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	Petrus Apianus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petrus Apianus (April 16, 1495 – April 21, 1552; also known as Peter Apian) was a German humanist, famous for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography.
		Apianus was educated at the Latin school in Rochlitz.
		In 1519, Apianus moved to Vienna and continued his studies at the University of Vienna, which was considered one of the leading universities in geography and mathematics at the time and where Georg Tannstetter taught.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petrus_Apianus (644 words)

	Untitled Document
		Petrus Apianus (also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, Peter Bienewitz) was born in Leisnig, Saxony in 1495.
		In 1527, Apianus was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt.
		Following the publication of the Astronomicon Caesareum, Apianus was appointed court mathematician to Charles V, and was knighted along with his three brothers.
	www.mhs.ox.ac.uk /students/98to99/Intro/Intropgs/Bios.html (532 words)

	Old World Auctions - Lot Detail
		The Cosmographia of Petrus Apianus was one of the most popular books on cosmography ever published.
		One of the reasons its enormous popularity was the book's inclusion of ingenious paper devices called volvelles that enabled one to solve practical mathematical problems relating to time telling, the calendar, astronomy and astrology.
		Apianus referred to this instrument as "Ptolemy's Instrument." It is used to tell the time of sunrise and sunset, length of day and time in any latitude.
	www.oldworldauctions.com /auction104/detail.asp?lotNo=55 (108 words)

	Petrus Apianus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Petrus Apianus (April 16, 1495 – April 21, 1552; also known as Peter Apian) was a German humanist, famous for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Petrus Apianus contains research on
		Petrus Apianus, Life and work, Selected works, Footnotes, References, Further reading, External links, 1495 births, 1552 deaths, German astronomers, German mathematicians and 16th century mathematicians.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Apianus (671 words)

	[No title]
		He retains Apianus’ famed use of the term America and faithfully conforms to Apianus' geography except for his delineation of the north coast of Asia west of the Urals, where Honter suddenly branches up to have Asia meet the cordiform’s pinnacle, the North Pole.
		Apianus took the 1507 map and lowered the truncation of the cordiform to allow his charting of a hypothetical configuration for the southern extreme of the New World.
		Apianus and Honter also retained Waldseemüller’s use of the term America in recognition of the supposed discoveries of Amerigo Vespucci.
	www.cosmography.com /catpages/honter-world7.htm (1465 words)

	Encyclopedia: Petrus Apianus
		April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years).
		Apianus' relationship with Charles V dated to least the early 1530's when Apianus was granted an imperial privilege.
		Apianus died in Ingolstadt at the age of 57 in 1552.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Petrus-Apianus (375 words)

	Historia Matematica Mailing List Archive: Re: [HM] Stereographic projection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Petrus Apianus died at Ingolstadt on April 21, 1552.
		Bienewitz) was born in Leisnig, Saxony in 1495.
		Apianus was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University
	sunsite.utk.edu /math_archives/.http/hypermail/historia/aug99/0062.html (290 words)

	2
		Apianus did not originally plan to have the two sets of lunar volvelles facing each other; at the back of the Rosenwald copy are cancel leaves for folios GII an GIII according to an earlier conception for this section of the book.
		Throughout the initial part of his book, Apianus gives detailed instructions for the operation of the volvelles, using as his examples the birth dates of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his brother Ferdinand I, the dedicatees.
		Next Apianus turns to two ancient eclipses, one reported by Plutarch in the year in which Darius was defeated by Alexander the Great and the other reported by Pliny in the second century B.C. And then, in a pioneering use of astronomical chronology, he takes up the circumstances of several historical eclipses.
	www.atlascoelestis.com /ApianusPaginabase1.htm (846 words)

	Diagrams: VOLVELLES
		Petrus Apianus was the latinized name of the German astronomer and mathematician Peter Bennewitz (ÔBennewitzÕ means Ôbee-keeperÕ; ÔapisÕ is Latin for ÔbeeÕ).
		Apianus was the first to show how to calculate longitude by observing the distance of the moon from various stars.
		This work, which took Apianus eight years to produce and was printed on his private press at Ingolstadt, is really as much a scientific calculating instrument as a book.
	www.a-website.org /design/instructional/volvelles.html (1096 words)

	art-emporium.com antique maps. prints. rare books
		It was a re-issue of "Caert Thresoor" originally published in 1598 by Barent Langenes (fl.1598-1610), with maps engraved by Jodocus Hondius and Petrus Kaerius (Pieter van den Keere).
		Petrus Bertius also gained prominence as a cartographer for his "Theatrum Geographiae Veteris" a re-issue of Ptolemy's "Geographia".
		Also Petrus Kaerius and sometimes Petro Kaerio, Keere moved to London in 1584 to avoid religious persecution in the Netherlands.
	www.art-emporium.com /map_ref_library.htm (16337 words)

	Modern world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Refutes geocentric theory, proposes a model placing the Sun at the center of the universe.
		Petrus Apianus (1495 - 1557), astronomer and cartographer.
		Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601), astronomer, astrologer and alchemist, proposed the Tychonic system in contrast to both the traditional Geocentric model and the new version of Heliocentrism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_history (2605 words)

	Heavens (World Treasures of the Library of Congress: Beginnings) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		By means of hand-colored maps and moveable paper parts (volvelles), Petrus Apianus (1495-1552) laid out the mechanics of a universe that was earth- and human-centered.
		Cosmographia (1524) by German mathematician Petrus Apianus (1492-1552) provides a layman's introduction to subjects such as astronomy, geography, cartography, surveying, navigation, and mathematical instruments.
		Apianus depicted the cosmos according to the 1400-year-old Ptolemaic system, which maintained that the sun revolved around the earth, a theory challenged by Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) in Apianus's lifetime.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/world/heavens.html (3420 words)

	Giornale Nuovo: Volvelles
		In 1540, the German astronomer and mathematician Petrus Apianus (1495-1552), published his magnum opus: the Astronomicon Caesareum.
		Amongst his several accomplishments, Apianus (also known as Peter Apian, or by his given surname of Bennewitz, or Bienewitz) was the first to use darkened glass for observation and to recognise that the tails of comets always point away from the Sun.
		He became Professor of Mathematics at Ingolstadt and ‘Imperial Mathematician’ to the German Emperor Charles V. The first batch of images above were lifted from a page at the ETH (the Swiss Institute of Technology), in Zurich.
	www.spamula.net /blog/archives/000229.html (159 words)

	USL: Rare Books and Special Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Apianus' Cosmographia is a modification of his earlier work Astronomicum caesarium, one of the finest astronomical works ever produced.
		It contains information on comets, with the first illustration of the discovery that their tails always point away from the sun as well as a broad treatment of Ptolemaic astronomy.
		Very few books of this type survive with the volvelles intact but they provide a good example of the ways in which scientific thought was applied to the solving of problems.
	www.library.usyd.edu.au /libraries/rare/treasures/t-apian.html (187 words)

	Astronomers A
		He took careful measurements of the wavelengths revealed in spectra, and the unit of measurement he used (ten billionth of a meter) is named in his honor.
		Apian, Peter (1495-1552) - also known as Petrus Apianus and Peter Bienewitz, this German astronomer was the first to describe the fact that a comets tail always pointed away from the sun.
		Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1799-1875) - director of the Bonn Observatory in Germany, during his tenure the staff completed the Bonner Durchmusterung, a catalog of 324,000 stars listing their magnitudes and positions.
	www.pa.msu.edu /people/horvatin/Astronomers/astronomers_a.htm (247 words)

	AllRefer.com - Petrus Apianus (Geography, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Petrus Apianus (Geography, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Petrus Apianus[pE´trus ApEA´nus] Pronunciation Key, Latinized from Peter Bienewitz
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Petrus Apianus
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Apianus.html (158 words)

	IMSS - Multimedia Catalogue - Biographies - Petrus Apianus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At the University of Vienna, he studied with the mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer Georg Tanstetter (known as Collimitius, 1481-1530) until 1523.
		In an addendum to his book, Apianus introduced several instruments for finding the time at night, including the "lunar compass" and the "nocturnal." In 1527, he was appointed professor at the University of Ingolstadt.
		Astronomicum earned Apianus his appointment as imperial mathematician; in that capacity, he often met with Charles V to give him astrological advice.
	brunelleschi.imss.fi.it /genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=biografia&lingua=ENG&chiave=300068 (323 words)

	Petrus : Zolus WEB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Petrus comes from the Latin meaning rock, and is the common English prefix petro- used to describe rock-based substances, like petros-oleum or rock oil.
		Biography of Petrus Apianus (1495-1552) Petrus Apianus, also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was one of four sons of Martin
		Peter Debye Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye was born March 24, 1884, at Maastricht, the Netherlands He received his early education at the
	zolus.org /s/petrus.html (575 words)

	NDVII Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I will also describe a collaboration between artists and astronomers that is attempting to reproduce these images for display in a stereoscopic projection theatre as a public education activity.
		Both Schöner and Apianus published large paper equatoria, which obviously influenced each other, and which remain typographic showpieces from this period.
		Apianus, close enough to Nuremberg to be considered an insider, knew that Andreas Osiander was the author of the anonymous foreword added at the print shop to the De revolutionibus, something that Rheticus suspected.
	www.nd.edu /~histast4/ndviiinfo/abstractvii.html (7236 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Halley demystified comets by showing that at least one of them travels in an elongated orbit around the Sun.
		He found that the orbit of the comet of 1682 was similar to those of comets observed in 1607 (by Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630) and in 1531 (by Petrus Apianus, 1495-1552).
		All three comets moved around the Sun in retrograde orbits with a similar orientation.
	ase.tufts.edu /astroweb/print_chapter.asp?id=14 (4506 words)

	Waldseemüller - Wall Map - Bell Library: Maps and Mapmakers
		Although no example of the original map survives, its importance in the history of mapmaking is evident.
		The wall map was copied by other mapmakers, for example Oronce Finé, Petrus Apianus, Gemma Frisius, and Sebastian Münster, insuring that the name "America" on maps would be perpetuated.
		Please credit the James Ford Bell Library, University of Minnesota if you copy or reproduce material from this page.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /map/WALD/WALL/history.html (167 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Renaissance cosmography may be defined as the science of the mathematical description of earth and heavens, where astronomical data are used to determine one's position in space and time.
		The reissue of Petrus Apianus's Cosmographicus liber by the Leuven mathematician Reinier Gemma Frisius (1529) was one of the main channels through which this discipline gained public attention in the Southern Netherlands.
		The revised book went through 41 editions between 1529 and 1609.
	www.psy.kuleuven.ac.be /ische/abstracts/vdb.htm (466 words)

	Voyages: A Smithsonian Libraries Exhibition
		Printed paper instruments called volvelles provided astronomers with the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets, freeing them from performing lengthy calculations derived from planetary tables.
		Bassantin’s work, a general overview of astronomy, partly copies Petrus Apianus’s Astronomicum Cæsareum of 1540.
		The Irish astronomer William Molyneux (1656-1698) once owned this copy.
	www.sil.si.edu /Exhibitions/Voyages/astronomy-and-navigation.htm (250 words)

	American Philosophical Society
		An account of Anson's famous voyage around the world in 1740-44; published in numbers.
		[colophon: Landshut: Johann Weyssenburger, for P. Apianus, 1524].
		6-10: Petrus Schouten]; Leiden: Gerard Potvliet and Theodor Haak, 1755-60.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/guides/guerrini/guerrini.htm (9970 words)

	The Popuplady - Movable Books - A Timeline History of Movable Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Johannes Gutenberg aka Peter Bienewitz,(1495-1552)created movable type and prints the Bible.
		Petrus Apianus (1495-1552) printed the Astronomicum Caesareum (The Emperor’s Astronomy) for Charles V in Ingolstadt, Germany using volvelles to portray themovement of the heavenly bodies (sun, planets and their moons).
		Robert Sayer (England) Produced the first true movable for children, generically called a
	www.popuplady.com /mov-timeline.htm (509 words)

	Hyde Slides: Human Paleontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system of Universe as found in Dante's Divine Comedy.
		Universe of Petrus Apianus, a very able and influential geographer of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, contemporary of Copernicus 2nd quarter of the 16th century.
		If he had accepted Copernicus' system, it would have been a great influence on thought of the next 50 years.
	geology.cwru.edu /~huwig/catalog/humanpaleontology.html (2106 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		of Florence","276, 297, 534, 757","" "Antonio (Bettini) da Siena","","see Bettini, Antonio" "Antonius, the Great, Saint, 965","","see also Athanasius, Saint" "Apianus, Petrus","661, 678, 1164, 1205","" "Apocalypse","","see Bible.
		Institutiones" "Instrument Buch","","see Apianus, Petrus" "Introitus Alberti Archiducis Austriae","737","" "Ioseph figliuolo di Iacob","345","" "Isidorus, Saint, Bp.
		in Napoli per la nascita del suo primogenito Filippo","1573","" "Das Narrenschiff","","see Brant, Sebastian" "Natalibus, Petrus de, Bp.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /rbc/rbcprod/rosenwald/catalog/text/indexgen.db (1940 words)

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