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Topic: Pharnabazus of Phrygia

	PHARNABAZUS - LoveToKnow Article on PHARNABAZUS
		Nldeke, was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis.
		The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps, of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and upright.
		The name Pharnabazus is also borne by a king of Iberia (Georgia) on the Caucasus, where the dynasty seems to have been of Persian origin, defeated by a general of Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) iii 36 n.e.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHARNABAZUS.htm (470 words)

	Wikipedia: Agesilaus II
		On his arrival at Ephesus a three months' truce was concluded with Tissaphernes, the satrap of Lydia and Caria, but negotiations conducted during that time proved fruitless, and on its termination Agesilaus raided Phrygia, where he easily won immense booty since Tissaphernes had concentrated his troops in Caria.
		It was said that he was planning a campaign in the interior, or even an attack on Artaxerxes himself, when he was recalled to Greece owing to the war between Sparta and the combined forces of Athens, Thebes, Corinth, Argos and several minor states.
		Reinforced by Phocian and Orchomenian troops and a Spartan army, he met the confederate forces at Coronea in Boeotia, and in a hotly contested battle was technically victorious, but the success was a barren one and he had to retire by way of Delphi to the Peloponnese.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/a/ag/agesilaus_ii.html (850 words)

	Pharnabazus (2)
		Pharnabazus was the son of a Persian nobleman named Pharnaces, who was satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, i.e., the northwest of what is now Turkey.
		Pharnabazus, who had been one of the architects of the conquest of the Ionian cities, was rewarded by his king: he married a princess named Apama.
		(She was the mother of Pharnabazus' younger son Artabazus.) He also received a very honorable new occupation: together with Tithraustes, he had to command an army that was to conquer Egypt, a former Persian possession that had been independent for some twenty years.
	www.livius.org /pha-phd/pharnabazus/pharnabazus02.html (1529 words)

	Pharnabazus
		Persian soldier and statesman, the son of Pharnaces, belonged to a family which from 478 governed the satrapy of Phrygia on the Hellespont, from its headquarters at Dascylium, and was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis.
		Pharnabazus first appears as satrap of this province in 413, when, having received orders from Darius II to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the coast, he, like Tissaphernes of Caria, entered into negotiations with Sparta and began war with Athens.
		In the time of Alexander the Great we meet with a Persian general Pharnabazus, son of Artabazus, who probably was the grandson of the older Pharnabazus.
	www.nndb.com /people/842/000097551 (399 words)

	Artabazus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The elder Artabazus son of Pharnaces was of the generals in Xerxes' invasion of Greece in charge of the reserve forces the route back to Asia and responsible suppressing a revolt in Potidaea.
		Pharnaces was in turn succeeded by son another Pharnabazus who is well known from his with Tissaphernes and wars against the Spartans.
		The younger Artabazus was the son of Pharnabazus and became satrap after Ariobarzanes who part in a revolt against the emperor crucified in 362 BC.
	www.freeglossary.com /Artabazus (235 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Agesilaus by Plutarch
		Agesilaus's answer was that the making of peace belonged to the Lacedaemonians, not to him; as for wealth, he had rather see it in his soldiers' hands than his own; that the Grecians thought it not honourable to enrich themselves with the bribes of their enemies, but with their spoils only.
		Pharnabazus being gone off, his son staying behind, ran up to Agesilaus, and smilingly said, "Agesilaus, I make you my guest;" and thereupon presented him with a javelin which he had in his hand.
		When Conon and Pharnabazus with the Persian navy were grown masters of the sea, and had not only infested the coast of Laconia, but also rebuilt the walls of Athens at the cost of Pharnabazus, the Lacedaemonians thought fit to treat of peace with the King of Persia.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/agesilus.html (8479 words)

	Tissaphernes
		When Darius II ordered the collection of the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities, he entered into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 led to the conquest of the greater part of Ionia.
		But Tissaphernes was unwilling to take action and tried to achieve his aim by astute and often perfidious negotiations; Alcibiades persuaded him that Persia's best policy was to keep the balance between Athens and Sparta, and rivalry with his neighbour Pharnabazus of Hellespontic Phrygia still further lessened his energy.
		When, therefore, in 408 the king decided to support Sparta strenuously, Tissaphernes was removed from the generalship and limited to the satrapy of Caria, whereas Lydia and the conduct of the war were entrusted to Cyrus the Younger.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ti/Tissaphernes.html (322 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pharnabazus, however, was ready to meet with encouragement the despondency which afflicted the whole Peloponnesian army and their allies.
		IV B.C. Pharnabazus and the ambassadors were passing the winter at Gordium in Phrygia, when they heard of the occurrences at Byzantium.
		Pharnabazus, wishing to escape all blame, for the time being detained them, telling them, at one time, that he would presently escort them up country to the king, and at another time that he would send them safe home.
	courses.ed.asu.edu /gonzalez/APHB/ETexts/Xenophon/Hellenica.txt (18812 words)

	William Smith : A Smaller History of [Ancient] Greece - Sparta
		But though at first successful against Pharnabazus in AEolis, Dercyllidas was subsequently surprised in Caria in such an unfavourable position that he would have suffered severely but for the timidity of Tissaphernes, who was afraid to venture upon an action.
		For as Conon and Pharnabazus sailed with their victorious fleet from island to island, and from port to port, their approach was everywhere the signal for the flight or expulsion of the Spartan harmosts.
		Pharnabazus also granted a large sum for the same purpose; and Conon had thus the glory of appearing, like a second Themistocles, the deliverer and restorer of his country.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/history-of-ancient-greece-16-sparta.asp (5569 words)

	Alcibiades - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His ill success, however, at Andros, and the defeat at Notium (407 BC) of his lieutenant Antiochus, led the Athenians to dismiss him from his command.
		After the Battle of Aegospotami, and the final defeat of Athens, he crossed the Hellespont and took refuge with Pharnabazus in Phrygia, with the object of securing the aid of Artaxerxes against Sparta.
		But the Spartans induced Pharnabazus to put him out of the way; as he was about to set out for the Persian court his residence was set on fire, and on rushing out on his assassins, dagger in hand, he was killed by a shower of arrows (404 BC).
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Alcibiades (968 words)

	A Brief History of Persian Empire
		The exiles were received by Pharnabazus, giving Cyrus a reason to gather an army that included 13,000 Greek mercenaries to besiege Miletus.
		With Caria defended, Agesilaus invaded Phrygia and captured towns of Pharnabazus, whose attacks were avoided by using captives as screens.
		After ravaging Phrygia, Agesilaus was recalled to Sparta; he said it was because of the king's ten thousand golden archers, by which he meant the gold coins used for diplomacy.
	www.parstimes.com /library/brief_history_of_persian_empire.html (7498 words)

	Iranica.com - DASCYLIUM
		Pharnabazus was occupied in warding off external and internal threats to his domain.
		Pharnabazus was captured at Cos but escaped; he was still serving near Dascylium in 322, as a cavalry commander in the army of the Greek Eumenes, his brother-in-law (Plutarch, Eumenes 7; cf.
		Sekunda, "Persian Settlement in Hellespontine Phrygia," in A.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7f1/v7f169.html (2041 words)

	Ancient Districts
		Lesser Phrygia stretched west along the shores of the Sea of Marmara and the Hellespont to Troas, a region afterward part of Mysia.
		Greater Phrygia was in general a high and barren plateau; the most fertile region was the valley of the Sangarius.
		It is situated in southern Anatolia and bordered by Phrygia on the north, Pamphylia on the south, Caria on the west and Cappadocia on the east.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /sites/ancient_districts.htm (3048 words)

	Pharnabazus (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pharnabazus was the son of a Persian nobleman named Artabazus, who was satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, i.e., the northwest of what is now Turkey.
		The family of Artabazus belonged to the highest Persian elite: his father Pharnaces had been mayor of the palace of his cousin, king Darius I the Great.
		His father was still serving the king in 450/449 and several scholars have assumed that Pharnabazus served Artabazus, and never became satrap.
	www.livius.org /pha-phd/pharnabazus/pharnabazus03.html (162 words)

	Encyclopedia: Darius II of Persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As long as the power of Athens remained intact he did not meddle in Greek affairs; even the support which the Athenians in 413 gave to the rebel Amorges in Carla would not have roused him, had not the Athenian power been broken in the same year before Syracuse.
		He gave orders to his satraps in Asia Minor, Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus, to send in the overdue tribute of the Greek towns, and to begin a war with Athens; for this purpose they entered into an alliance with Sparta.
		Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Darius-II-of-Persia (933 words)

	Wikipedia: Pharnabazus
		Pharnabazus was a Persian soldier and statesman, the son of Pharnaces, belonged to a family which from 478 BC governed the satrapy of Phrygia on the Hellespont, from its headquarters at Dascvlium, and, according to a discovery by Th.
		Pharnabazus first appears as satrap of this province in 413 BC, when, having received orders from Darius II to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the coast, he, like Tissaphernes of Caria, entered into negotiations with Sparta and began war with Athens.
		After the war he came into conflict with Lysander.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/p/ph/pharnabazus.html (157 words)

	Bithynia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Bithynians were always causing trouble to Hellespontine Phrygia, the satrapy to which they nominally belonged.
		Pharnabazus allied with them against a common foe (the Ten Thousand) in 400 B.C., but was glad enough to see the Greeks wintering in their territory two years later, "as the Bithynians were constantly making war against him." (
		However, Nicomedes wasn’t able to retain control of the Galatians, and they were soon roaming around Phrygia, plundering and destroying.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /bithynia.htm (1428 words)

	AGESILAUS II. - LoveToKnow Article on AGESILAUS II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On his arrival at Ephesus a three months' truce was concluded with Tissa-phernes, the satrap of Lydia and Caria, but negotiations conducted during that time proved fruitless, and on its termination Agesilaus raided Phrygia, where he easily won immense booty since Tissaphernes had concentrated his troops in Caria.
		After spending the winter in organizing a cavalry force, he made a successful incursion into Lydia in the spring of 395.
		He then came to an agreement with the satrap Pharna-bazus and once more turned southward.
	92.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AG/AGESILAUS_II_.htm (937 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Alcibiades,
		His failures at Andros, and the loss suffered by his lieutenant Antiochus at Notium in 407 B.C. led to his dismissal from command.
		After the final defeat of Athens at the Battle of Aegospotami, he sought refuge with Pharnabazus in Phrygia and tried to secure the aid of Artaxerxes against Sparta.
		But the Spartans were able to influence Pharnabazus and Alcibiades was killed by a shower of arrows when he exited his burning home.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5379&WID=55 (213 words)

	Agesilaus II, King of Sparta: Part 1/3
		Forced to withdraw from Phrygia with a great deal of booty because of his lack of cavalry, Agesilaus returned to Ephesus and set about forming a cavalry force during the winter, when campaigning usually stopped.
		Lysander was unable to bring Pharnabazus to a pitched battle, and started moving inland against the Persian royal cities of Ecbatana and Susa.
		It was at this point that Agesilaus was recalled by Sparta to take command in the war Pharnabazus had successfully stirred up.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/ancient_biographies/110126/2 (319 words)

	Cappuccino Magazine \| Cappuccino \| Iranian Weekly Magazine: \| Empire in Chaos
		Pharnabazus, Satrap of Phrygia, was among the local rulers who undertook a rebellion against Darius II, and after his defeat, he was again re-appointed to the same position!
		Upon hearing of his father’s death, Cyrus the Younger declared his claim to the throne, based on the argument that he was born to Darius and Parysatis after the former’s decent to the throne, while Artaxerxes was born when Vahuka was only the satrap of Hyrcania.
		The rise of local powers, financial corruption, and general dissatisfaction throughout the empire was slowly dissolving the unity of the Empire and providing a context of its final collapse.
	www.cappuccinomag.com /iranologyenglish/001534.html (2310 words)

	Alexander vs. Darius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The traditional story is that the Greeks with their good advice, were distrusted by the Persians with their macho bravado, flattery, and jealousy of the marshal prowess of the Greeks.
		Pharnabazus split the fleet, sending the desired troops to Darius, and sending some ships and troops under Orontobates, to retake Halicarnassus.
		It is extremely unlikely that the Greeks lost many men in the battle as they won for the most part on their front, and a number of sources describe them as retiring in good order from the field.
	www.ancientbattles.com /Issus/Issus.htm (7282 words)

	Alcibiades by Plutarch
		He concluded that Pharnabazus would most readily procure him a safe conduct, and therefore went into Phrygia to him, and continued to dwell there some time, paying him great respect, and being honourably treated by him.
		Yet Lysander would not be prevailed upon by these representations, till at last he received secret orders from the magistrates of Lacedaemon, expressly requiring him to get Alcibiades despatched: whether it was that they feared his energy and boldness in enterprising what was hazardous, or that it was done to gratify King Agis.
		Pharnabazus committed the affair to Magaeus, his brother, and to his uncle Susamithres.
	www.4literature.net /Plutarch/Alcibiades/12.html (985 words)

	Alcibiades biography
		At the request of the Thirty Tyrants of Athens, and with the concurrence of the Spartans, Pharnabazus a satrap of Artaxerxes, received orders to put Alcibiades to death.
		He was living at this time in a castle in Phrygia; Pharnabazus caused it to be set on fire during the night.
		As his victim was endeavoring to escape from the flames, he was pierced with a volley of arrows.
	www.dromo.info /alcibiadesbio.htm (877 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, since a campaign in the plains was impossible even in Phrygia, owing to Pharnabazus' cavalry, he decided that he must raise a mounted force, if he was to avoid continually running away from the enemy.
		Spithridates the Persian, for example, knew that Pharnabazus was negotiating for a marriage with the Great King's daughter, and intended to take his, Spithridates', daughter as a concubine.
		And Pharnabazus too came and parleyed with Agesilaus, and made agreement with him that if he were not himself appointed the Persian general, he would revolt from the Great King.
	icecubetopper.com /Authors/Xenophon/XEN_AGES.TXT (7107 words)

	Ethics of Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Empires by Sanderson Beck
		He was supported by the Dardanian widow Mania and her Greek mercenaries until she was murdered by her son-in-law Meidias, who allied himself with Spartan Dercylidas and used Mania's treasure to pay 8,000 soldiers for a year.
		With Cyprus settled, Pharnabazus prepared to invade Egypt again and enlisted Athenian general Iphicrates to lead the Greek mercenaries.
		By 373 BC Pharnabazus had gathered 300 triremes, 12,000 Greeks, and countless Persians and easterners to invade Egypt.
	www.san.beck.org /EC6-Assyria.html (14089 words)

	bookshop - Librarie
		Concluding, therefore, that his estate in Caria was the real object of the coming attack, he sent the whole of his infantry across to that district and took his cavalry round into the plain of the Maeander, confident that he could ride down the Greeks before they reached the country where cavalry could not operate.
		In his settlement with the cities that he won over, he invariably excused them from all servile duties and required only such obedience as freemen owe to their rules; and by his clemency he made himself master of fortresses impregnable to assault.
		He therefore enrolled the wealthiest men in all the cities thereabouts as breeders of horses, and issued a proclamation that [1.24] anyone who supplied a horse and arms and an efficient man should be exempt from personal service.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/X/Xenophon/04.html (2235 words)

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