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Topic: Phagspa

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	Phagspa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Phagspas Onkel Sakya Pandita war auf den ausdrücklichen Wunsch Prinz Godens hin an den Mongolenhof gereist, wo er 1247/9 von Karakorum zum Vizekönig Tibets ernannt worden ist.
		Phagspa lebte lange Zeit bei Hofe (Khanbalyq) in China und kehrte erst vier Jahre vor seinem Tod nach Tibet zurück.
		Nach Phagspas Tod 1279/80 wurde dieser Ziviladministrator von den Sakyapa bzw.
	www.jenskleemann.de /wissen/bildung/wikipedia/p/ph/phagspa.html (828 words)

	PHAGSPA LAMA
		Phagspa (1235-1280) was a Tibetan who played a very important role in the history of Mongolia.
		In 1244, as a young prince of Sakya, Phagspa, together with his brother Chanadorje, accompanied their uncle Sakya Pandita (1182-1251) as hostages to meet Godan Khan, second son of ÷g^dei.
		When Khubilai Khan asked for artists and craftsmen, it was Phagspa who recommended Anige, the phenomenal Newari artist who came to Dadu in 1260 with twenty-four artisans and contributed greatly to the art of the Yuan dynasty.
	www.asianart.com /mongolia/phagspa.html (550 words)

	Phagspa - infos.aus-germanien.de
		Phagspas Onkel Sakya Pandita war 1249 von Karakorum zum Vizekönig Tibets ernannt worden und dann auf ausdrücklichen Wunsch Prinz Godens an den Mongolenhof gereist, wo er starb.
		Phagspa lebte lange Zeit bei Hofe (Khan-balyq) in China und kehrte erst vier Jahre vor seinem Tod nach Tibet zurück.
		Bekannt ist Phagspa auch, weil er für Kubilai eine mongolische Schrift entwickelte.
	infos.aus-germanien.de /Phagspa (476 words)

	Phagspa
		Phagspas Onkel Sakya Pandita war 1249 Karakorum zum Vizekönig Tibets ernannt worden und auf ausdrücklichen Wunsch Prinz Godens an den gereist wo er starb.
		Phagspa lebte lange Zeit bei Hofe Khan-balyq) in China und kehrte erst vier vor seinem Tod nach Tibet zurück.
		Phagspas Nachfolger als Religions -Chef des Yuan-Reiches wurde der von Phagspa noch selbst Mönchsstudent Senge († 1291) der ihm aufgrund seines aufgefallen war.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Phagspa.html (440 words)

	Don Croner's World Wide Wanders: Mongolia \| Tibetan Buddhism \| Phagspa
		Phagspa complied, and to show her appreciation for the initiation Zangmo gave Phagspa her ear-ring containing a huge pearl.
		Phagspa said this was not possible because Khubilai was a king and a king would not be able to observe the vows necessary to take the initiation.
		Phagspa was also a remarkable scholar who developed an elaborate Buddhist religio-political theory of world rule based on the idea of chakravartin kings, a line of benevolent Buddhist rulers whose latest representative was none other than Khubilai himself.
	www.doncroner.com /2005/02/mongolia-tibetan-buddhism-phagspa.html (1557 words)

	Don Croner's World Wide Wanders: 02/24/05
		This accomplishment led to the nickname “Phagspa,” meaning “Exceptional.” He arrived at the Mongol court (presumably at Kharkhorum) in 1253, at the age of eighteen and was soon presented to Khubilai.
		Later Phagspa reportedly sold the pearl and used the funds to put a gold roof on one of the temples at Sakya Monastery in Tibet.
		Although it did not fully address all the issues raised, Khubilai and Phagspa agreed to this conciliatory compromise, and a Hevajra initiation was given to the Mongolian ruler and twenty-four of his associates.
	www.doncroner.com /BlogArchive/2005_02_24_achive.html (1565 words)

	phagspa_script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Phagspa script (also square script) was an Abugida designed by the Lama Phagspa for the emperor Kublai Khan during the Yuan Dynasty in China, as a unified script for all languages within the Mongolian Empire.
		Phagspa extended his native Tibetan script to encompass Mongol and Chinese.
		Comparison of Phagspa characters and traditional Chinese vowels, a summary of documentations during the era.
	www.hondparts.com /wiki/?title=Phagspa_script (273 words)

	Lexikon Phagspa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Er war der VizekÃ¶nig von Tibet zwischen dem Tod seines VorgÃ¤ngers und Onkels Sakya Pandita 1251 und seinem eigenen Tod 1270/80.
		Der Streit wurde zwar bald gÃ¼tlich beigelegt und der Karmapa Pakshi (â 1283) lehrte noch lange, aber Phagspa und Phyag-na waren nun als Regenten Tibets unangreifbar.
		Bekannt ist Phagspa auch, weil er fÃ¼r Kubilai eine mongolische Schrift entwickelte, die sich aber nicht nachhaltig gegen das bereits von den Uiguren Ã¼bernommene Alphabet durchsetzen konnte.
	www.internetinhaltsverzeichnis.de /Lexikon/Phagspa (686 words)

	History of Khan the universal ruler invades museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		porcelain bearing Jurchen, Persian, Uygur, Khitan, Han Chinese and Phagspa scripts used by the ancient Mongolians from the 12th century.
		Phagspa was an important political activist, grand lama and scholar, and honoured by Kublai Khan as the Imperial Tutor.
		The Phagspa script, historians say, is a combination of the Tibetan and Sanskrit writings.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_newupdate/2004-09/07/content_59804_2.htm (279 words)

	Stem Cup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An unusual feature of this stem cup is the four-character 'Phagspa script mark inscribed in underglaze blue on the interior wall of the foot.
		The second is a blue-and-white dish in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, decorated with dragons among floral scrolls.
		Since all three vessels are decorated in the style of the Zhengde reign, and yet have 'Phagspa marks corresponding to the Jiajing reign mark, it is probable that they were produced in the first years of the latter period.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/eastcer/eastcer-53029.0.html (646 words)

	Phagspa ein InfoBitte / WeltChronik Sach-Artikel (Enzyklopädie / Lexikon)
		Phagspa ein InfoBitte / WeltChronik Sach-Artikel (Enzyklopädie / Lexikon)
		Phagspa ist die bedeutendste Figur der Sakyapa-Sekte (*1239 / † 1279).
		Nach Phagspas Tod 1279 wurde der in Tibet eingesetzte Ziviladministrator
	www.infobitte.de /free/lex/wpdeLex0/online/p/ph/Phagspa.htm (588 words)

	Mongolian alphabet - China-related Topics MM-MP - China-Related Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		During the Yuan Dynasty, the Kublai Khan asked Phagspa to design a new writing system to be used by the whole empire.
		Phagspa in turn modified the traditional Tibetan script and gave birth to a new set of characters called Phagspa characters.
		For the purpose of encoding in digital media, Phagspa characters are allocated a block of 56 characters from U+A840 to U+A87F, and they will be available in Unicode 4.1, scheduled to be published after April 2005.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Mongolian_alphabet (521 words)

	Abecedaria: Genghis Khan
		He assigned this task to the Tibetan Buddhist lama Phagspa, who in 1269 presented the khan with a set of forty-one letters derived from the Tibetan alphabet.
		Khubilai Khan made Phagspa's script the empire's official script, but rather than force the system on anyone, he allowed the Chinese and all other subjects to continue using their own writing system as well in the hope that the new script would eventually replace the old by showing its superiority.
		Chinese scholars felt too attached to their own ancient language to allow themselves to be cut off from it by a new, and obviously barbarian, system of writing, and most subject people eventually abandoned the mongol writing system as soon as Mongol power waned." p.
	abecedaria.blogspot.com /2005/09/genghis-khan.html (1200 words)

	Hangul (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.wisc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		(Phagspa has been called a seal script because both it and the Chinese seal scripts have a somewhat similar blockish appearance.) There were certainly plenty of Phagspa manuscripts in the Korean palace library, and several of Sejong's ministers knew the script well.
		Although several of the basic concepts of hangul came from the Phagspa script with its origin in Indic phonology, such as the relationships of homorganic jamo and, of course, the alphabetic principle itself, Chinese Phonology also played a major role.
		(Several Phagspa vowels were simple lines, like hangul, but this doesn't tell us much.) Middle Korean had vowel harmony (that is, some vowel Sounds changed into each other according to their environment), which was described in terms of yin and yang.
	hangul.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (4509 words)

	Phagspa script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Phagspa script (also square script) was an abugida designed by the Tibetan Lama Phagspa for the emperor Kublai Khan during the Yuan Dynasty in China, as a unified script for all languages within the Mongolian Empire.
		The vast documentation about its use gives modern linguists many clues about the changes of the Chinese languages and other Asian languages during the period.
		Phagspa extended his native Tibetan script (a Indic script) to encompass Mongol and Chinese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phagspa_script (359 words)

	Teacher's Guide to the Festival of Mongolia
		Accompanying him was his nephew, Chogyal Phagspa who would succeed him to serve Khubilai Khan, Mongolian emperor of China and founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
		Phagspa was instrumental in translating the Buddhist canon into Mongolian and devising a new script.
		After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty and a period of political disorder, Altan Khan attempted to increase the authority of Buddhism in Mongolian society in 1577.
	www.amnh.org /education/teachersguides/mongolia/page6.html (526 words)

	Mongolian Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese.
		Phagspa extended his native Tibetan script to encompass Mongolian and Chinese; the result was known by several descriptive names, such as the Mongolian seal script, but today is known as the Phagspa alphabet.
		This script did not receive wide acceptance and fell into disuse with the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368.
	www.celebrities-site.com /results/index.php?title=Mongolian_alphabet (541 words)

	Chapter 1: China and the Manchus
		The necessity for something more convenient soon appealed to the prescient and active mind of Nurhachu; accordingly, in 1599, he gave orders to two learned scholars to prepare a suitable script for his rapidly increasing subjects.
		This they accomplished by basing the new script upon Mongol, which had been invented in 1269, by Baschpa, or 'Phagspa, a Tibetan lama, acting under the direction of Kublai Khan.
		Baschpa had based his script upon the written language of the Ouigours, who were descendants of the Hsiung-nu, or Huns.
	www.romanization.com /books/giles/manchus/chap01.html (1873 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		(Top) Phagspa letters [k, t, p, s, l], and their supposed hangul derivatives [k, t, p, ts, l].
		(Bottom) Derivation of Phagspa w, v, f from variants of the letter [h] (left) plus a subscript [w], and analogous composition of hangul w, v, f from variants of the basic letter [p] plus a circle.
		In Phagspa, this loop also represented w after vowels.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Hangul (5426 words)

	Re: Transcoding Tamil in the presence of markup
		It's certain that to inventors of the Korean script (King Sejong and scholars in his court), Indic scripts and Phagspa script were well known (Mongolian was one of languages taught at the nat'l foreign language school at the time and King Sejong was interested in translating Buddhist books in Sanskrit).
		There are several theories about the 'origin' of the Korean scripts (what script was meant by 'åç' mentioned as the basis of the Korean script in the book explaning the principles of the script).
		Others think it's influenced by other scripts known at the time(Indic and Phagspa among others have been frequently mentioned since the late 15th century).
	www.mail-archive.com /unicode@unicode.org/msg20566.html (438 words)

	Visit Permits, Lhasa, Regent Tour China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A pair of embroidered shoes 30 centimeters long from the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).
		The shoes were worn by Phagspa (1235-1280), the fifth patriarch of the Sa-kya-pa sect of Tibetan Buddhism.
		Phagspa contributed significantly to the unification of China and received the title of Teacher of the Great Yuan Emperor
	www.regenttour.com /chinaplanner/lxa/lxa-odds-clothes.htm (266 words)

	Alphabet - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		On the other hand, the Phagspa script of the Mongol Empire was based closely on the Tibetan abugida, but all vowel marks were written after the preceding consonant rather than as diacritic marks.
		century was apparently derived from Tibetan via the Phagspa alphabet of the Mongol Empire.
		Besides Aramaic, the Phoenician alphabet gave rise to the Berber and Greek alphabets.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=670 (2336 words)

	Zanhereiwo Mixed Hanzi and Kana Writing - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Note the lip on both Phagspa [t] and hangul ㄷ;.
		Phagspa was a Tibetan scholar, who worked for Mongolians to make a new script.
		But this script (Phagspa script) is based in Tibetan rather than Mongolian.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=7948&st=15 (781 words)

	Faculty - Chen Qingying
		Chronological Life of Phagspa, the Imperial Tutor of the Yuan Dynasty, World Religions Studies, No. 4, 1985.
		The Phagspa Mongolian Scripts on the Couplets of Kumbum Monastery,Â Â Â Â Â Tibetan Studies, No. 3, 1986.
		Phagspaâs New Year Congratulations to Khublai Khan, Tibetan Studies, No 2.
	219.239.12.20 /English/Faculty/Chengqingying_en.html (2218 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		(Bottom) Derivation of Phagspa w, v, f from variants of the letter (left) plus a subscript [34], and analogous composition of hangul w, v, f from variants of the basic letter plus a circle.]]
		The Chinese initial å¾® represented either m or w in various dialects, and this may be reflected in the choice of ã [39] plus ã (from Phagspa [40]) as the elements of hangul á¢, for another letter composed of two elements to represent two regional pronunciations.
		Finally, most of the borrowed hangul letters were simple geometric shapes, at least originally, but ã· d [41] always had a small lip protruding from the upper left corner, just as the Phagspa d [42] did.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hangul (5322 words)

	Rossi & Rossi on Asianart.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		However, though we cannot be sure Zanabazar ever saw works created by Anige himself, works in Anige’s Newar style certainly still held currency.
		Also, we do know Zanabazar and his advisors were familiar with the history of the Mongolia Empire under Khubilai Khan and his political and religious advisor, the Tibetan Sakya hierarch Phagspa.
		It is therefore highly likely Zanabazar was aware of Phagspa’s patronage of Anige and sought inspiration in the earlier Newar aesthetic.
	www.asianart.com /rossi/gallery5/12.html (555 words)

	Origin of mandarin language - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It writes "'Phagspa" as "八思巴" (not "巴思巴" or "八思八"), that means the Rusheng on 八 had not disappeared.
		"ng-" is lost (吳="u") since 1330/1333 edition: 'Phagspa had "ka kha ga nga" and it's not the incapability.
		EDIT:"百" was transribed with "ba" initial in Phagspa, certainly Chinese already confused [b] with [p] and just use it.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9233&st=15&p=4786539&#entry4786539 (705 words)

	china radio international
		En sa qualité du premier précepteur impérial, Phagspa fut aussi membre du Conseil d'administration du bouddhisme.
		En 1265, Kubilay conféra le titre de 'Grand roi bouddhique' et de 'Premier précepteur impérial' à Phagspa.
		C'est sous les recommandations de Phagspa qu'il désigna les fonctionnaires locaux chargés d'administrer les affaires du Tibet, ainsi que les chefs des 13 unités wanhu.
	fr.chinabroadcast.cn /1/2004/11/12/103@46457.htm (341 words)

	Dancing Demons - Ceremonial Masks of Mongolia
		Indeed, the legacy of this first phase of Mongolian Lamaism is seen more in China than in Mongolia.
		The Tibetan monk ‘Phagspa (1235-1280), who had originally come to the Mongol imperial court not as a missionary but as a hostage to ensure the good behavior of his unruly compatriots, had considerable success in conducting his missionary activities in court circles.
		During the rule of the Mongols, a number of important Lamaist monuments were built in China, including the White Pagoda of Beijing and the Juyongguan Gate just inside the Great Wall near Beijing.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/mongolia/buddha.html (963 words)

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