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Topic: Petroleum industry

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	Petroleum industry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum is often considered the lifeblood of nearly all other industry, if not industrialized civilization itself and thus is a highly prominent and critical concern for many nations.
		When the whaling industry hunted the sperm whale almost to extinction and the Industrial Revolution needed a fuel to run generators and engines, a new source of energy was needed.
		Petroleum is a non-renewable natural resource and the industry is faced with the spectre of the inevitable eventual depletion of the world's oil supply.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_industry (508 words)

	Petroleum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold or "Texas Tea", is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		In the 8th century, the streets of the newly-constructed Baghdad were paved with tar, derived from easily-accessible petroleum from natural fields in the region.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petroleum (4465 words)

	Petroleum Reserves & Resources Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Petroleum is the world's major source of energy and is a key factor in the continued development of world economies.
		To achieve such an assessment, it is imperative that the industry adopt a consistent nomenclature for assessing the current and future quantities of petroleum expected to be recovered from naturally occurring underground accumulations.
		Petroleum: For the purpose of these definitions, the term petroleum refers to naturally occurring liquids and gases which are predominately comprised of hydrocarbon compounds.
	www.spe.org /spe/jsp/basic/0,,1104_1008242,00.html (1298 words)

	Welcome to the Petroleum Industry Analysis Brief Web Site
		Before petroleum can be used it is sent to a refinery where it is physically, thermally, and chemically separated into fractions and then converted into finished products.
		The broad Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for refining is SIC 29; oil and gas exploration falls under SIC 13.
		Distillation, thermal and catalytic cracking, and reforming and alkylation are the workhorses of the industry.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/mecs/iab/petroleum (286 words)

	Petroleum Industry Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The petroleum industry is an extremely important sector of California's local and global economy.
		Petroleum extraction is an extremely energy intensive process, which uses about 3,700GWh of electricity yearly this is about 1.5% of all electricity consumed by the state.
		Petroleum refining is the number one consumer of energy in California's manufacturing sector.
	www.energy.ca.gov /pier/iaw/industry/petro.html (1038 words)

	oildirectory.com - Industry Services - Industry Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers is the voice of the upstream producing sector of the petroleum industry.
		The vision of the CPSC is to establish the petroleum industry as a leader in safety performance among all industries.
		The Independent Petroleum Association of America is dedicated to ensuring a strong, viable domestic oil and natural gas industry, recognizing that an adequate and secure supply of energy is essential to the national economy.
	www.oildirectory.com /industrylinks_results.asp?ID=4 (587 words)

	Petroleum and the Birth of an Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Silliman concluded petroleum was "a raw material from which...they may manufacture a very valuable product" (Tarbell I 275) Silliman's report marked petroleum as the answer to the illumination fuel crisis.
		Rockefeller, believing the success of the petroleum industry was just the beginning, sold his stock in the produce house and put his full interest into the firm of Rockefeller and Andrews (Tarbell I 42).
		Scientifically, petroleum was found to have favorable characteristics, and the sciences of drilling and refining oil were born.
	www.che.utexas.edu /~kenneth/petrol (3290 words)

	GIS and Petroleum Industry
		This is true for many other industries but the petroleum companies have been (comparatively) expeditious in the employment of appropriate GIS technologies to effectively manage these data and use them to better understand and plan their critical business processes.
		As of today, most major petroleum organizations are involved in varying programs of data consolidation, compression and conversion, in order to more cost effectively and efficiently manage their integrated information archives.
		The integration of GIS into the current business model of petroleum industry is not an easy process, and requires through understanding of the detail requirements and practices of the Petroleum companies.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/miscellaneous/misc029b.htm (912 words)

	Vanguard - Law & Human Rights: Physical Planning and the Petroleum Industry: Nigeria’s Legislation in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Its aim is to communicate the extent to which the institutions, with the principal responsibility for regulating activities of the petroleum industry, have been able to effectively link with other critical stakeholders such as town planners and to pass judgment as may be necessary on the needs for change within these institutions.
		In the development of the rhetoric required to actualize the potential for physical planning practice, petroleum industry practice and sustainable development to be mutually supportive, it is to be expected that the respective stakeholders will want to press for change in ways they deem best.
		Petroleum legislation can be defined as referring to all legislation specifically designed for the purpose of regulating petroleum operation, including legislation concerning construction and operation of oil installations and pipelines, methods of working and the health and safety of workers.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/features/law/law425112005.html (5210 words)

	THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
		He was also a member of the American Petroleum Institute, the Industrial Councilor for the University of Oklahoma Research Institute, and chairman of the board of the Texas Technological College Foundation (1957).
		He was the director and organizer of the Abilene Petroleum Club and a member of the executive committee of the West-Central Texas Oil and Gas Association.
		Consists of family photos of the Thompson family and of the petroleum industry in Mitchell County, Texas (1920).
	swco.ttu.edu /Reference/Collections/Bibliographies/petroleum.htm (2739 words)

	PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. Chapter 15
		Petroleum prices are controlled not by retail strategies, but by strategies of refiners and suppliers.
		This functional discount, which is standard in the petroleum industry, provides for the cost of a jobber operating his own equipment, trucks, terminal and various distribution activity.
		If major petroleum firms wanted to drive their lessee dealers from the market, they could do so at much less cost simply by not renewing the leases upon expiration.
	www.hawaii.gov /lrb/rpts95/petro/pet15.html (3336 words)

	Petroleum Human Resources Council of Canada - About Us
		Petroleum Human Resources Council of Canada - About Us The Petroleum Human Resources Council of Canada (Petroleum HR Council) is a national, not-for-profit, collaborative forum that addresses human resources issues within the petroleum industry.
		The Petroleum HR Council is a sector council supported by 11 oil and gas national and regional industry organizations, including one union, and represents the key sectors of the petroleum industry in Canada: exploration, development, production, service industries, pipeline transmission,
		The Petroleum HR Council was established through the Sectoral Partnerships Initiative of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.
	www.petrohrsc.ca /english (188 words)

	PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. Chapter 2
		The petroleum industry is becoming more concentrated in the hands of those vertically integrated oil companies having strong crude-oil positions.
		Oligopolies, which are "the most dominant industrial market structure within the nation's economy",73 are not in themselves illegal, so long as new competition is free to enter and compete in the market, and no violation of antitrust laws occurs if the oligopoly simply persists as a result of natural market conditions.
		The PMPA107 was intended to protect gas station franchise owners from arbitrary termination or nonrenewal of their franchises with large oil companies and gasoline distributors, and to remedy the disparity in bargaining power between parties to gasoline franchise contracts.108 That Act, inter alia, specifies the grounds for termination and nonrenewal of a franchise relationship.
	www.hawaii.gov /lrb/rpts95/petro/pet2.html (3190 words)

	Petroleum Refining Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		DOE Petroleum Refining Industry Overview - The DOE has prepared an overview of recent trends and future prospects in the United States and abroad for petroleum refining.
		National Petroleum Council (NPC) - The NPC is chartered by the Secretary of Energy and its mission is to advise, inform, and make recommendations to the Secretary of Energy on various issues concerning oil and natural gas and affiliated industries, with the exception of trade.
		Petroleum Industry Data Exchange (PIDX) - The PIDX mission is to educate and encourage energy industry companies, customers, suppliers, and other trading partners to apply resources towards the effective implementation and utilization of EDI and other related technologies.
	es.epa.gov /cooperative/topics/petroleum.html (1727 words)

	Petroleum Sector - Compliance Assistance - U.S. EPA
		The petroleum sector covers the petroleum refining industry which includes the production of petroleum products through distillation and fraction of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished derivations, cracking or other processes.
		The Department of Commerce formerly classified this industry under the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code 29; the sector is now classified under the 1997 North American Industry Classification System
		The Profile of the Petroleum Refining Industry and the Profile of the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry Sector Notebooks are plain language booklets that describe environmental problems associated with major U.S. industries.
	www.epa.gov /compliance/assistance/sectors/petroleum.html (338 words)

	Petroleum Industry - Main
		Discovering new sources of petroleum ahead of the competition is one of the key ways to staying successful in the petroleum industry.
		A GIS can relate these data elements to the location in question in map form and allow you to overlay, view, and manipulate the data to analyze and understand their potential.
		GIS technology today allows us to manage the spatial components of these everyday petroleum "business objects," such as leases, wells, pipelines, environmental concerns, facilities, and retail outlets, in the corporate database, and apply appropriate geographic analysis efficiently in a desktop-focused application.
	www.esri.com /industries/petroleum (256 words)

	Industry Overview - Petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Petroleum Industry, sometimes referred to as ‘downstream’ covers the refining and manufacture of petroleum products as well as storage, blending, distribution and retail operations.
		Oil refineries are large industrial complexes with hundreds of employees working around the clock.
		One of the first processes in the downstream petroleum industry is refining.
	www.cogent-ssc.com /careers/petroleum/index.php (864 words)

	Industrial Technologies Program: Petroleum Refining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Petroleum Refining Industry of the Future partnership equipped the U.S. refining industry with more energy-efficient technologies and new tools for identifying energy-saving opportunities.
		The petroleum refining industry has embraced the many benefits of energy efficiency and currently pursues its own robust RandD portfolio.
		The Petroleum Refining Industries of the Future program is currently not funding any active projects and has no solicitations planned for the near future.
	www.eere.energy.gov /industry/petroleum_refining (305 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > State -- California lawmaker wants state to regulate petroleum industry
		In an interview Wednesday, Dunn accused the petroleum industry of creating a dysfunctional market in California, where competition has been all but eliminated.
		Industry representatives argue that while the sheer numbers are large, the oil industry's profit margin – the percentage pocketed from each sale – isn't huge.
		In the first quarter, the oil and natural gas industry's profit margin averaged 8.5 percent, according to figures compiled by the American Petroleum Institute.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/state/20050831-1719-wst-gasprices.html (683 words)

	An MBendi Profile: An MBendi Industry (Sector) Profile for Nigeria: Oil And Gas Industry including economic overview ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The upstream oil industry is Nigeria’s lifeblood and yet it is also central to the ongoing civil unrest in the country, which gained worldwide publicity with the trial and execution of Ken Saro Wiwa, and eight other political activists in 1995.
		The petroleum industry in Nigeria is regulated by the Ministry of Petroleum Resources.
		The government is seeking to diversify funding for the industry and alternative funding schemes have been approved for Shell’s EA project and are being considered for Elf’s development of the Amenam field.
	mbendi.co.za /cyngoi.htm (1390 words)

	Petroleum Careers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This 8-minute video is aimed at students, civic organizations, industry support personnel and others interested in how oil and gas resources are located and developed.
		Petroleum engineers often work in interdisciplinary teams with other professionals — geologists, geophysicists, well-log analysts, environmental/regulatory specialists, safety engineers, and others. The combined expertise of these many disciplines is applied to increasing oil and gas recovery, which means you have many options available to suit your skills and interest. Read what people in industry say about their jobs...
		Petroleum Engineers Make a World of Difference (4.3 MB ppt) [Right-click link to Download -- presentation is not set up to run through the web]
	www.spe.org /spe/jsp/basic/0,,1104_1726,00.html (244 words)

	eBay - petroleum industry, Nonfiction Books, United States items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Mexican Petroleum Industry in the Twentieth Century
		Horizontal divestiture and the petroleum industry by Je
		The American petroleum industry;: The age of illumin...
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=petroleum+industry&... (438 words)

	History of ChEn: Petroleum, Origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The petroleum industry, like other chemical industries, has a plethora of terms designed to scare off anyone who wants to understand exactly what is going on.
		Both petroleum and coal are sometimes referred to as Bituminous.
		No one actually ships petroleum in barrels anymore because they are too small, but the term is still used to describe a defined volume.
	www.pafko.com /history/h_petro.html (2722 words)

	Petroleum Industry Job Information
		A variety of companies from the petroleum industry come to Penn State to hire students for both internships and full time jobs.
		There are a few remaining research jobs to be filled in the petroleum industry.
		I would urge you to discuss careers in the petroleum industry with students at Penn State who have spent time in the industry.
	hydro.geosc.psu.edu /Sed_html/industry_jobs.html (724 words)

	Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) is a leading research organization engaged in a wide range of research activities as well as providing laboratory, technical and consultancy services to many industries including oil, gas and petrochemicals.
		The institute has established a reputation for technical excellence and is dedicated to helping its clients enhance the value of their existing assets.
		RIPI’s main goal is to maintain and improve its position as the pioneering R and D organization in Iran's oil industry.
	www.ripi.ir /en (323 words)

	PetroleumHistory.com - an index of early petroleum sites
		The Cradle of the Petroleum Industry in Poland.
		The Ignacy Lukasiewicz Petroleum Industry Museum at Bobrka is the world's unique heritage park.
		In the second half of the 19th century, on this tiny piece of Polish soil, petroleum industry was born, giving great impetus to the development of the modern industrial era.
	little-mountain.com /oilwell (563 words)

	The U.S. Petroleum Refining and Gasoline Marketing:
		Although gross margins were at their highest level since 1992, the primary reason that net refined product margins (petroleum product revenues minus all out-of-pocket refining and marketing expenses divided by refined product sales volume) were so high during 1997 was that majors also reduced their operating costs by 6 percent between 1996 and 1997.
		One recent environmental restriction affecting the U.S. downstream petroleum industry was the December 22, 1998 deadline for upgrading or replacing underground storage tanks installed at marketing outlets prior to December 22, 1988.
		Thus, as the 1990's draw to a close, distinctions in downstream petroleum operations between the majors and the independents are substantially less than at the outset of the decade.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/finance/usi&to/downstream (6180 words)

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