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Topic: Petwo

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	Vodou or Vodun
		The Petwo rite is a newer development that arose out of the crucible of the New World plantation system and encompasses elements of the Kongo culture as well as the practices of many other groups from Central Africa to Angola in the southwest.
		Some of the lwa exist andezo, or in two cosmic substances, and are served in both Rada and Petwo rituals.
		Contrary to popular conception, the line between Rada and Petwo is not as rigid as it appears: much of what is described as Rada goes for Petwo.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_115.asp (1413 words)

	Caribbean Percussion Traditions
		The three drums of the Rada ensemble have cowhide covers that are attached with wooden pegs, while the two or three drums of the Petwo ensemble have goatskin covers attached with cords.
		Petwo drums have a sharper sound, which reflects the aggressive temperament of their lwa.
		Other Vodou instruments are the ogan (a piece of iron played with a metal striker), the tcha-tcha (a small rattle), the ason (a calabash that is covered with a mesh of beads) and Cuban congas.
	www.historical-museum.org /exhibits/carib/carib.htm (1369 words)

	Marguerite Laurent.com \| Bwa Kayiman
		Haitian children learned in Vodun ceremonies the uses of cutting and slicing a chicken and goat's throat, early on in life, for the time when the Petwo nations would come and mount them, so they would stop being the sacrificial lambs, the scapegoats whose blood was being lapped up by the white settlers.
		So, in Vodun, there is the time before the Petwo nations arrived to the war dance to unify the cocktail of multilingual African tribes - and the time after.
		This, Petwo's multination red force and strength, works when Rada is its base.
	www.margueritelaurent.com /writings/bwakayiman.html (478 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Music_of_Haiti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ceremonies may include either Rada drums ("Tanbou Rada" in Haitian Creole) with cowhide covers attached with wooden pegs, or Petwo drums (Tanbou Petwo), which have a goatskin covers attached with cords and a more aggressive sound.
		Rap artists of Haiti use their music to be a vital outlet in the political struggle of their country.
		In the Petwo family one can find: petwo makaya, fran petwo, petwo doki, makandal, bumba and kita.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Music_of_Haiti (595 words)

	Haitian Drums crafted and collected by Bonga
		Petwo is a family of rhythms originating in Haiti’s central and southern regions (La Plaine, Port au Prince, Akayè).
		Petwo drums are hot and are played for Papa Simbi, Ezili Danto, Gran Bwa amongst others.
		Petwo includes the Kita rhythm where two goat-skin drums - Ralé and Manman - are played by hand only.
	www.bongamusic.com /drums.html (659 words)

	Voodoo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Rada spirits are familial and mostly come from Africa, Petwo spirits are mostly native to Haiti and are more demanding and require more attention to detail than the Rada, but both can be dangerous if angry or upset.
		After more introductory songs, beginning with saluting the spirit of the drums named Hounto, the songs for all the individual spirits are sung, starting with the Legba family through all the Rada spirits, then there is a break and the Petwo part of the service begins, which ends with the songs for the Ghede family.
		As the songs are sung spirits will come to visit those present by taking possession of individuals and speaking and acting through them.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/v/vo/voodoo.html (2485 words)

	hybridmagazine.com :: indie counter-culture daily, no secret handshakes.
		The drums begin again, the distinctive beat-beatbeat-beat-beatbeat which marks the Petwo rhythms.
		The Nago and Rada drumbeats come from West Africa; the Petwo rites and spirits were born out of slavery.
		Petwo ceremonies are often marked with gunpowder and whip-cracking, the better to remember the revolution and the lash.
	www.hybridmagazine.com /culture/1001/filan2.shtml (1090 words)

	Divine Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Formally, this altar reiterates the Petwo signature color red; syncopates shiny with matte, encrusted with layered (tied and wrapped) surfaces; and breaks the bottles' aggressive vertical thrusts with the pakèt kongos' softer curves.
		The ceramic kewpie doll may represent a malevolent baka controlled by vengeful Petwo lwa; yet its whiteness connects it to the white candles studding the altar, which both "heat up" Petwo power and control it through their cooling, calming color properties.
		Cosentino adds that the utensils connect such Petwo lwa to the old slave masters; both intimidating groups use tableware, as opposed to peasants who eat with their hands.
	www.harvestmoon.net /Vodou/Articles/Vodou/vodou.htm (9361 words)

	Windows on Haiti: A viewpoint for reparations and cancellation of Haiti's debt
		The kase, meaning break, is a unique phenomenon present in most if not all of the rhythms of Haitian Vodou, and when one considers that each rhythm also has its corresponding kase, the entire Vodou drum repertoire is effectively doubled.
		Serving a different function altogether, the kase can also be used as a fixed section of the rhythm that signals to the dancers to perform specific choreography, and it is in this capacity that the kase is often employed in the Vodou music found in the Lakou (traditional courtyard/communities found in the countryside) of Gonaives.
		Unlike in Port-au-Prince, where the Rada and Petwo drums are typically used to play all of the different families of rhythms, the Vodou music tradition in Gonaives, some 80 miles to the North, insists that each particular family of rhythms uses its own unique sets of drums.
	haitiforever.com /windowsonhaiti/rhythms.shtml (1817 words)

	miaminewtimes.com \| Calendar \| Night&Day \| Speaking in Drums \| 1999-04-22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The music's still used as a form of communication and is played at festivals to comment on social and political situations or at weddings or funerals to celebrate and commemorate social occasions.
		A vodou priest named Don Petwo also created his own offshoot by merging Congo rhythms with attributes associated with Oggun (the god of metal, iron, and justice).
		Ra-ra and petwo will be among the rhythms making the rooms vibrate this weekend at Power Studios' second annual world music festival, known as the Power of the Drums.
	www.miaminewtimes.com /issues/1999-04-22/calendar/nightday3.html (651 words)

	Marguerite Laurent.com \| Ezilidanto
		The Revolution which created the nation of Haiti was inspired by the divine decree of the warrior love goddess known as Ezili Danto who danced in the head of the great Haitian priestess, Cecile Fatiman, on that famous Haitian night in 1791, on a red hilltop, at a forest thicket in Haiti called Bwa Kayiman.
		Led by the powerful warrior spirit of Ezili Danto, Cecile Fatiman crowned the African warrior Boukmann with her royal red Petwo scepter, ushering in the Haitian war which forever slashed the chains of European slavery in Haiti to create Africa's sacred trust, Manman Ayiti - the first Black nation in the Western Hemisphere.
		All the Africans at Bwa Kayiman, all, be they Muslim or Christians converts, went HOME that day, back to Vodun and, that, has been the road less traveled by any African nation to date.
	www.margueritelaurent.com /ezilidanto_bio.html (710 words)

	Ezili Danto: Single Mother with a Knife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Petwo rites are an integral part of the Kanzo (initiation ceremony), the rite by which serviteurs are initiated as houngans and mambos (priests and priestesses of Haitian Vodou).
		Ti-Jan Danto (called "Msye Jan," as in "That's MISTER Jan to you"), Her son by the lwa Jan Petwo, is a popular and well-liked lwa, especially in northern Haiti.
		Some say that Ezili Danto and Jan Petwo are mother and father to the entire Petwo nation; others say that Danto has seven children and place seven dolls on Her altar to represent them.
	www.widdershins.org /vol9iss5/06.htm (2310 words)

	Vodou
		Expedite that indicate magical work in progress (an inverted picture of the saint hangs beneath the altar), and a bust of Ezili Dantò mirrored in a chromolithograph embedded on a sequined bottle, magnified by the cloth Ezili Dantò nestled against it.
		Lasirèn/La Sirene: the mermaid lwa usually associated with the Ezili family; in her Petwo aspect she lures people to a watery death, and in her Rada aspect she can bring luck.
		Vèvè: Vodou ground drawings enscripting and invoking the lwa, traced in cornmeal, ash, or--in *Petwo rites--gunpowder.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /jouvert/v3i12/vodou.htm (9704 words)

	About Haitian Voudou - Haitian Voodoo History & Beliefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ezili Dantor - a Petwo lwa, she is a strong fl single mother.
		A little known fact is that she is actually a hermaphrodite, and takes both men and women in marriage.
		Ti Jan Petwo - the son and lover of Ezili Dantor.
	www.erzulies.com /about_haitian_vodou_2.php?PHPSESSID=f463acb84d0be494af7f2cd125e00a70 (3470 words)

	The Haitian Revolution - Toussaint Louverture leads his Army
		Subsequently, the numbers of Maroons increased to a level that surpassed the Whites and because these Africans had such deep seated hate for the White terrorist plantation owners, it would only be a matter of time before they would seek revenge.
		On August 22, 1791, the Africans' war for independence began under the leadership of a female religious leader named Dutty Boukman; a practitioner of the Petwo Voodoo cult.
		She led a prophetic religious service predicting that she and others would lead the Africans into war and force the White terrorist into submission.
	www.emergingminds.org /articles/2004/jul04_haiti_pg2.html (928 words)

	El Rincon Bantu
		Nzambi is closely related to the Kongo spirit Simbi, whose form Dambhalah takes when invoked in the Petwo rituals of Haitian Vodou.
		Simbi is recognized as a magical and powerful water-snake lwa, who is served within Petwo rites.
		West-Central African nature deities or spirits, called simbi in Ki-Kongo, served the enslaved people of colonial times as spiritual benefactors around which captives of diverse African origins and those born in the colonies focused their communities.
	www.inquiceweb.com /IWboard/messages/4/1680.html?1083470275 (892 words)

	Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou \| Bosou \| American Museum of Natural History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bosou, the three-horned bull, is something like a spiritual 'body guard,' often invoked for protection.
		He has Rada and Petwo sides but is most often seen in his Petwo aspect where he connects closely with Kongo spirits of the crossroads and the grave.
		Bosou is represented by triple-horned objects, and sometimes associated with the triple-rayed halo of Christ the King.
	www.bonus.com /contour/infection_detec/http@@/www.amnh.org/exhibitions/vodou/spirits3.html (60 words)

	Jeffrey Altepeter, Comment on Bob Corbett, Introduction to Voodoo
		In the division between Rada and Petwo, you seem to be saying that the former are "good" Loa, and the latter are "evil" Loa.
		It even seems that there is a small amount of overlap or crossover between these two sects.
		You ask the question, "Is it Voodoo that has caused Haitian fatalism, or is it the history of the African/Haitian experience that has created Voodoo's fatalism?" I think that our brief study of Haitian history certainly supports a good argument for the latter.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/43a/120.html (619 words)

	Bonga's CD "Kanzo" and music samples
		Tune No. 3 amply demonstrates how good he is. Somehow, as I listen to him, I am reminded of that great pioneering drummer, Ti Roro.
		Tune No. 3 is played on a fiery Petwo beat which will prevent you from keeping still.
		On tune No. 4, he is joined by Haitian saxophonist Thurgot Theodat and guitarist Jon Glazer.
	www.bongamusic.com /cds_kanzo.html (536 words)

	Enduring Rhythms- African Musical Instruments and the Americas
		Specific instruments, rhythmic patterns, and possession behaviors are correlated with each nation and deity.
		Drums are associated with both the Petwo or Rada branches and are part of a set (je).
		These drums may be painted or, as in the case of older drums, carved with veve (sacred diagrams) or spirit symbols.
	www.furious.com /perfect/enduring.html (1188 words)

	Friends of Hospital Albert Schweitzer in Haiti - Haitian Art and Haitian Culture
		Ezili Dantò is the Petwo mother warrior spirit known for her protectiveness.
		Ezili Je Wouj (red eyes) is a jealous and dangerous Petwo spirit.
		Ogou is a Petwo warrior spirit with strong principles of intelligence, pioneering and justice.
	www.friendsofhas.org /art/haitian_vodou_gods.php3 (163 words)

	AE 29:2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In this article, I return to the problematic question of African origins in the fl Americas, arguing that despite the distortions of baseline genealogies and associated myths of tribal purity, West African cultural frameworks--when critically reformulated--illuminate New World dynamics of creolization.
		Focusing on the Petwo paradox in Haitian Vodou, which opposes Creole powers of money and magic to the venerated, if enervated, authority of Ginen (Africa), I address a fairly narrow debate regarding the division of Petwo and Rada deities and their imputed Creole versus African origins.
		Against the ideology of Haitian Vodou, and its misleading influence on various scholars, a Yoruba-Dahomean cultural hermeneutic reveals the African origins and revisionary principles of the Petwo and Rada opposition, as it emerged before the Haitian revolution and realigned with class relations under Francois Duvalier.
	www.music.columbia.edu /~cecenter/AES/ae292.html (1654 words)

	Erzulie, Vodou Lwa of Love and Beauty--loa voodoo petro petwo ezili vodou gods and goddesses african gods and goddesses ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		She has many forms, from coquette to fierce warrior mother to red-eyed weeping crone, and can be counted among either the Rada or Petwo lwa (spirits or gods).
		The Petwo rites arose in the New World during slavery, and Petwo lwa are characteristically dark and powerful, and called bitter (anme).
		Erzulie is a love goddess who developed during a time when slave owners broke up families and separated husbands and wives at will, and considered raping female slaves a pleasant way to produce more slaves.
	www.thaliatook.com /erzulie.html (380 words)

	African Arts: Response to Bettelheim.(Judith Bettelheim)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The purpose of the initial article was to fill a significant lacuna in the existing scholarship on the Spiritual Churches by identifying persistent themes and aesthetics in Church practice which can be linked to central African antecedents.
		I note numerous resonances between Spiritual Church altars and New World Kongo-based systems: Cuban Palo Mayombe, Haitian Petwo or Bizango, and American Conjure or Hoodoo.
		Through what channels and in what company these...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:81564765&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (179 words)

	Haitan Drum Workshops with Frisner Augustin
		In this series of classes, students will not only work on the rhythms themselves, but learn to interface with the Houngan/Mambo (priests), Hounjenikon (choral leader) and the Hounsis (ritual dancers).
		Rhythms to be taught will include the Yanvalou, Mahi and Zepol - all used in the Rada Rite; Nago, Kongo and Ibo rhythms in addition to drum parts for Djouba, Petwo and Banda.
		These classes are ensemble workshops, meaning each participant will learn to play individual parts of a larger, more complex multi-drum rhythm.
	www.neworleansmistic.com /vodoudrums (531 words)

	Vodou Magic Supplies, Haitian Vodou Tools, Haitian Botanica
		Small gourd rattle used to call or salute Djouba, Petwo, Kongo and Ghede Lwa.
		These are tin plates used to make illumination rituals and also to serve food offerings to some Petwo Lwa.
		Both types of plates are the same size - approximately 7.5 inches in diameter.
	www.neworleansmistic.com /ritual/vodou/tools.htm (565 words)

	Metroblogging New Orleans: What can it hurt? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For Dantò: Barbancourt rum, florida water, candles, daggers, dolls dressed in red and blue or calico prints, spicy fl beans, peasant cakes, unfiltered cigarettes, fried pork
		WHAT TO WEAR: It's suggested that attendees dress in white (the color of purity) with red head scarves, or in all red (the color of Petwo rites).
		MORE INFO: Call Sallie Ann at The Island of Salvation Botanica, 504 948 9961
	neworleans.metblogs.com /archives/2005/07/what_can_it_hur.phtml (261 words)

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