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Topic: Phagocytosis

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Dendritic cell

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis

Cytotoxic T cell

Macrophage

Cell (biology)

Class II histocompatibility molecule

Antigen

Monocyte

Phagocyte

Erythrocyte

Cluster of differentiation

White blood cell

Pseudopod

Reticuloendothelial system

	Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis is mediated by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
		Phagocytosis involves the ingestion and digestion of the following:
		This coating of the organisms by molecules that speed up phagocytosis, is termed 'opsonization', and the Fc portion of antibody, and C3 are termed 'opsonins'.
	www.microbiologybytes.com /iandi/bloodmap/Phagocytosis.html (360 words)

	Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis is mediated by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
		The speed of phagocytosis can be increased markedly by bringing into action two attachment devices present on the surface of phagocytic cells:
		This coating of the organisms by molecules that speed up phagocytosis, is termed 'opsonization', and the Fc portion of antibody, and C3 are termed 'opsonins'.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /MBChB/bloodmap/Phagocytosis.html (360 words)

	Phagocytosis - LoveToKnow 1911
		In studying the process of phagocytosis generally much information may be gained as to its general characters by the study of the processes of intracellular digestion in the simpler Invertebrates, a study largely extended by Metchnikoff and his coworkers in the elaboration of Metchnikoff's view of the nature of immunity.
		Very commonly living organisms effect an entrance through wound surfaces, the alimentary surface, andc., and one of the processes employed for their destruction and removal is that of phagocytosis.
		As an illustration of the removal of foreign red blood corpuscles we may take the experiments of Metchnikoff in which a small drop of defibrinated blood of the goose was injected under the skin of a snail.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Phagocytosis (2013 words)

	Phagocytosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In animals, phagocytosis is performed by specialized cells called phagocytes, which serve to remove foreign bodies and thus fight infection.
		Phagocytosis is also involved in immune tolerance, which prevents inflammation against normal components of the body.
		In many protists, phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding, providing part or all of their nourishment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phagocytosis (426 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A novel flow cytometric assay for measurement of In Vivopulmonary neutrophil phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis assays are traditionally performed in vitro using polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from peripheral blood or the peritoneum and heat-killed, pre-opsonized organisms.
		Phagocytosis and killing of pathogens by resident alveolar macrophages and recruited polymorphonuclear leuckocytes (PMNs) is integral in clearing bacterial respiratory tract infections.
		As with all phagocytosis assays, however, there is concern about the ability to differentiate ingested organisms from those bound to the outside of the phagocytes [7-9].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/6/61 (3841 words)

	Phagocytosis Summary
		Phagocytosis (literally "cell-eating") is a form of endocytosis wherein large particles are enveloped by the cell membrane of a (usually larger) cell and internalized to form a phagosome, or "food vacuole."
		In animals, phagocytosis is performed by specialized cells called phagocytes, which serve to remove foreign bodies and thus fight infection.
		In many protists, phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding, providing part or all of their nourishment.
	www.bookrags.com /Phagocytosis (973 words)

	Phagocytosis \| World of Biology
		Phagocytosis (from the Greek word phagein, meaning to eat,andkytos, meaning vessel) is the process in which cells engulf small solid particles, including, on occasion, whole cells.
		Phagocytosis is one form of endocytosis, the process by which materials are engulfed into a cell.
		While phagocytosis is important for nutrition in some less complex organisms, these phagocytic cells are an important part of defense (immune) systems in some more complex organisms.
	www.bookrags.com /research/phagocytosis-wob (330 words)

	Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis in these cells is important for the elaboration of a specific immune response rather than for directly destroying the pathogens.
		Phagocytosis begins with the neutrophil or macrophage flowing around the pathogen and engulfing it so that it winds up enclosed in a phagosome (phagocytic vesicle).
		But phagocytosis is far more effective if microorganisms are labelled as such by special molecules that bind to their surface.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/bloodcells/phagocytosis.htm (719 words)

	Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity - Cambridge University Press
		The complexity is thus in part due to the diversity of receptors capable of stimulating phagocytosis, and in part due to the capacity of different microbes to influence their own fate, as they are recognized and internalized.
		Phagocytosis is generally defined as the internalization of particles with a diameter of at least 0.5 μm, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, large immune complexes, or apoptotic cells and cell debris.
		Phagocytosis and endocytosis are distinguishable by the importance of actin polymerization, which directs membrane motility during phagocytosis, but not endocytosis.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511242972&ss=exc (3277 words)

	Cell Research - Phagocytosis of optically-trapped particles: delivery of the pure phagocytic signal
		Neutrophil Signalling Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK Phagocytosis is a fundamental cell biological process exhibited by a wide variety of cell types from single cell organisms, which rely on this for feeding, to phagocytes in higher animals, which rely on specialised immune cells for combating infecting micro-organisms.
		In these approaches, it is difficult to disentangle the phenomena of phagocytosis from adhesion and chemotaxis and there is also the possible cross-talk between chemotactic and phagocytosis signalling pathways.
		The process of phagocytosis can thus be observed in the absence of other contact signals to the cell (other than the holding force from the laser trap).
	www.nature.com /cr/journal/v16/n11/full/7310105a.html (1281 words)

	Eurekah - Molecular Mechanisms of Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis, the process by which particulate matter is taken up by cells, is characteristic of many cell types including the pigmented epithelium of the eye, Langerhans cells in the skin, the microglia in the brain, and Kupffer cells in the liver.
		Phagocytosis is an phylogenetically conserved mechanism utilized by many cells to ingest microbial pathogens and apoptotic or necrotic corpses.
		Phagocytosis is triggered by the interaction of opsonins covering the surface of a phagocytic target with specific phagocyte receptors.
	www.eurekah.com /book/670 (451 words)

	Lawrence A. Klobutcher Faculty Member at the UConn Health Center Graduate School
		Phagocytosis refers to the process by which cells are able to ingest large particles (>1 um).
		In addition, phagocytosis is important in clearing cell debris and for tissue remodeling during development.
		Learning how phagocytosis is carried out is thus important for understanding tissue maintenance and immune defense in humans, as well as the infection strategies of some disease-causing microorganisms.
	grad.uchc.edu /phdfaculty/klobutcher.html (1017 words)

	Phosphatidylserine-Mediated Phagocytosis of Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages -- ...
		(C) Phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles by macrophages was conducted in the presence or absence of PS liposomes.
		Phagocytosis of influenza virus-infected cells leads to inhibition of virus growth (9).
		Recognition of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic spermatogenic cells and subsequent phagocytosis by Sertoli cells of the rat.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/19/9240 (2672 words)

	Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis is the engulfing of some foreign particle by a biological cell to form a food vacuole.
		Many protists obtain part or all of their nourishment by phagocytosis of smaller organisms, called phagotrophic nutrition to distinguish it from nourishment by absorption, which is called osmotrophic nutrition.
		In many cells, phagocytosis takes place by surrounding the target object with pseudopods.
	www.wordlookup.net /ph/phagocytosis.html (255 words)

	Wikinfo \| Phagocytosis
		Phagocytosis is the ingestion or engulfing of some foreign particle or cell by a phagocytic cell to form a food vacuole.
		Phagocytic cells are either one-celled organisms or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.
		Lower life forms use phagocytosis as a means of feeding, whereas higher species use it to fight infection.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Phagocytosis (357 words)

	Coiling Phagocytosis Discriminates between Different Spirochetes and Is Enhanced by Phorbol Myristate Acetate and ...
		The frequencies of phagocytosis were determined by electron microscopy as described in Materials and Methods; untreated monocytes gave the spontaneous phagocytic activity, set at 100%.
		Coiling phagocytosis is the preferential phagocytic mechanism for Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Phagocytosis and the induction of the respiratory burst.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/2/627 (5124 words)

	Microglial Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Inflammatory T Cells Leads to Down-Regulation of Microglial Immune Activation -- ...
		Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and modulation by different cytokines: a mechanism for removal of apoptotic cells in the inflamed nervous system.
		Phagocytosis triggers macrophage release of Fas ligand and induces apoptosis of bystander leukocytes.
		Phagocytosis of aged human neutrophils by macrophages is mediated by a novel "charge-sensitive" recognition mechanism.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/167/9/5004 (5165 words)

	The cellular prion protein modulates phagocytosis and inflammatory response -- de Almeida et al. 77 (2): 238 -- Journal ...
		In an in vivo assay of acute peritonitis,
		Phagocytosis was assayed without peritoneal leukocytes, with fresh nonapoptotic peritoneal leukocytes, and with apoptotic peritoneal leukocytes.
		assayed in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic peritoneal leukocytes
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/full/77/2/238 (5598 words)

	Continuity between wound macrophage and fibroblast phenotype: analysis of wound fibroblast phagocytosis -- Arlein et ...
		Cells in the lower left quadrant are considered phagocytosis and procollagen I negative; cells in the upper left quadrant are phagocytosis negative and procollagen I positive; cells in the lower right quadrant are phagocytosis positive and procollagen I negative; cells in the upper right quadrant are phagocytosis and procollagen I positive.
		Phagocytosis by a purified population of WFIB was assessed to determine similarities to macrophage
		Phagocytosis and digestion of collagen by gingival fibroblasts in vivo: a study of serial sections.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/4/R1041 (3805 words)

	15.4.3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A phagocyte is a cell that has the ability to ingest and degrade particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells and cell debris, dust particles, colloids, and, in principle, medical nanorobots.
		This process of ingestion and destruction is called phagocytosis [2832, 2867].
		This Section opens with a general description of phagocytes, phagocytosis, and the reticuloendothelial system (Section 15.4.3.1), and then describes the phagocytic clearance of microparticles from the blood (Section 15.4.3.2), from the nonsanguinous spaces (Section 15.4.3.3), the lymphatics (Section 15.4.3.4), and by foreign body reaction (Section 15.4.3.5).
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMIIA/15.4.3.htm (118 words)

	PHAGOCYTOSIS
		The concept of phagocytosis is an interesting one to students, yet a hard one to visualize.
		If this is your choice, you might want to give them the task of forming the vacuole and then holding the beach ball up with their bodies (remember they are holding hands), taking care not to drop it, as they move to the lysosome.
		Given the high cellular energy cost of phagocytosis, it is a good idea to initiate a discussion of the value of extracellular digestion over intracellular digestion (the saving of energy).
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/ATG/data/released/0520-MichaelJVLazaroff/index.html (1597 words)

	Opsonins
		Earlier we studied the basics of phagocytosis using the figure shown to the right, which shows the formation of the phagosome and the subsequent fusion of lysosomes to form the phagolysosome.
		With dendritic cells, phagocytosis is not for the purpose of destroying the pathogen, but rather for collecting antigen and carrying it to lymphocytes in lymph nodes, the white pulp of the spleen or the MALT.
		Thus, while the phagocytosis and activation of dendritic cells is innate (non-specific), the point of the phagocytosis to help promote a specific immune response.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/inflammation/innatephagocytosis.htm (1058 words)

	Recognition of Phosphatidylserine on the Surface of Apoptotic Spermatogenic Cells and Subsequent Phagocytosis by ...
		Recognition of Phosphatidylserine on the Surface of Apoptotic Spermatogenic Cells and Subsequent Phagocytosis by Sertoli Cells of the Rat -- Shiratsuchi et al.
		Phagocytosis of dying or dead spermatogenic cells by Sertoli cells.
		the involvement of acidic phospholipids in the phagocytosis of
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/4/2354 (4047 words)

	Complement Receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) Mediates Type I and Type II Phagocytosis During Nonopsonic and Opsonic Phagocytosis, ...
		Phagocytosis of FITC-labeled Z for 2 (A) and 7 (B) h or opsonized FITC-Z for 30 min (A) and 1 h (B) is shown.
		A) whereas phagocytosis of OZ was not altered (Fig.
		Phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan by human monocyte-derived macrophages: maturation and inhibition by mannan.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/169/4/2003 (4736 words)

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