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Topic: Phaeodarea

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	Phaeodarea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Phaeodarea are a group of amoeboid protozoa.
		Phaeodarea produce hollow skeletons composed of amorphous silica and organic material, which rarely fossilize.
		The endoplasm is divided by a cape with three openings, of which one gives rise to feeding pseudopods, and the others let through bundles of microtubules that support the axopods.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phaeodarea (190 words)

	Phaeodarea -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Phaeodarea are a group of (Click link for more info and facts about amoeboid) amoeboid protozoa.
		They are traditionally considered (Marine protozoa) radiolarians, but in molecular trees do not appear to be close relatives of the other groups, and are instead placed among the (Click link for more info and facts about Cercozoa) Cercozoa.
		The endoplasm is divided by a cape with three openings, of which one gives rise to feeding pseudopods, and the others let through bundles of (A microscopically small tubule) microtubules that support the axopods.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Ph/Phaeodarea.htm (190 words)

	Palaeos Eukarya: Rhizaria
		Phaeodarea are not closely related to the other two taxa (see below), but Acantharea and Polycystinea form a monophyletic group (Nikolaev et al., 2004; Polet et al., 2004).
		Phaeodarea were traditionally included in Radiolaria, and share with Acantharea and Polycystinea the traits of a glassy shell (formed of a combination of silica and organic material in Phaeodarea) and a capsule dividing the cytoplasm into inner and outer compartments.
		Phaeodarea also bear a phaeodium, consisting of balls of darkly pigmented waste matter, usually near the astropylum.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/Rhizaria/Rhizaria.html (1587 words)

	Encyclopedia: Radiolaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The main class of radiolarians are the Polycystinea, which produce siliceous skeletons and include the majority of fossils.
		The other traditional classes are the Phaeodarea, which also produce siliceous skeletons, and Acantharea, which produce skeletons of strontium sulfate.
		However, the Phaeodarea are instead included among the Cercozoa.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Radiolaria (301 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Stephane Polet, Cedric Berney, Jose Fahrni, and Jan Pawlowski; Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences of Phaeodarea Challenge the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria.
		Note : In his grand monograph of Radiolaria, Ernst Haeckel originally included Phaeodarea together with Acantharea and Polycystinea, all three taxa characterized by the presence of a central capsule and the possession of axopodia.
		Cytological and ultrastructural studies, however, questioned the monophyly of Radiolaria, suggesting an independent evolutionary origin of the three taxa, and the first molecular data on Acantharea and Polycystinea brought controversial results.
	www.nies.go.jp /chiiki1/protoz/refere/id4999/4645.htm (177 words)

	Radiolaria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		They also include the peculiar genus (Click link for more info and facts about Sticholonche) Sticholonche, which lacks an internal skeleton and so is usually considered a heliozoan.
		Traditionally the radiolarians also include the (Click link for more info and facts about Phaeodarea) Phaeodarea, which produce siliceous skeletons but differ from the polycystines in several other respects.
		However, on molecular trees they branch with the (Click link for more info and facts about Cercozoa) Cercozoa, a group including various flagellate and amoeboid protists.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/R/Ra/Radiolaria.htm (374 words)

	Station Information - Radiolaria
		In some it contains many symbiotic zooxanthellae, or other algae, which provide much of the cell's energy.
		There are two main groups of radiolaria, the Polycystinea and Phaeodarea.
		Both produce siliceous skeletons, but those of the latter are rarely preserved, so most fossils are of the former.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/radiolaria.html (191 words)

	Phaeodarea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In his grand monography of Radiolaria, Ernst Haeckel originally placed Phaeodarea within the class Radiolaria, together with Acantharea and Polycystinea.
		In order to test further the monophyly of all Haeckel's Radiolaria, and as no data on Phaeodarea was available, we sequenced the complete SSU rRNA gene of three Phaeodarea and three Polycystinea.
		Our analyses show that the monophyletic Phaeodarea clearly branch among Cercozoa, and confirm that Acantharea and Polycystinea share a common history.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/a7/a766.html (195 words)

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