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Topic: Petroleum ether

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Naphtha

Ether

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Diethyl ether

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Crown ether

Toluene

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	Discussion
		It may be that the separation of the second droplet is influenced by the fact that ether has a lower surface tension in comparison to water that causes separation even at the low heights at which the ether drops were conducted.
		The only differences were: (1) the column of ether rises lower than the milk into ether drop column, (2) some of the colored water was trapped inside the column, and (3) the original droplet water droplet often separates into multiple drops when descending through the liquid.
		The ether was then thrown back up into the air in a thin stream as a result of the restoring force of the surface tension from the water; the original ether droplet fragmented into tiny droplets.
	courses.ncssm.edu /hsi/class2001/dualliquids/discussion.htm (1055 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Ether
		Ethers are particularly prone to formation of dangerous peroxides.
		The term "petroleum ether" is an old term used to refer to a mixture of hydrocarbons with a specific boiling point range.
		Many ethers (such as diethyl ether) are highly volatile and flammable.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/ether.html (512 words)

	Ether Summary
		Ether is most commonly manufactured using the process previously described, this manufacturing process was first devised in the early nineteenth century by Alexander Williamson (1824-1904).
		Ether, sometimes spelled aether, is a hypothetical substance once thought to fill all of empty space and act as a medium for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
		Ethers are hydrolyzed only under drastic conditions like heating with boron tribromide or boiling in hydrobromic acid.
	www.bookrags.com /Ether (2270 words)

	petroleum - Ask.com Web Search
		Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil) or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold or "Texas Tea", is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		Petroleum exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust.
		Petroleum is called a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form.
	search.ask.com /web?q=petroleum (282 words)

	Mikhail Tswett
		Alcohol-petroleum ether solutions of chlorophyll were digested in a flask with several strips of filter paper and the solvent was distilled off in a vacuum; by this treatment the pigment was taken up by the paper.
		If the petroleum ether chlorophyll solution was then shaken with the adsorptive material, the latter carried down the pigment, and with a certain excess of this, only the carotin remained in solution, escaping adsorption.
		If the petroleum ether solution of the chlorophyll was treated with the adsorption material not in excess, but in portions until the fluorescence vanished, then along with the carotin the xanthophylls also remained in solution.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~GIUNTA/tswett.html (2227 words)

	8. Crude Fat (Ether Extract) in Forages
		Both the ether and the samples must be free of moisture to avoid coextraction of water-soluble components in the sample such as carbohydrates, urea, lactic acid, glycerol, etc. If water-soluble components are present in large amounts in the sample, they are washed out of the sample prior to drying.
		Low temperatures are used to evaporate the ether and remove residual moisture to prevent oxidation of the fat.
		Petroleum ether does not dissolve all of the plant lipid material, and therefore it cannot be substituted for diethyl ether.
	www.foragetesting.org /lab_procedure/sectionC/part8.0.htm (1214 words)

	Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory (MSCL) Laboratory Methods
		A final acetone/petroleum ether extraction is done, and the extracts are combined, centrifuged, and transferred to a separatory funnel containing sufficient water to facilitate partitioning of residues into petroleum ether portion.
		The aqueous portion is extracted with petroleum ether and the combined ether extracts are washed twice with water and concentrated by Kuderna-Danish to appropriate volume for transfer.
		A final acetone/petroleum ether extraction is done, and the extracts are combined, centrifuged, and transferred to a separatory unnel containing sufficient water to facilitate partitioning of residues into petroleum ether portion.
	www.fws.gov /chemistry/methods_mscl_lab.htm (13426 words)

	NIOSH Latent Print Processes Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because of this, airborne concentrations of petroleum ether were measured in the lab and at the crime scene when the specialists used the ninhydrin method.
		Results of petroleum ether air sampling in the laboratory indicate that the exhaust hoods effectively removed airborne contaminants from the lab and from the breathing zone of the fingerprint specialist.
		As with the petroleum ether results, the highest airborne concentration of iodine was measured in the laboratory exhaust hood.
	www.onin.com /fp/2456/niosh2456.html (8012 words)

	Fire and Arson Accelerants
		A colorless, flammable liquid which is miscible in water, ether, and alcohol and having a pleasant odor.
		Mineral spirits are midrange petroleum distillates ranging from C8 to C12 which is present in many paint thinners, oil base stains, dry cleaning solvents, and some brands of charcoal starter fluids.
		Xylene is isolated from crude wood distillate or obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum or coal tar.
	www.interfire.org /res_file/aec_20ig.asp (1484 words)

	" Hash Oil At Home - A Connoisseur's Guide To Home Oil Extraction "
		Petroleum ether is very similar to the components of gasoline and must be treated with the exact same care.
		You must be extremely careful when you use petroleum ether for it is very flammable and can explode if the vapors are heated in a closed system (we will have more on that later).
		After you have put the petroleum ether back in the refrigerator, connect the flask that was just filled to the bottom of the condenser.
	www.onlinepot.org /hash/hashoilathome.htm (3104 words)

	Erowid Petroleum Ether Vault (Naptha, Petroleum Spirits, Benzine, Ligroin)
		Petroleum Ether is the name for the volatile fraction of petroleum distillates (derivatives) that are used primarily as a non-polar solvent in chemical and industrial applications.
		It is often confused with Di-Ethyl Ether and the other 'organic' ether compounds, but the two should not be confused.
		Petroleum ether fumes are sometimes inhaled as an intoxicant, but its use is considered extremely dangerous.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/petroleum_ether (91 words)

	CHEM 223 LAB Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Infrared Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The petroleum ether layer will be removed, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and partially evaporated to obtain a reasonably clean preparation of menthol, menthyl acetate, and menthone.
		Allow the petroleum ether extract to sit for 2-4 minutes while the residual water is removed from the organic phase.
		The menthol in the artificial extract can be converted to mentyl acetate by evaporating the petroleum ether and adding 10 drops of acetic anhydride to the extract and allowing it to react for a few minutes.
	faculty.maryvillecollege.edu /bunde/extrac.html (1603 words)

	Oxidation of Fluorene and Column Chromatography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If necessary, recycle the petroleum ether that drains to transfer the silica gel to form a 18-20 cm column.
		Pour 10 mL of recycled petroleum ether then 10 mL of fresh petroleum ether down the sides of the tube so as not to cut channels in the silica gel stationary phase.
		Fraction 3 is eluted with 1:1 petroleum ether:chloroform, and fraction 4 and 5 are eluted with pure chloroform.
	science.csustan.edu /stone/3022/ColumnChromatography.htm (1229 words)

	seekful.com - Ether
		Ether is a volatile liquid thats vapors >...
		To deny the Ether is ultimately to assume that empty space >...
		< Ether of the general theory of relativity as opposed to the Ether of >...
	www.seekful.com /indx.cfm?q=Ether (190 words)

	Asphaltene
		The investigation of the chemical constitution of petroleum heavy fractions such as resins and asphaltenes is hindered by their complex nature.
		S ince asphaltogenic compounds are present in petroleum in insignificant quantities, resins and asphaltenes are most important compounds of petroleum.
		For petroleum asphaltenes, in general, the stacking is circa five layers as found by x-ray diffraction.
	tigger.uic.edu /~mansoori/Asphaltene.Molecule_html (1328 words)

	PETROLEUM ETHER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Petroleum Ether of varying boiling point ranges from 20 to 75C (68 to 167F)
		The names petroleum ether, ligroin and hexanes refer to a mixture of alkanes with different boiling points ranges.
		Petroleum ether has a boiling point range of 35-60
	acad.udallas.edu /chemdept/hendrickson/MSDS/petroleum_ether.htm (389 words)

	Ether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ether molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds among each other, resulting in a relatively low boiling point comparable to that of the analogous alcohols.
		Ethers also coordinate to magnesium in Grignard reagents (RMgBr).
		Ethers can be prepared in the laboratory in several different ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ether (831 words)

	Oxidation of Fluorene and Column Chromatography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Insert a splinter in the flask and evaporate the ether on the steam bath.
		Remove the splinter as soon as there is no longer a danger of the ether bumping.
		Note: Petroleum ether and diethyl are not the same--do not substitute one for the other!
	science.csustan.edu /stone/3022/Fluorenone.htm (1392 words)

	Petroleum Ether (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Petroleum ether is a very volatile, very dagerous substance - much more flammable than gasoline.
		Simply having it in your home is a risk, as most people (and I assume you) do not own a proper, ventilated safety cabinet.
		Tick: No. Tuun-La: Then no. ================================= You might be able to get a little petroleum* ether from gasoline, but gasoline is the petroleum fraction AFTER petroleum ether - that is, petroleum ether is the fraction that is more volatile than gasoline.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem99/chem99515.htm (283 words)

	obtaining petroleum ether - Science Forums
		Anyway, this may sound like an odd question, but can one get petroleum ether from a local commercial outlet, or is there a lot of restriction to obtaining it?
		petroleum ether is actualy a Range of Hydro carbons, and yes, this is the correct thread :)
		There is a compound, called petroleum ether and it is not naphta.
	www.scienceforums.net /forum/showthread.php?t=20392 (812 words)

	Ether Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier, Directory, China, Taiwan, Factory, Ether, Product, Catalog
		We have a broad range of Ether manufacturers, exporters and suppliers source and trade services, which can be searched by this comprehensive vertical web portal.
		We are a professional manufacuturer, supplier and exporter of¡°Changshi¡± brand chemical agent and medicine intermediate raw material, absolute ethyl alcohol,technical aether, ethyl ether absolute,petroleum ether and boron trifluoride aether.
		This latest updated page highlights pre-qualified Ether manufacturers, exporters and suppliers with a factory located in China and Taiwan, which is broadcasted online by China Suppliers Directory - the sophisticated B2B directory covering useful Ether market information and Ether trade services displayed to its full extent by product photos and manufacturer background introductions.
	www.china-suppliers.org /product_html/Ether.html (319 words)

	Search Results for- Petroleum Ether: Petroleum Ether - Cole-Parmer Catalog
		Petroleum ether, boiling range 40-60°C, ECD tested halocarbons free grade (1l)
		Petroleum ether, boiling range 40-60°C, ECD tested lindane/DDT<5ng/l, res.
		Petroleum ether, boiling range 40-60°C, tested for trace anal.of polyarom.hydrocarb.
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/product_index.asp?cls=23385 (97 words)

	Petroleum Ether
		An ether is a compound that has a C-O-C connection.
		Pet ether is actually a mixture of hydrocarbons.
		Pet ether is used as a solvent and can be obtained from any chemical supplier (Aldrich, Fisher, VWR, EM).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem99/chem99070.htm (101 words)

	Petroleum - definition from Biology-Online.org
		It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties.
		It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170 deg Fahr, or below.
		The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Petroleum (214 words)

	petroleum ether (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The chapter consultation team members* generated a comprehensive list petroleum ether strategies and created a priority list of interventions for review based on their perception of petroleum ether importance and the extent to which the interventions were practiced in the United petroleum ether** Time and resource constraints.
		The remaining 166 studies were considered qualifying studies.** The petroleum ether** Task Force evaluations in this report are based on these qualifying studies, all of which had good or fair execution.
		On the basis of the evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force either strongly recommended or recommended petroleum ether of the 14 petroleum ether evaluated (Table 2).
	petroleum-news.twwer.info.cob-web.org:8888 /petroleum-ether.html (240 words)

	Reagents - Petroleum Ether
		The remainder is for the Air Shipper packaging that is required for handling the material.
		Please note an additional $25 hazardous materials and handling charge is added per package for Ground shipping and $42 per package for Air shipments ($30 for the hazard charge and $12 for the Air Shipper Packaging material required).
		Petroleum Ether, Ligroin, Reagent, ACS, Metal Drum, 55 Gallons - Single Unit
	www.chemassociates.com /shopsite/Chemassoc2/PAS-petroleumether.html (415 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for petroleum ether
		Click here for data on petroleum ether in student-friendly format, from the HSci project
		Synonyms: amsco H-J, Amsco H-SB, Benzin B70, hi-flash naphtha, hydrotreated naphtha, rubber solvent, super vmp, pet ether, ligroine, petroleum spirits, petroleum naptha, benzin, petroleum benzine, petroleum spirit x-y C (in which x-y denotes the range over which the material boils)
		Typically samples contain predominantly n-pentane and hexane, with small amounts of methylpentane, cyclopentane, dimethylbutane and other short chain hydrocarbons.
	ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/PE/petroleum_ether.html (398 words)

	Petroleum Ether CAS 8032-32-4 Suppliers & Manufacturers, Price
		Petroleum Ether CAS 8032-32-4 Suppliers and Manufacturers, Price
		Jiangsu, China Jiangdu Lida Chemical Combination Industry Co., Ltd. is a producer of carboxyl styrene-butadiene latex, water-based compound adhesives and organic chemicals.
		1 to 1 of 1 petroleum ether suppliers
	www.chemicalregister.com /Petroleum_Ether/Suppliers/pid10695.htm (91 words)

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