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	Phage therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bacteriophages or "phage" are viruses that invade bacterial cells and, in the case of lytic phages, disrupt bacterial metabolism and cause the bacterium to lyse [destruct].
		Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.
		Phage therapy is today a widespread form of treatment in countries that were formerly members of the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phage_therapy (972 words)

	Bacteriophage Ecology Group — Phage Therapy References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The concept of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections was born with the discovery of the bacteriophage almost a century ago.
		Phage therapy in the agricultural, food-processing and fishery industries is already being successfully applied, and this review, whilst being aware of the potential drawbacks, emphasizes the need for further carefully controlled empirical data on its efficacy and safety in treating human and animal disease, especially in view of its numerous advantages over antibiotics.
		The aim of this investigation was to establish the impact of phage therapy on the turnover and function of circulating neutrophils in 37 patients with suppurative bacterial infections.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/bib_pt.htm (17880 words)

	Phage Biology Laboratory at Evergreen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Phage therapy and sanitation measures were the primary tools in his arsenal to deal with major outbreaks of infectious disease throughout the Middle East and India.
		Phage therapy was tried extensively and many successes were reported for a variety of diseases, including dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, cholera, and pyogenic (pus-producing) and urinary-tract infections.
		The early strong interest in phage therapy is reflected in the fact that some 800 papers were published on the topic between 1917 and 1956; the results have been discussed in some detail by Ackermann and Dubow (1987).
	www.evergreen.edu /phage/phagetherapy/phagetherapy.htm (10048 words)

	Phages enzyme virus to counter mutated bacteria.
		Phage therapy is practiced routinely in the former Soviet Union as an alternative, combinatory, and complimentary form of treatment in conjunction with, or in lieu of, antibiotics.
		Phages generally display a low chemotherapeutic index, particularly upon primary administration systemically or upon topical administration, and they are vastly more diverse in their potential to overcome bacterial resistance than known antibiotics also displaying comparatively low chemotherapeutic indices.
		Phage therapy, as a clinical method, was rejected altogether in the West upon the discovery, immediate popularization, and wide-scale dissemination of penicillin in the early 1940s.
	www.earthtym.net /ref-phages.htm (3705 words)

	Phage Biotech Ltd.
		Phage therapy is a method of antibacterial treatment that harnesses the bacteria-killing properties of otherwise harmless viruses.
		Phages may be used both prophylactically and in the treatment of ongoing infections.
		The accumulated Western analytic knowledge of phage structure, functions, and mechanisms of host interaction has yet to be merged with the Eastern body of knowledge, which draws additionally on a hands-on, empirical, and clinical experience of phage ecology and phage interaction with bacterial and mammalian systems.
	www.phage-biotech.com /links.html (1597 words)

	Wired News: West Recruits Bacteria Assassins
		Phages, as they're also called, were never thoroughly studied as therapies in the West, mainly because antibiotics proved to be so effective.
		One potential drawback is that phage therapies might be too specific for widespread use against infection, according to Carl Merril, a senior investigator at the National Institutes of Health.
		Phage therapies are at the opposite end of the spectrum.
	www.wired.com /news/medtech/0,1286,59430,00.html (957 words)

	Turns of Phrase: Phage therapy
		phage therapy puts phage viruses to work inside the body to destroy the disease-causing bacteria.
		Because any given phage only attacks a single bacterium, and has no effect on human cells, it promises to be a highly targeted therapy.
		Phage therapy isn’t the only alternative to antibiotics, but it has great promise.
	www.worldwidewords.org /turnsofphrase/tp-pha3.htm (239 words)

	Bacteriophage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phages are ubiquitous and can be found in many reservoirs populated by bacteria, such as soil or the intestine of animals.
		In the case of the T4 phage, the construction of new virus particles is a complex process which requires the assistance of special helper molecules.
		Research on phage therapy was largely discontinued in the West, but phage therapy has been used since the 1940s in the former Soviet Union as an alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phage (1354 words)

	Phage Therapy Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Phages effective against dysentery, septicemia, meningitis and other diseases are discussed by US microbiologist Dr. Paul Barrow and Dr. Nina Chanishvili of the Eliava Institute, Republic of Georgia.
		This is the article that fueled most of those to come after--it begins with a quote from Sinclair Lewis's Arrowsmith, goes through the field of phage therapy from the 1930's to present, and re-introduced the Eliava Institute in The Republic of Georgia and their phage research to the Western world.
		Phage Therapy Revisited: The population biology of a bacterial infection and its treatment with bacteriophage and antibiotics.
	www.phagetherapy.com /ptlinks.html (821 words)

	BIOS 576: Foundations in Biotechnology
		Phages are small packets of genetic material that use host cells to replicate and infect other cells, which may or may not be of the same species.
		Phages are very useful in the study of molecular processes in biology of a variety of reasons.
		Phage exclusion systems are mechanisms by which cells kill themselves upon infection by a phage, thereby preventing the spread of phages to other cells in the population.
	www.bioc.rice.edu /bios576/newphage/phageweb.html (1350 words)

	Bacteriophage Therapy -- Sulakvelidze et al. 45 (3): 649 -- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
		Bacteriophages or phages are bacterial viruses that invade bacterial cells and, in the case of lytic phages, disrupt bacterial
		The efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage in the therapy of experimental Klebsiella infection.
		Phage lytic enzymes as therapy for antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a murine sepsis model.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/45/3/649?view=full (6314 words)

	Phage therapy: the Escherichia coli experience -- Brüssow 151 (7): 2133 -- Microbiology
		to the phage in vitro, the in vivo phage amplification was not
		Phage was not recovered from blood or spleen.
		Brüssow, H., Canchaya, C. and Hardt, W. Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/7/2133 (5172 words)

	Advantages
		Advantages of phage therapy for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas sp.
		(4) Phage, because they have a very narrow host range, tend to neither kill nor induce resistance in the normal flora; they target one strain (or species) and do not affect others. Some antibiotics can directly affect the cells in our bodies. Phage cannot infect human cells, and cannot directly infect or harm us.
		Also, many people are allergic to antibiotics. Phage allergies have not yet been recorded (although little research seems to have been performed in America about this aspect).
	www.uwrf.edu /~w1006547/phage_files/Page364.htm (125 words)

	Hour One: Phage Therapy / Tau Neutrino.
		Once a phage latches onto a bacterium, it injects its payload of genetic material into the bacterium's innards.
		And now that strains of bacteria resistant to standard antibiotics are on the rise, the idea of phage therapy has been getting more attention in the worldwide medical community.
		On this hour of Science Friday, we'll take a look at the current state of phage research, talk about what progress has been made in phage therapy, and about whether it may be a viable medical option in the near future.
	www.answering-christianity.com /hour1_072100.html (692 words)

	ptmain.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		These website domains are available as a package FOR SALE to any organization or company specializing in the field of Phage Therapy or Phage Research.
		One of the most exciting developments in combating disease is Phage Therapy.
		A collection of phage therapy articles from both popular press and technical journals.
	www.phagetherapy.com (137 words)

	Home
		The most serious infections include malignant external [inflammation of the ear, eye, heart, spinal cord, pneumonia, and cause overwhelming toxins in the blood].
		The likelihood of recovery from pseudomonas infection is related to the severity of the patient's underlying disease process.” (8) Antibiotics such as penicillin have been the main route of treatment for this bacteria, however, with the resistance to these antibiotic increasing, phage therapy is becoming a clear treatment solution.
		What were some early problems to bacteriophage therapy?
	www.uwrf.edu /~w1006547/phage.htm (160 words)

	Phage Biology at Evergreen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		16th Evergreen International Phage Biology Meeting Photos
		Until now, going to the Republic of Georgia to avoid amputation due to severe bone infections or diabetic ulcers has been a real challenge.
		Alfred Gertler a Georgian phage therapy success story!!
	www.evergreen.edu /phage (106 words)

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