vintage diesel items for sale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diesel vintage fade jeans ladies new 26 4/5 diesel vintage fade
		Nwt diesel vintage fanker jeans, sz 26, $170+val!!
		Diesel straight leg vintage jeans new nwot size 7/8 diesel
	www.thingsthatstartwithv.com /vintage_diesel.html (418 words)

	Energy Balance/Life Cycle Inventory for Ethanol
		In other words the energy yield of ethanol is (1.34/0.74) or 81 percent greater than the comparable yield for gasoline.
		A similar study was co-sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and the USDA, entitled, "Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus."
		Another consideration discussed in the 2002 net energy report relates to the specific demand for liquid fuels and the relative abundance of energy sources used to make these renewable fuels.
	www.mda.state.mn.us /ethanol/balance.html (449 words)

	Petroleum Diesel Fuel - Osco Incorporated
		OSCO, Incorporated is a petroleum distributor for the Metro-Chicago area.
		For over forty years we have been supplying the construction, transportation, and manufacturing industries.
		Visit the following sites for more detailed information on products and services
	www.oscooil.com (168 words)

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