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	Birds of Nova Scotia - Red-necked Phalarope
		Unlike the Red Phalarope, it is not known to winter in the Atlantic; the birds we see in the Maritimes probably move inland across the continent later and winter off the Pacific coast of South America.
		Remarks In breeding plumage, the Red-necked Phalarope, formerly known as "Northern Phalarope", is readily distinguished from the Red Phalarope by its darker upperparts and pale underparts.
		The tide-rips at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy are as important a feeding area for the Red-necked Phalarope during fall migration as the mudflats at the head of the bay are for the Semipalmated Sandpiper.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0162.htm (608 words)

	PHALAROPE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They are unusual in that the female is larger and more brightly colored than the male and is the aggressor in courtship, while the male builds the cup-shaped nest on open tundra, and incubates the eggs, which number three to five per clutch.
		The Wilson’s phalarope, Steganopus tricolor, is the only member of the family that nests in the United States, breeding in marshes of the Great Plains.
		Phalaropes are classfied in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Phalaropodidae.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ph/phalarop.html (156 words)

	Phalarope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name Phalarope refers to any of three species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus Phalaropus of the bird family Scolopacidae.
		Red and Red-necked Phalaropes are unusual amongst shorebirds in that they are considered pelagic, that is, they spend a great deal of their lives outside the breeding season well out to sea.
		Phalaropes are unusually halophilic (salt-loving) and feed in great numbers in saline lakes such as Mono Lake in California and the Great Salt Lake of Utah.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phalarope (302 words)

	Orvis - Conservation Effort - Phalarope in Utah and Canada
		The Wilson’s phalarope is used as an indicator species for a number of water and wetland dependant birds and is one of the most remarkable of all species to illustrate the concept of stopover ecology, the dependence of migrating bird species upon widely spaced islands of habitat and resources.
		While the Wilson’s phalaropes have a strong dependence upon the Great Salt Lake habitat and the abundance of brine fly populations, the brine flies, in turn, depend upon the natural salinity of the lake.
		The two primary threats to Wilson’s phalaropes in their breeding grounds in Canada are drainage and cultivation of wetlands and inappropriate cattle grazing on shoreline and upland nesting habitat.
	www.orvis.com /intro.asp?subject=504 (1105 words)

	phalarope on Encyclopedia.com
		(făl´erōpand180;), common name for members of the family Phalaropodidae, shore birds, called “little swimming sandpipers.” Phalaropes, small, dainty birds with webbed toes, are the most aquatic of the shore bird group.
		The northern and red phalaropes, Phalaropus lobatus and P.
		Phalaropes are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Phalaropodidae.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/phalarop.asp (396 words)

	Wilson's Phalarope.
		About the same period my son procured two specimens of this Phalarope out of a flock of five, on the rocks at the rapids of the Ohio below Louisville.
		Like it, this Phalarope wades in the water up to its body, picks for food right and left, turns about, and performs all its motions with vivacity and elegance.
		They kept closer together than the Yellow-shanks usually do, but, like them, they would for a few moments raise their wings as if apprehensive of getting into too deep water and being obliged to fly.
	www.audubon.org /bird/boa/F36_G3b.html (1079 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Scolopacidae - Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)
		The winter Red Phalarope has a much darker back and the bill is two-toned with an orange base and fl tip, in contrast to the all fl bill of the Red-necked Phalarope.
		Habitat: The Red-necked Phalarope is found on the tundra along the shores of bogs, ponds, and lakes during the breeding season.
		Like other phalaropes the female is the more brightly marked sex and the male spends its time tending the eggs and taking care of the young, an interesting role-reversal for the birds.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/sandpipe/Plobat.htm (367 words)

	Wilson's Phalarope
		Although the Wilson's Phalarope, Red Phalarope, and Red-necked Phalarope are all in the same family as shore-hugging sandpipers, they are so unusual that they have sometimes been considered a separate family.
		All three species of phalarope forage while swimming, sometimes whirling in a circle to create a vortex that brings small invertebrates to the surface for easier capture.
		The phalarope genus name, Phalaropus, means "coot-footed" and was inspired by the phalarope's feet which are adapted for swimming.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /wilsons_phalarope_info.htm (515 words)

	The Infography about the Red-Necked Phalarope
		The pelagic ecology of the grey and red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus fulicarius and P. lobatus in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada.
		Breeding biology of the Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus in Finland.
		The behavior of the red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus L.) in spring.
	www.infography.com /content/461294030519.html (190 words)

	The Rednecked Phalarope Breaks Bird Stereotypes, Alaska Science Forum
		Mother phalaropes drop the eggs and their parental duties simultaneously, hopping off in search of another mate and leaving dad alone to raise the kids.
		The phalarope way of making more phalaropes is somewhat unique in the animal kingdom, where mothers usually nurture young, and fathers—as is the case with bull moose— sometimes assume the role of deadbeat dads after mating.
		Phalaropes’ success despite the destruction of so many of their nests may be due to the females’ readiness to breed.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF15/1511.html (670 words)

	Red Phalarope VARCOM Report (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The edge of the pond where the phalarope was observed is a mixture of birch and other small bushy shrubs.
		The times the Red Phalarope was in the shade of the birch bushes the viewing was very good - and at a distance of less than ten feet at one point.
		The phalarope was observed flying on two different occasions - the first a long flight over the pond and trees and a final short flight into a marshy area.
	www.bcplnet.org /birdclub/events/RedPhalarope.htm (843 words)

	* Phalarope - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wilson's Phalarope is a unique shorebird that breeds across much of central and western North America, and winters in southern South America...
		This is the only phalarope that leads its entire life on the interior of the continent...
		The small shorebirds were at the edge of the weed, or nestled within the thick, wet mats...
	www.bestknows.com /bird/phalarope.html (371 words)

	Red Phalarope - September 5, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This molting phalarope was discovered by Mark Vass on September 4 and initially identified as a Red-necked Phalarope.
		After coming to the realization that the initial species ID was wrong, it became clear to me that the bird is in fact not an adult at all, but a juvenile molting into basic plumage.
		In characteristic Red (or Red-necked) phalarope fashion, this bird had found a food source it liked very much and became entirely focused on it, allowing very close approach, to which these photos will testify.
	home.earthlink.net /~pomarine/id53.html (515 words)

	Red Phalarope - Birding Identifications (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Large numbers of Red Phalaropes can be seen during fall migration off both coasts in August, September, and October.
		Phalaropes reverse the usual sex roles in birds: Females are larger and more colorful than males; females take the lead in courtship, and males are left to incubate the eggs and care for the young.
		The Red Phalarope nests in the high Arctic and winters in flocks on southern oceans.
	www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com /peterson/resources/identifications/reph/index.shtml (477 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Scolopacidae - Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor)
		The bill of Wilson's Phalarope is much longer and thinner than in either of these two species.
		The long, narrow bill of Wilson's Phalarope is usually sufficient to separate the winter plumage bird from either the Red Phalarope or the Red-necked Phalarope.
		Habitat: Wilson's Phalarope is a denizen of prairie sloughs, marshes, and pools, although it is sometimes also found along the shores of rivers and lakes.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/sandpipe/Ptricol.htm (287 words)

	Effects of Management Practices on Wetland Birds: Wilson's Phalarope
		Wilson's Phalaropes in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and North Dakota nested in grasses of various heights on islands or in wet-meadow zones around lakes and wetlands; in Saskatchewan, brood rearing occurred in patches of foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) (Bent 1962, Hohn 1967, Kagarise 1979, Colwell 1987).
		Wilson's Phalaropes nest in idle, hayed, and grazed grasslands adjacent to wetlands (Hohn 1967, Kantrud and Higgins 1992).
		Wilson's Phalaropes nest in upland vegetation early in the breeding season and wet-meadow vegetation later in the season (Colwell and Oring 1990).
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/literatr/wetbird/wiph/wiph.htm (3582 words)

	Sighting Record for Utah - Red Phalarope
		The bird was first observed in silhouette; subsequently we got permission to enter the sewage ponds and were able to circle almost all the way around the bird, observing it from many angles in both direct and indirect sunlight.
		The bird was easily separated from Wilson’s Phalarope with numerous direct comparative views and a plethora of field characters, including overall coloration, shape, bill size and shape, and white wing stripe.
		Red-necked Phalarope was also clearly eliminated by the entirely reddish underparts, the short thick bill with a blunt tip and a yellow base.
	www.utahbirds.org /RecCom/2003/2003_27.htm (492 words)

	THE PHALAROPE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since all of the phalaropes turned in unison, the effect was stunning.
		Then, one of the phalaropes swam boldly toward the people standing at the shore, pecking at flies on the water-surface as it approached.
		Phalaropes will spin in tight circles like that to stir up food and concentrate it into a little whirlpool.
	www.thesierraweb.com /sightseeing/monolake/ph.html (1072 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Red phalaropes are also known as whale-birds due to the fact that they often feed on the same concentrations of zooplankton as baleen whales.
		It is distinguished from the red-necked phalarope by its flatter and thicker bill.
		Their migration is mostly over water, unlike the red-necked phalarope, and they usually winter on the Atlantic coasts of Africa or South America.
	www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca /birds/speciesacc/Arctic/Arc_Birds/Scolopacidae/P_fulicarius.htm (244 words)

	Wilson's Phalarope
		Flashy females compete for smaller mates and somberly-clad males incubate eggs and raise nestlings.
		The recording of the Wilson's Phalarope was made by Randolph Scott Little.
		Recordings of the Wilson's Phalarope may be found on our Peterson Field Guide Series Eastern/Central Bird Songs CD available at our online Cornell Lab Birding Shop.
	birds.cornell.edu /BOW/wilpha (611 words)

	No. AZ Audubon Forum - Birds and Conservation
		The phalarope was almost always with 20 yards of the gull, and often much closer.
		While walking back from confirming the phalarope I flushed a few sparrows from the tall grass and rocks in the drainage right by the dam on the southwest side.
		Did not see the phalarope, though it was so windy and choppy that it was difficult even picking up ducks and grebes...no help really on confirming or denying its presence.
	nazas.org /sightings/viewthread.php?tid=458 (657 words)

	phalarope - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 24 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word phalarope:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "phalarope" is defined.
		phalarope : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=phalarope (187 words)

	Phalarope (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With the exception of long trips, which sometimes lasted the whole day, the Phalarope would return about noontime early enough for the participants to change and be ready for their luncheon, which was served by the MBL messhall sharply at 1:30 p.
		The collecting trip became so popular, especially when the weather was good, that the number of passengers on board had to be restricted to conform to safety regulations enforced by the Coast Guard.
		In addition to the material needed for research at the Fisheries and collected by the scientists themselves or under their supervision, the Phalarope brought live fishes for the aquarium, which was open to the public every day of the week.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /history/ships/phalarope/phalarope.html (269 words)

	Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists (MW)
		All three Phalarope species of the world fauna are known from Bulgaria.
		Bulgaria is on the way between the breeding and wintering ranges of Red-necked Phalarope Scandinavian population.
		The main staging state for Phalaropes in Bulgaria is the Atanassovsko Lake where 53% of recorded individuals stop and feed.
	herba.msu.ru /russian/journals/bmsn/104/1999_3_res.html (1296 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Red-necked Phalarope (formerly the Northern Phalarope) is the smallest of the three phalaropes and has the shortest bill.
		The juvenile Red-necked Phalarope is buff and fl streaked, but it has molted out of that plumage by the time it moves through Washington.
		In the inland Spring migration, Red-necked Phalaropes begin to appear in small numbers in mid-April, inrease to "uncommon" status in May, and are again seen only rarely in early June.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/species.asp?id=185 (1049 words)

	Red Phalarope, Ruddy Turnstones, phalarope heaven... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was a three-phalarope day for me on 7/22 - Amongst the 10,000 or so Red-necked (mostly) and Wilsons "ropes" was a lone juvenile Red Phalarope.
		The coloration of his head and chest made him stand out like a sore thumb.
		In addition to big numbers of phalaropes off of Wilson Creek (but mostly Red-necked), there were very large numbers of both Wilson's and Red-necked off of Samman's Spring area.
	www.monolake.org /birdcounts/birds2003/_disc1/0000003b.htm (108 words)

	Pelagic Trip, 30 November 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Without a doubt, the stars of the day were the phalaropes, with 992 Red Phalaropes and 243 phalarope sp.
		Identification of the latter was hampered by early morning fog, and later, distance.
		The majority of the phalaropes were found around man-made reefs in an area known as the Snapper Banks, 20 - 25 miles off of the Georgia Coast.
	www.gos.org /trips/981130jff.html (263 words)

	Great Moments in Science, Ep 19, 1998
		There are three species of phalarope, but the one that the scientists looked at is the red-necked phalarope.
		What is really amazing about the phalarope is that it feeds faster than any other animal on the planet.
		In one experiment, the scientists placed a phalarope in water that had been stained with a dye, directly over a dead shrimp in a dish.
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/gmis9819.htm (681 words)

	Grey Phalarope; a rare summer passage migrant
		The name phalarope means 'coot's feet' in Greek and, like the coot, it has partially webbed feet.
		Out at sea, where they spend most of their time outside the nesting season, small flocks of grey phalaropes have been seen to land on the backs of whales to feed on hard-shelled parasites.
		Grey Phalaropes are normally seen in Britain only on the spring or autumn migration.
	www.wildyorkshire.co.uk /naturediary/docs/jul00/jul06.html (455 words)

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